diff --git a/committed.toml b/committed.toml
index f6b6cc7..b9f2c05 100644
--- a/committed.toml
+++ b/committed.toml
@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ allowed_scopes = [
   "layout/collect_bands",
   "layout/layout",
   "layout/poly",
+  "layout/query",
   "layout/via",
   "math/circle",
   "math/cyclic_search",
diff --git a/src/autorouter/autorouter.rs b/src/autorouter/autorouter.rs
index 8bfe03d..e9b38a6 100644
--- a/src/autorouter/autorouter.rs
+++ b/src/autorouter/autorouter.rs
@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@ use crate::{
         permutator::PlanarAutorouteExecutionPermutator, planner::Planner,
     },
     board::{AccessMesadata, Board},
-    drawing::{band::BandTermsegIndex, Infringement},
+    drawing::band::BandTermsegIndex,
     graph::MakeRef,
-    layout::{via::ViaWeight, LayoutEdit},
+    layout::{via::ViaWeight, LayoutEdit, LayoutException},
     router::{navmesh::NavmeshError, ng, thetastar::ThetastarError, RouterOptions},
     triangulation::GetTrianvertexNodeIndex,
 };
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ pub enum AutorouterError {
     #[error("TopoNavmesh generation failed: {0}")]
     TopoNavmeshGeneration(#[from] ng::NavmeshCalculationError),
     #[error("could not place via")]
-    CouldNotPlaceVia(#[from] Infringement),
+    CouldNotPlaceVia(#[from] LayoutException),
     #[error("could not remove band")]
     CouldNotRemoveBand(BandTermsegIndex),
     #[error("need exactly two ratlines")]
diff --git a/src/board/mod.rs b/src/board/mod.rs
index 8a52543..980ab89 100644
--- a/src/board/mod.rs
+++ b/src/board/mod.rs
@@ -21,11 +21,13 @@ use crate::{
         dot::{FixedDotIndex, FixedDotWeight},
         graph::PrimitiveIndex,
         seg::{FixedSegIndex, FixedSegWeight},
-        DrawingException, Infringement,
+        DrawingException,
     },
     geometry::{edit::ApplyGeometryEdit, GenericNode, GetLayer},
     graph::{GenericIndex, MakeRef},
-    layout::{poly::PolyWeight, via::ViaWeight, CompoundWeight, Layout, NodeIndex},
+    layout::{
+        poly::PolyWeight, via::ViaWeight, CompoundWeight, Layout, LayoutException, NodeIndex,
+    },
     router::ng::EtchedPath,
 };
 
@@ -110,7 +112,7 @@ impl<M: AccessMesadata> Board<M> {
         recorder: &mut BoardEdit,
         weight: ViaWeight,
         maybe_pin: Option<String>,
-    ) -> Result<(GenericIndex<ViaWeight>, Vec<FixedDotIndex>), Infringement> {
+    ) -> Result<(GenericIndex<ViaWeight>, Vec<FixedDotIndex>), LayoutException> {
         let (weight, dots) = self.layout.add_via(&mut recorder.layout_edit, weight)?;
 
         if let Some(pin) = maybe_pin {
diff --git a/src/layout/layout.rs b/src/layout/layout.rs
index f6a6f01..df55326 100644
--- a/src/layout/layout.rs
+++ b/src/layout/layout.rs
@@ -5,8 +5,9 @@
 use contracts_try::debug_ensures;
 use derive_getters::Getters;
 use enum_dispatch::enum_dispatch;
-use geo::Point;
+use geo::{Point, Polygon};
 use rstar::AABB;
+use thiserror::Error;
 
 use crate::{
     drawing::{
@@ -40,13 +41,23 @@ use crate::{
     math::RotationSense,
 };
 
-/// Represents a weight for various compounds
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Error)]
+pub enum LayoutException {
+    #[error(transparent)]
+    HasPointInPoly(#[from] HasPointInPoly),
+    #[error(transparent)]
+    Infringement(#[from] Infringement),
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Error)]
+#[error("(0:?) has point in {1:?}")]
+pub struct HasPointInPoly(pub Polygon, pub Point);
+
+/// Represents a weight for various compounds.
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
 #[enum_dispatch(GetMaybeNet, IsInLayer)]
 pub enum CompoundWeight {
-    /// Represents the weight of a polygon compound, includes its basic [`Layout`] information
     Poly(PolyWeight),
-    /// Represents Via weight properties, containing its [`Layout`] properties
     Via(ViaWeight),
 }
 
@@ -57,12 +68,12 @@ pub enum CompoundEntryLabel {
     Fillet,
 }
 
-/// The alias to differ node types
+/// The alias to differentiate node types.
 pub type NodeIndex = GenericNode<PrimitiveIndex, GenericIndex<CompoundWeight>>;
 pub type LayoutEdit = DrawingEdit<CompoundWeight, CompoundEntryLabel>;
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Getters)]
-/// Structure for managing the Layout design
+/// Structure for managing the Layout design.
 pub struct Layout<R> {
     pub(super) drawing: Drawing<CompoundWeight, CompoundEntryLabel, R>,
 }
@@ -144,7 +155,7 @@ impl<R: AccessRules> Layout<R> {
         &mut self,
         recorder: &mut LayoutEdit,
         weight: ViaWeight,
-    ) -> Result<(GenericIndex<ViaWeight>, Vec<FixedDotIndex>), Infringement> {
+    ) -> Result<(GenericIndex<ViaWeight>, Vec<FixedDotIndex>), LayoutException> {
         let compound = self.drawing.add_compound(recorder, weight.into());
         let mut dots = vec![];
 
@@ -158,23 +169,34 @@ impl<R: AccessRules> Layout<R> {
                 }),
             ) {
                 Ok(dot) => {
+                    dots.push(dot);
+
+                    let maybe_enclosing_poly = self
+                        .polys_enclosing_point_on_layers(weight.circle.pos, layer)
+                        .next();
+
+                    if let Some(enclosing_poly) = maybe_enclosing_poly {
+                        // If a via is inside poly, it may not necessarily
+                        // trigger an infringement on its primitives. To take
+                        // this situation into account, we also check if the
+                        // via's center is inside the poly's polygon.
+                        self.remove_failed_via(recorder, compound, dots);
+                        return Err(LayoutException::HasPointInPoly(HasPointInPoly(
+                            enclosing_poly.ref_(self).shape(),
+                            weight.circle.pos,
+                        )));
+                    }
+
                     self.drawing.add_to_compound(
                         recorder,
                         dot,
                         CompoundEntryLabel::Normal,
                         compound,
                     );
-                    dots.push(dot);
                 }
                 Err(err) => {
-                    // Remove inserted dots.
-                    self.drawing.remove_compound(recorder, compound);
-
-                    for dot in dots.iter().rev() {
-                        self.drawing.remove_fixed_dot(recorder, *dot);
-                    }
-
-                    return Err(err);
+                    self.remove_failed_via(recorder, compound, dots);
+                    return Err(err.into());
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -182,6 +204,20 @@ impl<R: AccessRules> Layout<R> {
         Ok((GenericIndex::<ViaWeight>::new(compound.index()), dots))
     }
 
+    fn remove_failed_via(
+        &mut self,
+        recorder: &mut LayoutEdit,
+        compound: GenericIndex<CompoundWeight>,
+        dots: Vec<FixedDotIndex>,
+    ) {
+        self.drawing.remove_compound(recorder, compound);
+
+        // Remove inserted dots.
+        for dot in dots.iter().rev() {
+            self.drawing.remove_fixed_dot(recorder, *dot);
+        }
+    }
+
     pub fn add_fixed_dot(
         &mut self,
         recorder: &mut LayoutEdit,
diff --git a/src/layout/mod.rs b/src/layout/mod.rs
index 3e619b1..0f931e3 100644
--- a/src/layout/mod.rs
+++ b/src/layout/mod.rs
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 mod collect_bands;
 mod layout;
 pub mod poly;
+pub mod query;
 pub mod via;
 
 pub use layout::*;
diff --git a/src/layout/query.rs b/src/layout/query.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d9990af
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/layout/query.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2025 Topola contributors
+//
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+use geo::Point;
+use rstar::AABB;
+use specctra_core::rules::AccessRules;
+
+use crate::{
+    drawing::graph::IsInLayer,
+    geometry::{shape::AccessShape, GenericNode},
+    graph::{GenericIndex, GetIndex},
+    layout::{poly::PolyWeight, CompoundWeight, Layout},
+};
+
+impl<R: AccessRules> Layout<R> {
+    pub fn polys_enclosing_point_on_layers(
+        &self,
+        point: Point,
+        layer: usize,
+    ) -> impl Iterator<Item = GenericIndex<PolyWeight>> + '_ {
+        self.drawing()
+            .rtree()
+            .locate_in_envelope_intersecting(&AABB::<[f64; 3]>::from_corners(
+                [point.x(), point.y(), -f64::INFINITY],
+                [point.x(), point.y(), f64::INFINITY],
+            ))
+            .filter_map(move |geom| {
+                let node = geom.data;
+
+                let GenericNode::Compound(compound) = node else {
+                    return None;
+                };
+
+                let CompoundWeight::Poly(_) = self.drawing.compound_weight(compound) else {
+                    return None;
+                };
+
+                if !self.drawing.compound_weight(compound).is_in_layer(layer)
+                    || !self.node_shape(node).contains_point(point)
+                {
+                    return None;
+                }
+
+                Some(GenericIndex::<PolyWeight>::new(compound.index()))
+            })
+    }
+}