wifi-densepose/docs/research/sota-2026-05-22/R18-disaster-response.md

R18 — Disaster response: collapsed-building survivor detection (composes wifi-densepose-mat)

Status: exotic vertical sketch + integration with existing repo crate · 2026-05-22

Premise

After an earthquake, building collapse, or industrial explosion, survivors trapped under rubble have a 72-hour critical window for rescue. Current detection methods (search dogs, thermal imaging, acoustic sensors, fibre-optic listening devices) each have limitations:

• Search dogs: scarce, trainable for ~20-30 minutes between rests
• Thermal: blocked by debris, weather-dependent
• Acoustic: requires silent rescue site (often impossible)
• Fibre-optic: slow deployment per survey area

WiFi CSI / radar sensing offers a unique combination: penetrates rubble (debris is less attenuating than steel), works in darkness/dust/smoke, no operator-active signal (passive listening). The repo already has a dedicated crate for this:

wifi-densepose-mat — Mass Casualty Assessment Tool — disaster survivor detection (from CLAUDE.md crate table)

R18 integrates the existing MAT crate with the loop's findings to specify a complete disaster-response stack.

The MAT crate's existing scope

From the workspace dependency graph (CLAUDE.md):

• wifi-densepose-mat depends on core, signal, nn
• Used by wifi-densepose-wasm (browser deployment) + wifi-densepose-cli

The crate is shipped today but predates this loop's research output. R18 catalogues what the loop adds:

Capability	MAT crate today	+ Loop findings
Detect "there is a survivor here"	yes (core function)	R12.1 pose-PABS makes detection precise + reduces false alarms by 9.36×
Estimate survivor count	yes	R6.2.5 multi-subject union; bounded to ~4 with current placement
Localise survivor	partial	R1 ToA CRLB sets the precision floor (~25 cm at 4-anchor convex hull); R6 Fresnel gives sensitivity envelope
Through-rubble propagation	yes (mat-specific)	R11 maritime through-seam analysis transfers (debris is RF-leaky, not RF-opaque)
Vital-signs from trapped survivor	partial	R14 V1 + R15 breathing rate primitive — works through 1-2 m of rubble
Distinguish survivor from rescue worker	not addressed	R3 + AETHER if a "rescue worker signature library" is loaded
Mass-casualty triage signal	partial	R15 biometric stability primitives — declining HRV / breathing → triage priority bump
Adversarial environment (other RF sources at scene)	not addressed	R7 mincut adversarial defence essential
Audit / chain of evidence for legal	not addressed	ADR-109 Dilithium-signed event log

Through-rubble propagation (R11 maritime parallel)

R11 maritime found that steel bulkheads at 2.4 GHz have a 3.25 µm skin depth → utterly opaque. Earthquake debris is mostly NOT steel — typical building collapse rubble is concrete + drywall + wood + insulation, mostly partially RF-transparent:

Material	Approximate 2.4 GHz attenuation
Steel (1 mm)	2,674 dB (opaque)
Reinforced concrete (10 cm)	20-30 dB
Drywall (1.5 cm)	1-2 dB
Wood (5 cm)	2-4 dB
Insulation (foam, 10 cm)	5-8 dB
Brick (10 cm)	8-12 dB
Glass / dust mixture	3-6 dB
Rubble pile (mixed, 1-2 m)	40-80 dB (much less than steel)

An ESP32-S3 with its 121 dB link budget has ~40-80 dB margin through typical rubble of 1-2 m depth. Survivors at this depth are detectable. Deeper rubble (3-5 m) becomes marginal; pure-steel rubble (rare except basement collapses with rebar) is impossible.

This is dramatically better than the maritime through-bulkhead case where steel was the dominant material.

Three deployment scenarios

Scenario A: Building-collapse rapid-response (5y, current MAT scope)

Requirement	Loop primitive	Configuration
Per-survey-zone deployment	R6.2.2 N-anchor	4-6 anchors per ~20 m² survey area
Through-rubble detection	MAT crate baseline	(already shipped)
Survivor count + position	R1 + R6.2.5 + R12.1	~25 cm position precision
Vital signs confirmation	R14 V1 + R15 breathing	rate-level only per R13 NEGATIVE
Survivor-vs-rescuer disambiguation	R3 + rescue-worker signature library	per-deployment loaded library
Adversarial RF	R7 mincut	critical at deployment sites (cell, BLE, mesh radios)
Real-time triage updates	ADR-105 within-installation fed	local on-device, no cloud

Cost per survey unit: ~$200 (multi-anchor ESP32 array + portable battery + ruggedised enclosure). FEMA / urban-search-and-rescue purchase model.

Scenario B: Earthquake-region pre-staged sensors (10y)

Permanent installations at seismic-risk sites (hospitals, schools, transit hubs). After tremor activity, sensors automatically activate survivor-detection mode. The detection-mode cog ships in opt-in form (R14 framework).

Scenario C: Cross-disaster federated learning (15y)

Each disaster generates new training data. ADR-107 cross-installation federation allows multiple disaster sites to federate learning about debris-propagation patterns without sharing raw rescue data. ADR-108 quantum-resistant key exchange protects rescue site sovereignty.

What loop primitives add to the existing MAT crate

1. R12.1 pose-PABS closed loop: 9.36× false-alarm reduction is critical for time-pressured rescue operations.
2. R6.2.5 multi-subject union: critical for multi-survivor scenarios (e.g. school cafeteria collapse).
3. R1 ToA CRLB: gives FEMA the precision number for survey-unit placement.
4. R7 mincut adversarial defence: disaster sites have heavy RF interference; R7 prevents false negatives from compromised links.
5. R14 V1 vitals + R15 rate-level breathing: rules out HRV-contour (R13 NEGATIVE) but breathing rate IS reliable for confirming "the heat signature we found is alive".
6. ADR-105-109 federation chain: cross-disaster federated learning + audit trail integrity for legal evidence.
7. ADR-113 placement matrix: gives field operators a deterministic placement recipe rather than tribal knowledge.

Honest scope

• No bench-validated disaster-site data — all loop numbers are synthetic. MAT crate has been tested in lab; real disaster validation is rare for ethical reasons (you can't simulate dead bodies; you have to wait for real events).
• R7 mincut at disaster sites is a hostile-RF requirement, not nice-to-have. Sites have firefighter radios, FEMA mesh, satellite phones — all interfering.
• Cross-disaster federation raises serious consent questions: rescued survivors and victims' families may not consent to their data being used for training future models. This is an ethical research question, not just technical.
• Time-pressure changes everything: in a real rescue, false-positive at 1× minute cost is acceptable but false-negative at minute cost is fatal. R12.1's 9.36× lift is critical but the threshold has to be tuned aggressively toward false-positive.
• MAT crate API is shipped but doesn't yet consume R6.1 multi-scatterer forward model. Integration work needed.

Through-rubble vital-signs feasibility

The same R6.1 analysis that gave 4.7 dB multi-scatterer penalty in clear air applies, plus 40-80 dB rubble attenuation. SNR margin:

Link budget:               121 dB
Rubble loss (1-2 m):     -40 to -80 dB
Multi-scatterer penalty:  -4.7 dB
SNR margin needed:        -10 dB
Available for vitals:    +37 to -27 dB

Breathing-rate detection at 1 m rubble depth is feasible (+37 dB margin). At 2 m it's marginal (+7 dB). At 3 m it's infeasible. This matches what MAT crate's existing range estimates probably already say; R6.1 makes the budget explicit.

Cog roadmap

Cog	Timeline	Primitive
cog-mat-survivor-detect (existing)	NOW	wifi-densepose-mat
cog-mat-pose-pabs	5y	+ R12.1 closed loop
cog-mat-multi-survivor	5y	+ R6.2.5 multi-subject
cog-mat-vitals-confirm	5y	+ R14 V1 + R15 (rate-level)
cog-mat-survivor-vs-rescuer	10y	+ R3 + rescue-worker library
cog-mat-cross-deploy-fed	15y	+ ADR-105-108 (consent-bounded)

What R18 enables

1. A clear path from MAT crate (today's scope) to fully-instrumented disaster-response system (15y horizon).
2. Direct integration of loop primitives with existing repo code — most concrete vertical so far.
3. Quantified rubble-depth budget: 1 m feasible, 2 m marginal, 3 m infeasible.
4. Six-cog roadmap spanning 0-15y.

What R18 DOES NOT enable

• Real disaster validation without partnerships with FEMA / urban-search-and-rescue teams
• Cross-disaster federation without resolving ethical consent questions
• Steel-rubble cases (basement collapse with rebar) — physics rules these out
• Underwater rescue (R11 saltwater finding rules this out at WiFi bands)

R18 vs R10/R11/R14/R16/R17 (vertical comparison)

	R18 disaster	R16 healthcare	R17 industrial
Repo asset	existing MAT crate	none yet	none yet
Through-medium	rubble (40-80 dB)	air	air
Mobility	trapped (static)	stationary	mobile
Coverage	survey-unit (~20 m²)	ward (30 m²)	zone (100-1000 m²)
Privacy	survivor consent post-hoc	HIPAA	OSHA
Failure cost	survivor dies	clinical miss	safety incident
R7 mincut	binding (hostile RF)	nice-to-have	binding

Disaster + industrial both require R7 mincut as binding. Healthcare doesn't (controlled environment).

Composes with prior threads

• R1 (CRLB): position precision in survey unit
• R6/R6.1: through-rubble forward model
• R6.2.5 + R6.2.2: multi-survivor union coverage
• R7 (mincut): binding at disaster sites
• R10 (foliage attenuation parallel): rubble attenuation analogous to foliage
• R11 (maritime through-bulkhead): same physics framework, different material parameters
• R12 / R12.1 (PABS): false-alarm reduction in rescue ops
• R13 NEGATIVE: rules out blood-pressure / HRV-contour
• R14 V1 + R15: vital-signs confirmation
• R3 + AETHER: survivor-vs-rescuer disambiguation
• ADR-105-109: federation + audit chain
• ADR-113: placement matrix gives field-operator recipe

R18 is the third "vertical that demonstrates loop generality"

After R16 (healthcare) and R17 (industrial), R18 is the third vertical showing the loop's primitives compose without new research. Three out of three target verticals (clinical, industrial, disaster) work with the same architecture. This is strong evidence that the loop's output is genuinely vertical-agnostic.

Connection back

Every loop thread referenced above. R18 is also the first vertical to integrate with an existing repo crate (wifi-densepose-mat), making the loop-to-production path most direct for this domain.