diff --git a/locales/de/main.ftl b/locales/de/main.ftl
index 3060671..1684709 100644
--- a/locales/de/main.ftl
+++ b/locales/de/main.ftl
@@ -1,31 +1,31 @@
-action-undo = Zurück
-action-redo = Vorwärts
-show-layer-manager = Zeige Layer-Verwaltung
-specctra-session-file = Specctra-Sitzungsdatei
-frame-timestep = Frame-Zeitschritt
-menu-file = Datei
-menu-edit = Bearbeiten
-menu-view = Ansicht
-menu-place = Ort
-menu-route = Route
-menu-inspect = Inspizieren
-menu-options = Optionen
-menu-debug = Debugging
-action-open-dsn = Öffnen
-action-export-ses = Sitzungsdatei exportieren
-action-import-cmd = Historie importieren
-action-export-cmd = Historie exportieren
-action-quit = Beenden
-action-autoroute = Autorouten
-action-place-via = Platziere DuKo
-action-remove-bands = Entferne Bänder
-action-compare-detours = Vergleiche Umwege
-presort-by-pairwise-detours = Nach paarweisen Umwegen vorsortieren
-squeeze-through-under-bands = Presse unter Bänder
-wrap-around-bands = Wickle um Bänder
-zoom-to-fit = Zoom automatisch einpassen
-show-ratsnest = Zeige Ratsnest
-show-navmesh = Zeige Navmesh
-show-bboxes = Zeige BBoxes
-show-origin-destination = Zeige Ursprung-Ziel
-action-measure-length = Länge messen
+tr-menu-edit_undo = Zurück
+tr-menu-edit_redo = Vorwärts
+tr-menu-view_show-layer-manager = Zeige Layer-Verwaltung
+tr-menu-open_specctra-session-file = Specctra-Sitzungsdatei
+tr-menu-view_frame-timestep = Frame-Zeitschritt
+tr-menu-file = Datei
+tr-menu-edit = Bearbeiten
+tr-menu-view = Ansicht
+tr-menu-place = Ort
+tr-menu-route = Route
+tr-menu-inspect = Inspizieren
+tr-menu-options = Optionen
+tr-menu-debug = Debugging
+tr-menu-file-open = Öffnen
+tr-menu-file-export-session-file = Sitzungsdatei exportieren
+tr-menu-file-import-history = Historie importieren
+tr-menu-file-export-history = Historie exportieren
+tr-menu-file-quit = Beenden
+tr-menu-route-autoroute = Autorouten
+tr-menu-place-place-via = Platziere DuKo
+tr-menu-edit_remove-bands = Entferne Bänder
+tr-menu-inspect_compare-detours = Vergleiche Umwege
+tr-menu-route-options_presort-by-pairwise-detours = Nach paarweisen Umwegen vorsortieren
+tr-menu-route-options_squeeze-through-under-bands = Presse unter Bänder
+tr-menu-route-options_wrap-around-bands = Wickle um Bänder
+tr-menu-view_zoom-to-fit = Zoom automatisch einpassen
+tr-menu-view_show-ratsnest = Zeige Ratsnest
+tr-menu-view_show-navmesh = Zeige Navmesh
+tr-menu-view_show-bboxes = Zeige BBoxes
+tr-menu-view_show-origin-destination = Zeige Ursprung-Ziel
+tr-menu-inspect_measure-length = Länge messen
diff --git a/locales/en-US/main.ftl b/locales/en-US/main.ftl
index ead3729..6e406c3 100644
--- a/locales/en-US/main.ftl
+++ b/locales/en-US/main.ftl
@@ -1,56 +1,56 @@
-menu-file = File
-menu-edit = Edit
-menu-view = View
-menu-place = Place
-menu-route = Route
-menu-inspect = Inspect
+tr-menu-file = File
+tr-menu-edit = Edit
+tr-menu-view = View
+tr-menu-place = Place
+tr-menu-route = Route
+tr-menu-inspect = Inspect
 
-menu-options = Options
-menu-debug = Debug
+tr-menu-options = Options
+tr-menu-debug = Debug
 
-action-open-dsn = Open
-action-export-ses = Export Session File
-action-import-cmd = Import History
-action-export-cmd = Export History
+tr-menu-file-open = Open
+tr-menu-file-export-session-file = Export Session File
+tr-menu-file-import-history = Import History
+tr-menu-file-export-history = Export History
 
-action-quit = Quit
-action-autoroute = Autoroute
-action-place-via = Place Via
-action-remove-bands = Remove Bands
-action-compare-detours = Compare Detours
-action-measure-length = Measure Length
+tr-menu-file-quit = Quit
+tr-menu-route-autoroute = Autoroute
+tr-menu-place-place-via = Place Via
+tr-menu-edit_remove-bands = Remove Bands
+tr-menu-inspect_compare-detours = Compare Detours
+tr-menu-inspect_measure-length = Measure Length
 
-action-undo = Undo
-action-redo = Redo
-action-abort = Abort
+tr-menu-edit_undo = Undo
+tr-menu-edit_redo = Redo
+tr-menu-edit_abort = Abort
 
-presort-by-pairwise-detours = Presort by Pairwise Detours
-squeeze-through-under-bands = Squeeze through under Bands
-wrap-around-bands = Wrap around Bands
+tr-menu-route-options_presort-by-pairwise-detours = Presort by Pairwise Detours
+tr-menu-route-options_squeeze-through-under-bands = Squeeze through under Bands
+tr-menu-route-options_wrap-around-bands = Wrap around Bands
 
-zoom-to-fit = Zoom to Fit
+tr-menu-view_zoom-to-fit = Zoom to Fit
 
-show-ratsnest = Show Ratsnest
-show-navmesh = Show Navmesh
-show-bboxes = Show BBoxes
-show-origin-destination = Show Origin–Destination
+tr-menu-view_show-ratsnest = Show Ratsnest
+tr-menu-view_show-navmesh = Show Navmesh
+tr-menu-view_show-bboxes = Show BBoxes
+tr-menu-view_show-origin-destination = Show Origin–Destination
 
-show-layer-manager = Show Layer Manager
+tr-menu-view_show-layer-manager = Show Layer Manager
 
-frame-timestep = Frame Timestep
+tr-menu-view_frame-timestep = Frame Timestep
 
-specctra-session-file = Specctra session file
+tr-menu-open_specctra-session-file = Specctra session file
 
-title-error-messages = Error Messages
-reset-error-messages = Reset Messages
-discard-item = Discard
+tr-dialog-tr-error-messages = Error Messages
+tr-dialog-tr-error-messages_reset = Reset Messages
+tr-dialog-tr-error-messages_discard = Discard
 
-specctra-dsn-loader = Specctra DSN file loader
-history-loader = History file loader
-invoker = Invoker
+tr-module-specctra-dsn-file-loader = Specctra DSN file loader
+tr-module-history-file-loader = History file loader
+tr-module-invoker = Invoker
 
-error-file-load = unable to read file
-error-file-specctra-dsn-parse = file failed to parse as Specctra DSN
-error-file-history-parse = file failed to parse as History JSON
-error-overlay-init = unable to initialize overlay
-error-autorouter-init = unable to initialize autorouter
+tr-error_unable-to-read-file = unable to read file
+tr-error_failed-to-parse-as-specctra-dsn = file failed to parse as Specctra DSN
+tr-error_failed-to-parse-as-history-json = file failed to parse as History JSON
+tr-error_unable-to-initialize-overlay = unable to initialize overlay
+tr-error_unable-to-initialize-autorouter = unable to initialize autorouter
diff --git a/locales/nl/main.ftl b/locales/nl/main.ftl
index 3e572b8..3e62ead 100644
--- a/locales/nl/main.ftl
+++ b/locales/nl/main.ftl
@@ -1,24 +1,24 @@
-menu-file = Bestand
-menu-debug = Debug
-action-export-ses = Sessiebestand exporteren
-action-export-cmd = Geschiedenis exporteren
-action-quit = Stop
-action-place-via = Plaats Via
-action-remove-bands = Banden verwijderen
-action-compare-detours = Vergelijk Omwegen
-action-undo = Ongedaan maken
-action-redo = Opnieuw doen
-show-navmesh = Toon Navmesh
-show-bboxes = Toon BBoxen
-action-open-dsn = Open
-action-autoroute = Automatische route
-action-import-cmd = Geschiedenis importeren
-show-ratsnest = Toon Rattennest
-show-origin-destination = Toon Herkomst-Bestemming
-specctra-session-file = Specctra-sessiebestand
-action-measure-length = Lengte meten
-menu-options = Opties
-menu-view = Bekijken
-menu-route = Route
-menu-edit = Bewerken
-menu-inspect = Inspecteren
+tr-menu-file = Bestand
+tr-menu-debug = Debug
+tr-menu-file-export-session-file = Sessiebestand exporteren
+tr-menu-file-export-history = Geschiedenis exporteren
+tr-menu-file-quit = Stop
+tr-menu-place-place-via = Plaats Via
+tr-menu-edit_remove-bands = Banden verwijderen
+tr-menu-inspect_compare-detours = Vergelijk Omwegen
+tr-menu-edit_undo = Ongedaan maken
+tr-menu-edit_redo = Opnieuw doen
+tr-menu-view_show-navmesh = Toon Navmesh
+tr-menu-view_show-bboxes = Toon BBoxen
+tr-menu-file-open = Open
+tr-menu-route-autoroute = Automatische route
+tr-menu-file-import-history = Geschiedenis importeren
+tr-menu-view_show-ratsnest = Toon Rattennest
+tr-menu-view_show-origin-destination = Toon Herkomst-Bestemming
+tr-menu-open_specctra-session-file = Specctra-sessiebestand
+tr-menu-inspect_measure-length = Lengte meten
+tr-menu-options = Opties
+tr-menu-view = Bekijken
+tr-menu-route = Route
+tr-menu-edit = Bewerken
+tr-menu-inspect = Inspecteren
diff --git a/locales/pl/main.ftl b/locales/pl/main.ftl
index 0581979..226f222 100644
--- a/locales/pl/main.ftl
+++ b/locales/pl/main.ftl
@@ -1,22 +1,22 @@
-action-place-via = Wstaw przelotkę
-menu-debug = Debuguj
-action-open-dsn = Otwórz
-action-export-cmd = Eksportuj historię
-action-autoroute = Autotrasuj
-action-remove-bands = Usuń taśmy
-action-measure-length = Zmierz długość
-action-undo = Cofnij
-show-ratsnest = Pokaż szczurze gniazdo
-specctra-session-file = Plik sesji Specctra
-menu-file = Plik
-action-redo = Ponów
-action-export-ses = Eksportuj plik sesji
-action-import-cmd = Importuj historię
-action-quit = Wyjdź
-action-compare-detours = Porównaj objazdy
-show-navmesh = Pokaż siatkę nawigacyjną
-show-bboxes = Pokaż obwiednie
-show-origin-destination = Pokaż pochodzenie i destynację
-menu-options = Opcje
-wrap-around-bands = Owiń wokół taśm
-squeeze-through-under-bands = Ściśnij pod taśmami
+tr-menu-place-place-via = Wstaw przelotkę
+tr-menu-debug = Debuguj
+tr-menu-file-open = Otwórz
+tr-menu-file-export-history = Eksportuj historię
+tr-menu-route-autoroute = Autotrasuj
+tr-menu-edit_remove-bands = Usuń taśmy
+tr-menu-inspect_measure-length = Zmierz długość
+tr-menu-edit_undo = Cofnij
+tr-menu-view_show-ratsnest = Pokaż szczurze gniazdo
+tr-menu-open_specctra-session-file = Plik sesji Specctra
+tr-menu-file = Plik
+tr-menu-edit_redo = Ponów
+tr-menu-file-export-session-file = Eksportuj plik sesji
+tr-menu-file-import-history = Importuj historię
+tr-menu-file-quit = Wyjdź
+tr-menu-inspect_compare-detours = Porównaj objazdy
+tr-menu-view_show-navmesh = Pokaż siatkę nawigacyjną
+tr-menu-view_show-bboxes = Pokaż obwiednie
+tr-menu-view_show-origin-destination = Pokaż pochodzenie i destynację
+tr-menu-options = Opcje
+tr-menu-route-options_wrap-around-bands = Owiń wokół taśm
+tr-menu-route-options_squeeze-through-under-bands = Ściśnij pod taśmami
diff --git a/src/bin/topola-egui/app.rs b/src/bin/topola-egui/app.rs
index 5c362c7..149be86 100644
--- a/src/bin/topola-egui/app.rs
+++ b/src/bin/topola-egui/app.rs
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ impl App {
             match self.load_specctra_dsn(input) {
                 Ok(()) => {}
                 Err(err) => {
-                    self.error_dialog.push_error("specctra-dsn-loader", err);
+                    self.error_dialog.push_error("tr-module-specctra-dsn-file-loader", err);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -122,15 +122,15 @@ impl App {
                         Ok(res) => invoker.replay(res),
                         Err(err) => {
                             self.error_dialog.push_error(
-                                "history-loader",
-                                format!("{}; {}", tr.text("error-file-history-parse"), err),
+                                "tr-module-history-file-loader",
+                                format!("{}; {}", tr.text("tr-error_failed-to-parse-as-history-json"), err),
                             );
                         }
                     },
                     Err(err) => {
                         self.error_dialog.push_error(
-                            "history-loader",
-                            format!("{}; {}", tr.text("error-file-load"), err),
+                            "tr-module-history-file-loader",
+                            format!("{}; {}", tr.text("tr-error_unable-to-read-file"), err),
                         );
                     }
                 }
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ impl App {
                     Ok(ActivityStatus::Running) => true,
                     Ok(ActivityStatus::Finished(..)) => false,
                     Err(err) => {
-                        self.error_dialog.push_error("invoker", format!("{}", err));
+                        self.error_dialog.push_error("tr-module-invoker", format!("{}", err));
                         false
                     }
                 };
@@ -156,15 +156,15 @@ impl App {
         input: std::io::Result<I>,
     ) -> Result<(), String> {
         let tr = &self.translator;
-        let bufread = input.map_err(|err| format!("{}; {}", tr.text("error-file-load"), err))?;
+        let bufread = input.map_err(|err| format!("{}; {}", tr.text("tr-error_unable-to-read-file"), err))?;
         let design = SpecctraDesign::load(bufread)
-            .map_err(|err| format!("{}; {}", tr.text("error-file-specctra-dsn-parse"), err))?;
+            .map_err(|err| format!("{}; {}", tr.text("tr-error_failed-to-parse-as-specctra-dsn"), err))?;
         let board = design.make_board();
         let overlay = Overlay::new(&board)
-            .map_err(|err| format!("{}; {}", tr.text("error-overlay-init"), err))?;
+            .map_err(|err| format!("{}; {}", tr.text("tr-error_unable-to-initialize-overlay"), err))?;
         let layers = Layers::new(&board);
         let autorouter = Autorouter::new(board)
-            .map_err(|err| format!("{}; {}", tr.text("error-autorouter-init"), err))?;
+            .map_err(|err| format!("{}; {}", tr.text("tr-error_unable-to-initialize-autorouter"), err))?;
         self.maybe_overlay = Some(overlay);
         self.maybe_layers = Some(layers);
         self.maybe_design = Some(design);
diff --git a/src/bin/topola-egui/error_dialog.rs b/src/bin/topola-egui/error_dialog.rs
index 3a5adf4..048d1d9 100644
--- a/src/bin/topola-egui/error_dialog.rs
+++ b/src/bin/topola-egui/error_dialog.rs
@@ -33,17 +33,17 @@ impl ErrorDialog {
 
     pub fn update(&mut self, ctx: &egui::Context, tr: &Translator) {
         let mut messages_cleared = false;
-        egui::Window::new(tr.text("title-error-messages"))
-            .id("error-messages-dialog".into())
+        egui::Window::new(tr.text("tr-dialog-tr-error-messages"))
+            .id("tr-error-messages-dialog".into())
             .open(&mut self.window_open)
             .scroll(true)
             .show(ctx, |ui| {
-                if ui.button(tr.text("reset-error-messages")).clicked() {
+                if ui.button(tr.text("tr-dialog-tr-error-messages_reset")).clicked() {
                     self.messages.clear();
                     messages_cleared = true;
                 }
 
-                egui::Grid::new("error-messages-grid").show(ui, |ui| {
+                egui::Grid::new("tr-error-messages-grid").show(ui, |ui| {
                     let mut messages_to_discard = BTreeSet::<usize>::new();
                     let style = Arc::clone(ui.style());
                     for (msg_id, msg) in self.messages.iter().enumerate() {
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ impl ErrorDialog {
 
                         // TODO: perhaps alternatively, use small icon instead?
                         //   (provide alt text in that case!)
-                        if ui.add(egui::Button::new(tr.text("discard-item"))).clicked() {
+                        if ui.add(egui::Button::new(tr.text("tr-dialog-tr-error-messages_discard"))).clicked() {
                             messages_to_discard.insert(msg_id);
                         }
                         ui.label(WidgetText::LayoutJob(loj));
diff --git a/src/bin/topola-egui/menu_bar.rs b/src/bin/topola-egui/menu_bar.rs
index 65166d4..e096858 100644
--- a/src/bin/topola-egui/menu_bar.rs
+++ b/src/bin/topola-egui/menu_bar.rs
@@ -68,67 +68,67 @@ impl MenuBar {
         maybe_design: &Option<SpecctraDesign>,
     ) -> Result<(), InvokerError> {
         let mut open_design = Trigger::new(Action::new(
-            tr.text("action-open-dsn"),
+            tr.text("tr-menu-file-open"),
             egui::Modifiers::CTRL,
             egui::Key::O,
         ));
         let mut export_session = Trigger::new(Action::new(
-            tr.text("action-export-ses"),
+            tr.text("tr-menu-file-export-session-file"),
             egui::Modifiers::CTRL,
             egui::Key::S,
         ));
         let mut import_history = Trigger::new(Action::new(
-            tr.text("action-import-cmd"),
+            tr.text("tr-menu-file-import-history"),
             egui::Modifiers::CTRL,
             egui::Key::I,
         ));
         let mut export_history = Trigger::new(Action::new(
-            tr.text("action-export-cmd"),
+            tr.text("tr-menu-file-export-history"),
             egui::Modifiers::CTRL,
             egui::Key::E,
         ));
         let mut quit = Trigger::new(Action::new(
-            tr.text("action-quit"),
+            tr.text("tr-menu-file-quit"),
             egui::Modifiers::CTRL,
             egui::Key::Q,
         ));
         let mut undo = Trigger::new(Action::new(
-            tr.text("action-undo"),
+            tr.text("tr-menu-edit_undo"),
             egui::Modifiers::CTRL,
             egui::Key::Z,
         ));
         let mut redo = Trigger::new(Action::new(
-            tr.text("action-redo"),
+            tr.text("tr-menu-edit_redo"),
             egui::Modifiers::CTRL,
             egui::Key::Y,
         ));
         let mut abort = Trigger::new(Action::new(
-            tr.text("action-abort"),
+            tr.text("tr-menu-edit_abort"),
             egui::Modifiers::NONE,
             egui::Key::Escape,
         ));
         let mut remove_bands = Trigger::new(Action::new(
-            tr.text("action-remove-bands"),
+            tr.text("tr-menu-edit_remove-bands"),
             egui::Modifiers::NONE,
             egui::Key::Delete,
         ));
         let mut place_via = Switch::new(Action::new(
-            tr.text("action-place-via"),
+            tr.text("tr-menu-place-place-via"),
             egui::Modifiers::CTRL,
             egui::Key::P,
         ));
         let mut autoroute = Trigger::new(Action::new(
-            tr.text("action-autoroute"),
+            tr.text("tr-menu-route-autoroute"),
             egui::Modifiers::CTRL,
             egui::Key::A,
         ));
         let mut compare_detours = Trigger::new(Action::new(
-            tr.text("action-compare-detours"),
+            tr.text("tr-menu-inspect_compare-detours"),
             egui::Modifiers::NONE,
             egui::Key::Minus,
         ));
         let mut measure_length = Trigger::new(Action::new(
-            tr.text("action-measure-length"),
+            tr.text("tr-menu-inspect_measure-length"),
             egui::Modifiers::NONE,
             egui::Key::Plus,
         ));
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ impl MenuBar {
         egui::TopBottomPanel::top("menu_bar")
             .show(ctx, |ui| {
                 egui::menu::bar(ui, |ui| {
-                    ui.menu_button(tr.text("menu-file"), |ui| {
+                    ui.menu_button(tr.text("tr-menu-file"), |ui| {
                         open_design.button(ctx, ui);
                         export_session.button(ctx, ui);
 
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ impl MenuBar {
                         }
                     });
 
-                    ui.menu_button(tr.text("menu-edit"), |ui| {
+                    ui.menu_button(tr.text("tr-menu-edit"), |ui| {
                         undo.button(ctx, ui);
                         redo.button(ctx, ui);
 
@@ -166,63 +166,63 @@ impl MenuBar {
                         remove_bands.button(ctx, ui);
                     });
 
-                    ui.menu_button(tr.text("menu-view"), |ui| {
+                    ui.menu_button(tr.text("tr-menu-view"), |ui| {
                         ui.toggle_value(
                             &mut viewport.scheduled_zoom_to_fit,
-                            tr.text("zoom-to-fit"),
+                            tr.text("tr-menu-view_zoom-to-fit"),
                         );
 
                         ui.separator();
 
-                        ui.checkbox(&mut self.show_ratsnest, tr.text("show-ratsnest"));
-                        ui.checkbox(&mut self.show_navmesh, tr.text("show-navmesh"));
-                        ui.checkbox(&mut self.show_bboxes, tr.text("show-bboxes"));
+                        ui.checkbox(&mut self.show_ratsnest, tr.text("tr-menu-view_show-ratsnest"));
+                        ui.checkbox(&mut self.show_navmesh, tr.text("tr-menu-view_show-navmesh"));
+                        ui.checkbox(&mut self.show_bboxes, tr.text("tr-menu-view_show-bboxes"));
                         ui.checkbox(
                             &mut self.show_origin_destination,
-                            tr.text("show-origin-destination"),
+                            tr.text("tr-menu-view_show-origin-destination"),
                         );
 
                         ui.separator();
 
-                        ui.checkbox(&mut self.show_layer_manager, tr.text("show-layer-manager"));
+                        ui.checkbox(&mut self.show_layer_manager, tr.text("tr-menu-view_show-layer-manager"));
 
                         ui.separator();
 
-                        ui.label(tr.text("frame-timestep"));
+                        ui.label(tr.text("tr-menu-view_frame-timestep"));
                         ui.add(
                             egui::widgets::Slider::new(&mut self.frame_timestep, 0.0..=3.0)
                                 .suffix(" s"),
                         );
                     });
 
-                    ui.menu_button(tr.text("menu-place"), |ui| {
+                    ui.menu_button(tr.text("tr-menu-place"), |ui| {
                         place_via.toggle_widget(ctx, ui, &mut self.is_placing_via);
                     });
 
-                    ui.menu_button(tr.text("menu-route"), |ui| {
+                    ui.menu_button(tr.text("tr-menu-route"), |ui| {
                         autoroute.button(ctx, ui);
                         ui.separator();
 
-                        ui.menu_button(tr.text("menu-options"), |ui| {
+                        ui.menu_button(tr.text("tr-menu-options"), |ui| {
                             ui.checkbox(
                                 &mut self.autorouter_options.presort_by_pairwise_detours,
-                                tr.text("presort-by-pairwise-detours"),
+                                tr.text("tr-menu-route-options_presort-by-pairwise-detours"),
                             );
                             ui.checkbox(
                                 &mut self
                                     .autorouter_options
                                     .router_options
                                     .squeeze_through_under_bands,
-                                tr.text("squeeze-through-under-bands"),
+                                tr.text("tr-menu-route-options_squeeze-through-under-bands"),
                             );
                             ui.checkbox(
                                 &mut self.autorouter_options.router_options.wrap_around_bands,
-                                tr.text("wrap-around-bands"),
+                                tr.text("tr-menu-route-options_wrap-around-bands"),
                             );
                         });
                     });
 
-                    ui.menu_button(tr.text("menu-inspect"), |ui| {
+                    ui.menu_button(tr.text("tr-menu-inspect"), |ui| {
                         compare_detours.button(ctx, ui);
                         measure_length.button(ctx, ui);
                     });
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@ impl MenuBar {
                                 }
                             }
                             let task = dialog
-                                .add_filter(tr.text("specctra-session-file"), &["ses"])
+                                .add_filter(tr.text("tr-menu-open_specctra-session-file"), &["ses"])
                                 .save_file();
 
                             execute(async move {