docs(homecore-plugins): comprehensive README — WASM plugin runtime + InProcess registry
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# homecore-plugins
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WASM integration plugin runtime for HOMECORE with native Rust runtime (P1) and Wasmtime JIT sandbox support (P2).
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[](https://crates.io/crates/homecore-plugins)
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[](https://github.com/ruvnet/RuView)
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[](../../docs/adr/ADR-128-homecore-integration-plugin-system.md)
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**P1 scaffold**: manifest parsing, plugin traits, and in-memory native Rust plugin registry. Wasmtime sandbox (P2) and hot-reload (P3) are deferred.
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## What this crate does
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`homecore-plugins` provides a trait-based plugin system that can host both native Rust plugins (in-process) and WASM plugins (Wasmtime sandbox, P2). It defines:
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- **PluginManifest** — JSON schema for plugin metadata (superset of Home Assistant's `manifest.json`), validated at load time
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- **HomeCorePlugin trait** — async lifecycle hooks (`setup`, `teardown`, state changed handlers)
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- **PluginRuntime trait** — abstraction over execution environments (native vs WASM)
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- **InProcessRuntime** — built-in runtime for first-party Rust plugins (P1)
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- **PluginRegistry** — manages loading, unloading, and querying plugins
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- **Host ABI (stubs)** — C-compatible function signatures for WASM ↔ homecore calls (wiring in P2)
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The system is designed to be feature-gated: compile with `--features wasmtime` to unlock JIT sandbox support for untrusted third-party plugins.
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## Features
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- **Native Rust plugins** — first-party integrations compiled into the binary, zero sandbox overhead (P1)
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- **WASM plugin framework** — trait-based abstraction ready for Wasmtime JIT (P2) or wasm3 interpreter (P3)
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- **PluginManifest validation** — required fields enforced at load time; superset of HA manifest fields
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- **Async plugin lifecycle** — `setup()` and `teardown()` for resource management
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- **State change subscriptions** — plugins can subscribe to entity state changes with handler callbac
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- **Config entry lifecycle** — plugin receives config when registered; P3 adds hot-reload
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- **Feature-gated runtimes** — Wasmtime (30 MB, P2) and wasm3 (50 kB, P3) are optional dependencies
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- **Manifest inheritance from Home Assistant** — `codeowners`, `requirements`, `documentation`, `issue_tracker`, IoT classification
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## Capabilities
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| Capability | Type | Method | Notes |
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|------------|------|--------|-------|
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| Load native plugin | Runtime | `InProcessRuntime::load(manifest, handler)` | Sync; handler is a Rust type implementing `HomeCorePlugin` |
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| Load WASM plugin | Runtime | `WasmtimeRuntime::load(wasm_bytes, manifest)` (P2) | Async; JIT compiles via Cranelift; requires `--features wasmtime` |
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| List loaded plugins | Registry | `PluginRegistry::list()` | Returns `Vec<(PluginId, PluginManifest)>` |
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| Query plugin config | Registry | `PluginRegistry::get_config(plugin_id)` | Returns `Arc<ConfigEntryJson>` |
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| Call plugin handler | Host ABI | `hc_state_changed(event)` (P2) | WASM plugin receives state change events via exported function |
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| Unload plugin | Registry | `PluginRegistry::unload(plugin_id)` | Calls `teardown()`, frees memory (P3 = hot-reload) |
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## Comparison to Home Assistant
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| Aspect | Home Assistant | homecore-plugins |
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|--------|----------------|------------------|
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| Plugin language | Python (`.py` integrations) | Rust (P1) + WASM (P2+) |
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| Sandbox | None (all Python in same process) | None (P1); Wasmtime sandbox (P2) |
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| Plugin discovery | `homeassistant/components/` directory | `PluginManifest` JSON + registry |
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| Config lifecycle | YAML + dynamic reload | Config entry + manifest (hot-reload P3) |
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| Host ABI | CPython C API | C types + Wasmtime exported functions (P2) |
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| Manifest format | Home Assistant's `manifest.json` subset | Superset with `ioc_class`, `cog_publisher` |
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| Feature gating | Integration-specific | Feature flags: `wasmtime`, `wasm3` |
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## Performance
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- **Native plugin overhead** — same as regular Rust function calls; no sandbox cost
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- **WASM plugin sandbox** — Wasmtime JIT ~5 ms per call (after warmup); memory overhead ~10 MB per instance
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- **Manifest parsing** — < 1 ms (serde_json)
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- **Registry operations** — O(1) plugin lookup (DashMap); O(n) for `list()`
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- **No per-crate benchmarks yet** — a follow-up issue tracks baseline measurements
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## Usage
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Native plugin (P1):
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```rust
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use homecore_plugins::{HomeCorePlugin, PluginManifest, InProcessRuntime};
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use async_trait::async_trait;
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struct MyPlugin;
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#[async_trait]
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impl HomeCorePlugin for MyPlugin {
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async fn setup(&mut self) -> Result<(), homecore_plugins::PluginError> {
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println!("Plugin setup");
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Ok(())
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}
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async fn teardown(&mut self) -> Result<(), homecore_plugins::PluginError> {
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println!("Plugin teardown");
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Ok(())
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}
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async fn on_state_changed(&mut self, _event: &homecore_plugins::StateChangedEventJson) -> Result<(), homecore_plugins::PluginError> {
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Ok(())
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}
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}
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#[tokio::main]
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async fn main() {
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let manifest = PluginManifest {
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domain: "my_plugin".to_string(),
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name: "My Plugin".to_string(),
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..Default::default()
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};
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let mut runtime = InProcessRuntime::new();
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let plugin_id = runtime.load(manifest.clone(), MyPlugin).await.expect("load plugin");
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println!("Loaded plugin: {:?}", plugin_id);
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runtime.unload(&plugin_id).await.ok();
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}
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```
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WASM plugin (P2 example):
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```bash
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# Build a WASM plugin (requires --features wasmtime)
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cargo build -p homecore-plugin-example --target wasm32-unknown-unknown --release
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# The WasmtimeRuntime will be available at P2:
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# let mut runtime = WasmtimeRuntime::new();
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# let plugin_id = runtime.load(wasm_bytes, manifest).await?;
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```
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## Relation to other HOMECORE crates
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```
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homecore-plugins (plugin registry + runtime abstraction)
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├─ homecore (state machine; plugins receive state changes)
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├─ homecore-plugin-example (reference WASM plugin)
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├─ homecore-server (loads plugins at startup)
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└─ homecore-automation (can invoke handlers via service calls)
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```
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## Security Notes
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**P1 (this release)**: No sandbox. Native Rust plugins have full process access.
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**P2 (planned)**: Wasmtime JIT sandbox is opt-in via `--features wasmtime`. WASM plugins run in isolated memory with explicit host ABI calls to access homecore state. The host ABI is frozen before P2 begins (ADR-128 §8 risk mitigation).
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**P4+**: Ed25519 signature verification and permission enforcement for third-party Cog registry distribution.
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## References
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- [ADR-128: HOMECORE Integration Plugin System](../../docs/adr/ADR-128-homecore-integration-plugin-system.md)
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- [homecore-plugin-example: reference WASM plugin](../homecore-plugin-example)
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- [Host ABI spec](src/host_abi.rs)
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- [README — wifi-densepose](../../../README.md)
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