16 KiB
NV-Diamond Sensor Simulator — Implementation Plan
Quantum Sensing Series (15/—) — Executable Build Spec
Date: 2026-04-25
Status: Plan only — no source code yet
Branch: feat/nvsim-pipeline-simulator (untracked artefact)
Companion: 14-nv-diamond-sensor-simulator.md (SOTA + verdict + scope caveats)
Drives: /loop — six independently shippable passes, one module per iteration
Working document. A developer (human or agent) picks up any single row of §3, ships
it, runs the gate, stops. Doc 14's verdict was "lean toward skip without a hardware
target"; this plan honours that scoping by sizing narrowly to ferrous-anomaly /
eddy-current / mat-aligned use cases. Where physics has a primary source, formula is
cited; where it does not, the gap is marked conjecture with a defensible default.
Section 1 — Crate scaffold
1.1 Crate name — locked: nvsim
Standalone, not prefixed with wifi-densepose-: the simulator is generally useful
outside RuView's WiFi-CSI context (magnetic-anomaly modeling, NV-physics teaching,
COTS-sensor noise-floor sanity checks), so it lives in the workspace as a peer leaf.
Public API: use nvsim::scene::DipoleSource;. Placement: v2/crates/nvsim/, pure leaf
crate (no internal RuView deps).
1.2 Cargo.toml
[package]
name = "nvsim"
version.workspace = true
edition.workspace = true
license.workspace = true
description = "Deterministic NV-diamond magnetometer pipeline simulator (source -> propagation -> NV -> ADC)"
[dependencies]
ndarray = { workspace = true } # 3-vector field math, time-series buffers
rustfft = { workspace = true } # spectral analysis + lockin demod cross-check
num-complex = { workspace = true } # phasor algebra in lockin
num-traits = { workspace = true }
rand = "0.8" # Monte-Carlo shot noise (NOT in workspace yet -> add)
rand_chacha = "0.3" # deterministic seed -> ChaCha20 PRNG
sha2 = "0.10" # witness hashing (already used in -core)
serde = { workspace = true }
serde_json = { workspace = true }
thiserror = { workspace = true }
tracing = { workspace = true }
wifi-densepose-core = { path = "../wifi-densepose-core" } # FrameKind extension only
[dev-dependencies]
criterion = "0.5"
approx = "0.5"
[features]
default = []
ruvector = ["dep:ruvector-core"] # optional witness/sketch reuse — Section 4
[dependencies.ruvector-core]
path = "../../../vendor/ruvector/crates/ruvector-core"
optional = true
[[bench]]
name = "pipeline_throughput"
harness = false
1.3 Module layout (one file each, < 500 lines per CLAUDE.md)
| File | LoC budget | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
src/lib.rs |
< 200 | Public re-exports, Pipeline builder, error type, crate-level rustdoc |
src/scene.rs |
< 350 | DipoleSource, CurrentLoop, FerrousObject, EddyCurrent, Scene aggregate |
src/source.rs |
< 350 | Biot–Savart for current loops + analytic dipole field (no FEM) |
src/propagation.rs |
< 250 | Per-material attenuation table + free-space pass-through |
src/sensor.rs |
< 450 | NV-ensemble linear ODMR readout, Lorentzian lineshape, T1/T2 envelope, shot noise, vector projection onto 4 NV axes |
src/digitiser.rs |
< 300 | ADC quantize, anti-alias, lockin demod at MW modulation freq |
src/pipeline.rs |
< 250 | Wires the four layers; emits MagFrame stream |
src/frame.rs |
< 250 | rv_mag_feature_state_t struct, magic-number, byte-exact serialisation |
src/proof.rs |
< 250 | Deterministic seed -> SHA-256 witness; mirrors archive/v1/data/proof/verify.py |
Total: ~2,650 LoC Rust + ~400 LoC tests + 1 bench. 3-week sprint per doc 14 §5.
1.4 Frame magic number
ADR-018 reserves 0xC51F... for CSI. Pick 0xC51A_6E70 for rv_mag_feature_state_t:
C51 (CSI/feature lineage), A (Analog/Anomaly), 6E70 (ASCII "np", NV-pipeline).
u32 little-endian, first 4 bytes of every frame. Consumers reading 0xC51F... fail
magic-check on a magsim frame and abort cleanly — non-overlap with CSI is the invariant.
1.5 Workspace wiring
Append crates/nvsim to v2/Cargo.toml members after wifi-densepose-vitals. No
publishing-order changes (pure leaf, no internal deps). Update CLAUDE.md crate table
in a separate PR after Pass 6 ships.
Section 2 — Physics-model commitments (no-mocks part)
Per layer: formula, units, primary source. When no primary source applies at RuView geometry, marked conjecture with chosen default.
2.1 source.rs — magnetic source synthesis
| Primitive | Formula | Units | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Magnetic dipole | B(r) = (μ₀ / 4π r³) · [3(m·r̂)r̂ − m] with μ₀ = 4π×10⁻⁷ T·m/A |
T (output), m (position), A·m² (moment) | Jackson, Classical Electrodynamics 3e, §5.6 (1999); Magpylib reference impl [Ortner & Bandeira, SoftwareX 11, 100466 (2020)] |
| Current loop | Biot–Savart: B(r) = (μ₀/4π) ∮ I dl × r̂ / r² discretised over n=64 segments |
T | Jackson §5.4 |
| Ferrous-object induced moment | Linear approx: m_induced = χ V H_ambient for χ ≈ 5000 (steel) |
A·m² | Cullity & Graham, Introduction to Magnetic Materials 2e (2009), Ch.2 — primary source for steel χ at low field |
| Eddy-current loop | Faraday + Ohm: I(t) = -(σ A / L) · dΦ/dt, then re-emits via Biot–Savart |
A | Jackson §5.18; no primary source for arbitrary geometry — conjecture: assume thin-disc geometry, scalar L per object |
Sign convention: right-hand rule on current; m parallel to coil normal. Units: SI;
convert to pT at frame-emit time only. Singularity at r→0: clamp r_min = 1 mm; below
that, return B = 0 and set flags |= SATURATION_NEAR_FIELD (conjectural — no
published guidance for sub-mm dipole at RuView geometry — but deterministic).
2.2 propagation.rs — attenuation through air + materials
| Material | Model / coeff (DC–10 kHz) | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Air / vacuum | μ = μ₀, σ ≈ 0; 0 dB/m | Jackson §5.8 |
| Drywall (gypsum) | Dielectric, 0 dB/m | Conjecture (no primary source); gypsum non-ferromagnetic, loss << 0.1 dB/m |
| Brick (dry) | Dielectric, 0 dB/m | Conjecture; same logic |
| Concrete (dry) | 0.5 dB/m default | Conjecture (Ulrich NDT&E Int. 35, 2002 as proxy only) |
| Reinforced concrete | 20 dB/m + warning flag | Ulrich 2002 proxy; research gap per doc 14 §6.3 |
| Sheet steel | Skin depth δ = √(2/μσω), freq-dependent |
Jackson §8.1 |
Propagation is intentionally thin: free-space 1/r³ lives in source.rs. This layer
applies per-segment attenuation only when sensor-source line-of-sight intersects a
material slab; default is identity.
2.3 sensor.rs — NV-ensemble response
Full Hamiltonian is not solved (doc 14 §4.4 defers Lindblad dynamics to QuTiP). We implement the linear-readout proxy that Barry 2020 §III.A validates as adequate for ensemble magnetometers in the linear regime:
| Quantity | Formula / value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| ODMR transition | `ν± = D ± γ_e | B_∥ |
| Lineshape | Lorentzian, Γ ≈ 1 MHz FWHM |
Barry RMP 92 (2020), Fig. 4 |
| Shot-noise δB | 1 / (γ_e · C · √(N · t)) (leading order) |
Barry 2020 Eq. 35; Taylor Nat. Phys. 4 (2008) |
| C (ODMR contrast) | 0.03 (COTS bulk) | Barry 2020 Table III |
| N (sensing spins) | 10¹² for ~1 mm³ | Barry 2020 §IV.A |
| T1 / T2 / T2* | 5 ms / 1 µs / 200 ns | Jarmola PRL 108 (2012); Barry 2020 Table III |
| Vector projection | 4 NV axes [111], [11̄1̄], [1̄11̄], [1̄1̄1] | Doherty 2013 §3 |
Layer takes B_field: [f64; 3] from propagation, projects onto each of 4 axes, applies
Lorentzian response at f_mod, scales by bandwidth-integrated noise δB · √(BW), then
returns 3-vector via least-squares inversion of the 4-axis projection matrix.
Sanity floor derived from above (must hold in tests): δB(t=1s, BW=1Hz) ≈ 1.2 pT/√Hz,
within 4× of Wolf 2015's 0.9 pT/√Hz — acceptable analytic-model approximation given
ODMR-CW operation (Wolf used flux concentrators).
2.4 digitiser.rs — ADC + lockin demod
| Step | Model / default | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Anti-alias | 4th-order Butterworth, f_c = f_s/2.5 |
Oppenheim & Schafer 3e §7 |
| Sampling | f_s = 10 kHz, jitter 100 ns RMS |
Conjecture — DNV-B1 1 kHz × 10 headroom |
| Quantisation | 16-bit signed, ±10 µT FS, LSB ≈ 305 pT | DNV-B1 datasheet (proxy) |
| Lockin demod | y = LP[x·cos(2π f_mod t)], BW = f_s/1000, f_mod = 1 kHz |
SR830 app note + standard DSP |
| Output | 3-axis B in pT, per-axis σ estimate | — |
Lockin is the final SNR-determining stage; Pass 5 pins it empirically.
Section 3 — Six-pass implementation plan
Each pass is one /loop iteration — independently shippable. Gate must pass before
next pass begins; if not, abort and replan (§7).
| Pass | Files touched | New public APIs | Tests | Acceptance gate |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 scaffold | Cargo.toml, lib.rs, scene.rs, frame.rs, v2/Cargo.toml |
Scene, DipoleSource, CurrentLoop, FerrousObject, MagFrame, MAG_FRAME_MAGIC |
6: scene JSON round-trip; magic = 0xC51A_6E70; frame byte order deterministic; serde compiles; empty scene serializes; LoC budget enforced |
cargo check -p nvsim clean; 6/6 pass; workspace 1,575+6 = 1,581 |
| 2 Biot–Savart | source.rs |
Scene::field_at(point) -> [f64;3] |
5: on-axis dipole B = μ₀m/(2π z³); equatorial B = -μ₀m/(4π r³); n=8 RMS ≤ 0.5%; loop on-axis B_z = μ₀ I a²/[2(a²+z²)^{3/2}]; r→0 clamp = 0+flag |
n=8 ≤ 0.5%; else abort §7-1 |
| 3 propagation | propagation.rs, lib.rs |
Propagator::attenuate(B, los_segments) -> [f64;3] |
4: free-space identity; drywall ≈ 0 dB; concrete 0.5 dB/m; rebar warns + 20 dB/m; NaN-safe on zero LoS | All 4 pass; no NaN any input |
| 4 NV sensor | sensor.rs |
NvSensor::sample(B_in, dt) -> NvReading |
6: FWHM = 1.0 ± 0.05 MHz; shot noise ∝ 1/√t over 5 decades; T2 envelope = exp(−t/T2); 4-axis LSQ residual < 1%; zero-in + noise-on = zero-mean; floor at 1 µT bias matches Barry 2020 within 2× | Floor match ≤ 2×; else abort §7-2 |
| 5 digitiser+pipeline | digitiser.rs, pipeline.rs |
Pipeline::new(scene,config).run(n) -> Vec<MagFrame>; Lockin::demod |
5: (scene, seed=42) → SHA-256 witness; same seed = byte-identical; 1 nT @ 1 kHz vs 1 nT/√Hz floor → SNR ≥ 10 in 1 s; ADC saturates + flags above ±10 µT; anti-alias ≥ 40 dB at f_s/2+1 Hz |
All 5 pass; SNR floor met |
| 6 proof+bench | proof.rs, benches/pipeline_throughput.rs, lib.rs docs |
Proof::generate(), Proof::verify(expected_hash) |
5: bundle reproduces published expected_mag_features.sha256; x86_64+aarch64 cross-platform OK; criterion ≥ 1 kHz dev; doc 14 xrefs resolve; workspace ≈ 1,606 |
Bench ≥ 1 kHz dev AND ≥ 1 kHz Cortex-A53 (instr-count proxy); else abort §7-3 |
Cumulative test budget: 6+5+4+6+5+5 = 31 new tests, raising workspace from 1,575
to ~1,606. Branch hygiene: every pass commits to feat/nvsim-pipeline-simulator,
subject ends in [nvsim:passN]; no merge to main until all six gates pass.
Section 4 — ruvector integration points
Doc 14 §4.6 did not mandate ruvector. Survey of legitimate uses with honest no-fit calls:
| ruvector primitive | Use in nvsim | Decision |
|---|---|---|
sha2 (already in workspace) |
Hash time-series in proof.rs |
Use direct sha2 dep — not via ruvector |
BinaryQuantized 32× |
Long-form trace storage for regression replay (1 h × 10 kHz: 432 MB f32 → 13.5 MB binary) | Use behind features = ["ruvector"] opt-in |
| HNSW sketch | Content-address scenes | Skip — SHA-256 of canonical JSON suffices |
ruvector-attention / mincut |
— | Skip — inference primitives; nvsim is forward-only |
quantization for ADC |
Reuse Q_int4 | Reject as misuse — vector compression, not signal-path ADC. Implement directly. |
Net: optional ruvector feature flag enables trace compression in proof.rs only.
Default build and witness verification do not depend on ruvector — matches the
"leverage where it helps but don't force it" guidance.
Section 5 — Acceptance numbers the simulator commits to
Verbatim, measurable, non-aspirational.
- Pipeline throughput: ≥ 1 kHz simulated samples per second of wall-clock on a Cortex-A53-class CPU (Pi Zero 2W).
- Determinism: same
(scene, seed)produces byte-identical proof-bundle output across runs and machines. - Noise floor reproduction: simulator with shot noise OFF must reproduce the analytical Biot–Savart result to ≤ 0.1% RMS error.
- Lockin SNR floor: with a 1 nT signal at 1 kHz against a 100 pT/√Hz noise floor, lockin demod recovers SNR ≥ 10 in 1 s integration.
All four are Pass-6 acceptance tests or bench assertions. Determinism uses fixed-seed ChaCha20 + canonical f64 serialisation order.
Section 6 — Out of scope (committed to NOT building)
Explicit non-goals. Ruling them out is half the value of the plan.
| Excluded | Reason |
|---|---|
| Single-NV imaging / ODMR scanning microscopy | Room-scale, not nm; doc 14 §4.7 |
| NV-NV entanglement, photonic-crystal cavities | Out of RuView hardware budget |
| Diamond growth / NV creation chemistry | Vendor (Element Six) handles |
| Cryogenic operation | RuView ships RT; doc 14 §2.2 |
| Real hardware control (laser, MW, AOM) | Simulator is forward-only |
| Full Hamiltonian + Lindblad solver | Defer to QuTiP if ever needed; doc 14 §3.1 |
| Pulsed dynamical-decoupling sequence design | Hardware-firmware concern; doc 14 §4.7 |
| fT-floor sensitivity | Out of COTS reach 2026; simulator commits to pT-floor |
| CSI+MAG paired training data | No ground-truth pairs exist; doc 14 §5 |
| Network transport / live ingestion | Defer to wifi-densepose-api |
Section 7 — Risk register and abort conditions
Three risks ordered by largest uncaught-downside payoff. Each has a concrete iteration-level abort. If abort fires, loop halts; replan required.
| # | Risk | Threat | Abort condition | Likely recovery |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Float precision in near-field Biot–Savart | At < 1 cm, 1/r³ amplifies f32 rounding to >> 0.5%; Pass 2's n=8 analytic test fails | Pass 2 cannot achieve ≤ 0.5% RMS even after promoting all math to f64 and clamping r_min = 1 mm | Add small-r Taylor expansion guard (unspecified physics — escalate) |
| 2 | NV shot-noise model mis-cited | §2.3 is leading-order; if 1 µT-bias floor differs from Barry 2020 Fig. 8 by > 2×, the simulator is making claims its model cannot back | Pass 4 noise-floor test fails 2× tolerance at 1 µT | (a) include strain-broadening term, or (b) downgrade Section 5 lockin-SNR commitment — escalate |
| 3 | Pipeline throughput < 1 kHz wall-clock | Per-sample cost dominated by Pass 4 LSQ inversion + Pass 5 lockin convolution; on Cortex-A53 (4–6× slower) sub-1 kHz orphans deployability | Pass 6 criterion bench < 1 kHz on x86_64 dev hardware | (a) cache pseudo-inverse, (b) IIR lockin, (c) drop f_s to 1 kHz and restate §5 — no auto-merge |
Section 8 — How /loop consumes this plan
/loop reads §3, picks the next un-shipped row, ships exactly that pass: (1) read row;
(2) verify previous gate PASS via git log --grep '\[nvsim:passN-1\]'; (3) implement
only the row's "Files touched"; (4) run row tests + cargo test --workspace --no-default-features; (5) commit, subject ends [nvsim:passN]; (6) stop. Test failure: no commit. §7
abort fires: halt loop, surface to user.
Entry point for /loop on nvsim. Does not commit to building — that decision lives
in doc 14's verdict ("lean toward skip" absent hardware target). If the verdict flips,
this is the plan that ships.