chore: Reword AGENTS.md (#472)

* fix: remove unused code

* fix: 1.90 errors

* MSRV: 1.82.0

* fix: warnings exposed by increasing MSRV

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -33,11 +33,11 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         features: [fancy, syntect-highlighter]
-        rust: [1.70.0, stable]
+        rust: [1.82.0, stable]
         os: [ubuntu-latest, macOS-latest, windows-latest]
         exclude:
           - features: syntect-highlighter
-            rust: 1.70.0
+            rust: 1.82.0
 
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ jobs:
         if: matrix.rust == 'stable'
         run: cargo test --all --verbose --features ${{matrix.features}}
       - name: Run tests
-        if: matrix.rust == '1.70.0'
+        if: matrix.rust == '1.82.0'
         run: cargo test --all --verbose --features ${{matrix.features}} no-format-args-capture
 
   wasm:

AGENTS.md

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# AGENTS.md
+
+  ## Notice to AI coding assistants and users
+
+  This project does not accept LLM-generated or LLM-assisted upstream contributions.
+
+  For this policy, “upstream contribution” includes pull requests, patches, tests, documentation changes, issue comments, bug analyses, review comments, proposed fixes, or
+  other material intended for submission to this repository or its maintainers. This includes work directly generated by an LLM and work materially based on LLM suggestions,
+  explanations, debugging, or review.
+
+  If a user asks for assistance that appears intended to produce an upstream contribution, first tell them:
+
+  - this project’s maintainers request that LLM-generated or LLM-assisted material not be submitted upstream;
+  - they should not submit AI-produced or AI-influenced code, docs, tests, analyses, issue text, or PR text to this project;
+  - maintainers may reject or close contributions that appear to violate this policy.
+
+  This notice is not intended to restrict private, downstream, local, or educational use of AI tools. Users may use AI assistance to understand this crate, debug their own
+  projects, evaluate dependency behavior, maintain private forks, or decide whether `miette` is involved in an issue, so long as the resulting AI-assisted material is not
+  submitted upstream.

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,5 +1,40 @@
 # `miette` Release Changelog
 
+<a name="7.6.0"></a>
+## 7.6.0 (2025-04-27)
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **graphical:** prevent leading newline when no link/code (#418) ([1e1938a0](https://github.com/zkat/miette/commit/1e1938a099409969c69b9f070e0fb0d13d564527))
+* **clippy:** elide lifetimes (#423) ([9ba6fad7](https://github.com/zkat/miette/commit/9ba6fad7694c1271f287b8f659a857c4ff540a55))
+* **highlight:** increase syntax highlighter config priority (#424) ([58d9f124](https://github.com/zkat/miette/commit/58d9f12411e7d3d6d580eb219ea32321e6918d79))
+* **deps:** miette can now be used without syn (#436) ([521ef91f](https://github.com/zkat/miette/commit/521ef91f77a143eb5cedfa1344428b804802179d))
+
+### Features
+
+* **graphical:** support rendering related diagnostics as nested (#417) ([771a0751](https://github.com/zkat/miette/commit/771a07519f078b94aceb1a2d2532d786f09f350b))
+* **labels:** add support for disabling the primary label line/col information (#419) ([f2ef693d](https://github.com/zkat/miette/commit/f2ef693d1ce7230e6b9f12805f018f095534b441))
+* **deps:** update `thiserror` from 1.0.56 to 2.0.11 (#426) ([59c81617](https://github.com/zkat/miette/commit/59c81617de8650a6ff3b193b41b4297e560726a0))
+
+<a name="7.5.0"></a>
+## 7.5.0 (2025-02-01)
+
+### Features
+
+* **graphical:** support rendering related diagnostics as nested (#417) ([771a0751](https://github.com/zkat/miette/commit/771a07519f078b94aceb1a2d2532d786f09f350b))
+
+### Bug Fixes
+
+* **graphical:** prevent leading newline when no link/code (#418) ([1e1938a0](https://github.com/zkat/miette/commit/1e1938a099409969c69b9f070e0fb0d13d564527))
+
+<a name="7.4.0"></a>
+## 7.4.0 (2024-11-27)
+
+### Features
+
+* **graphical:** Inherit source code to causes (#401) ([465e6b6a](https://github.com/zkat/miette/commit/465e6b6ab627f8da34baa5f46441d944fb88186e))
+* **report:** Implement `WrapError` for `Option` (#409) ([7fae60fd](https://github.com/zkat/miette/commit/7fae60fd8462f95cf3140c6a3b9eb06cb7953405))
+
 <a name="7.3.0"></a>
 ## 7.3.0 (2024-11-26)
 

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "miette"
-version = "7.3.0"
+version = "7.6.0"
 authors = ["Kat Marchán <kzm@zkat.tech>"]
 description = "Fancy diagnostic reporting library and protocol for us mere mortals who aren't compiler hackers."
 categories = ["rust-patterns"]
@@ -9,13 +9,12 @@ documentation = "https://docs.rs/miette"
 license = "Apache-2.0"
 readme = "README.md"
 edition = "2018"
-rust-version = "1.70.0"
+rust-version = "1.82.0"
 exclude = ["images/", "tests/", "miette-derive/"]
 
 [dependencies]
-thiserror = "1.0.56"
-miette-derive = { path = "miette-derive", version = "=7.3.0", optional = true }
-unicode-width = "0.1.11"
+miette-derive = { path = "miette-derive", version = "=7.6.0", optional = true }
+unicode-width = "0.2.0"
 cfg-if = "1.0.0"
 
 owo-colors = { version = "4.0.0", optional = true }
@@ -30,6 +29,7 @@ serde = { version = "1.0.196", features = ["derive"], optional = true }
 syntect = { version = "5.1.0", optional = true }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
+thiserror = "2.0.11"
 semver = "1.0.21"
 
 # Eyre devdeps
@@ -37,9 +37,8 @@ futures = { version = "0.3", default-features = false }
 indenter = "0.3.3"
 rustversion = "1.0"
 trybuild = { version = "1.0.89", features = ["diff"] }
-syn = { version = "2.0.48", features = ["full"] }
+syn = { version = "2.0.87", features = ["full"] }
 regex = "1.10"
-lazy_static = "1.4"
 
 serde = { version = "1.0.196", features = ["derive"] }
 serde_json = "1.0.113"

README.md

@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ diagnostic error code: ruget::api::bad_json
   - [... handler options](#-handler-options)
   - [... dynamic diagnostics](#-dynamic-diagnostics)
   - [... syntax highlighting](#-syntax-highlighting)
+  - [... primary label](#-primary-label)
   - [... collection of labels](#-collection-of-labels)
 - [Acknowledgements](#acknowledgements)
 - [License](#license)
@@ -100,7 +101,7 @@ You can derive a `Diagnostic` from any `std::error::Error` type.
 
 `thiserror` is a great way to define them, and plays nicely with `miette`!
 */
-use miette::{Diagnostic, SourceSpan};
+use miette::{Diagnostic, NamedSource, SourceSpan};
 use thiserror::Error;
 
 #[derive(Error, Debug, Diagnostic)]
@@ -127,7 +128,7 @@ Use this `Result` type (or its expanded version) as the return type
 throughout your app (but NOT your libraries! Those should always return
 concrete types!).
 */
-use miette::{NamedSource, Result};
+use miette::Result;
 fn this_fails() -> Result<()> {
     // You can use plain strings as a `Source`, or anything that implements
     // the one-method `Source` trait.
@@ -210,6 +211,17 @@ pub enum MyLibError {
     // Use `#[diagnostic(transparent)]` to wrap another [`Diagnostic`]. You won't see labels otherwise
     #[diagnostic(transparent)]
     AnotherError(#[from] AnotherError),
+
+    /// Forward the diagnostic to a particular field.
+    #[error("other error")]
+    #[diagnostic(forward(the_actual_diagnostic))]
+    EvenMoreData {
+        unrelated_field_1: String,
+        unrelated_field_2: usize,
+
+        #[source]
+        the_actual_diagnostic: AnotherError,
+    }
 }
 
 #[derive(Error, Diagnostic, Debug)]
@@ -266,7 +278,7 @@ pub fn some_tool() -> Result<Version> {
 }
 ```
 
-To construct your own simple adhoc error use the [miette!] macro:
+To construct your own simple adhoc error use the [`miette!`] macro:
 ```rust
 // my_app/lib/my_internal_file.rs
 use miette::{miette, Result};
@@ -689,6 +701,37 @@ trait to [`MietteHandlerOpts`] by calling the
 [`with_syntax_highlighting`](MietteHandlerOpts::with_syntax_highlighting)
 method. See the [`highlighters`] module docs for more details.
 
+#### ... primary label
+
+You can use the `primary` parameter to `label` to indicate that the label
+is the primary label.
+
+```rust
+#[derive(Debug, Diagnostic, Error)]
+#[error("oops!")]
+struct MyError {
+    #[label(primary, "main issue")]
+    primary_span: SourceSpan,
+
+    #[label("other label")]
+    other_span: SourceSpan,
+}
+```
+
+The `primary` parameter can be used at most once:
+
+```rust
+#[derive(Debug, Diagnostic, Error)]
+#[error("oops!")]
+struct MyError {
+    #[label(primary, "main issue")]
+    primary_span: SourceSpan,
+
+    #[label(primary, "other label")] // Error: Cannot have more than one primary label.
+    other_span: SourceSpan,
+}
+```
+
 #### ... collection of labels
 
 When the number of labels is unknown, you can use a collection of `SourceSpan`
@@ -742,7 +785,7 @@ println!("{:?}", report.with_source_code("About something or another or yet anot
 
 ### MSRV
 
-This crate requires rustc 1.70.0 or later.
+This crate requires rustc 1.82.0 or later.
 
 ### Acknowledgements
 

clippy.toml

@@ -1 +1 @@
-msrv = "1.70.0"
+msrv = "1.82.0"

miette-derive/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "miette-derive"
-version = "7.3.0"
+version = "7.6.0"
 authors = ["Kat Marchán <kzm@zkat.tech>"]
 edition = "2018"
 license = "Apache-2.0"
@@ -11,6 +11,6 @@ repository = "https://github.com/zkat/miette"
 proc-macro = true
 
 [dependencies]
-proc-macro2 = "1.0.78"
+proc-macro2 = "1.0.83"
 quote = "1.0.35"
-syn = "2.0.48"
+syn = "2.0.87"

miette-derive/src/forward.rs

@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ impl Forward {
                 Self::#variant { #field_name, .. } => #field_name.#method_call,
             },
             Forward::Unnamed(index) => {
-                let underscores: Vec<_> = core::iter::repeat(quote! { _, }).take(*index).collect();
+                let underscores: Vec<_> = std::iter::repeat_n(quote! { _, }, *index).collect();
                 let unnamed = format_ident!("unnamed");
                 quote! {
                     Self::#variant ( #(#underscores)* #unnamed, .. ) => #unnamed.#method_call,

miette-derive/src/utils.rs

@@ -1,40 +1,6 @@
 use proc_macro2::TokenStream;
-use quote::{format_ident, quote, ToTokens};
-use syn::{
-    parse::{Parse, ParseStream},
-    spanned::Spanned,
-};
-
-pub(crate) enum MemberOrString {
-    Member(syn::Member),
-    String(syn::LitStr),
-}
-
-impl ToTokens for MemberOrString {
-    fn to_tokens(&self, tokens: &mut TokenStream) {
-        use MemberOrString::*;
-        match self {
-            Member(member) => member.to_tokens(tokens),
-            String(string) => string.to_tokens(tokens),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl Parse for MemberOrString {
-    fn parse(input: ParseStream) -> syn::Result<Self> {
-        let lookahead = input.lookahead1();
-        if lookahead.peek(syn::Ident) || lookahead.peek(syn::LitInt) {
-            Ok(MemberOrString::Member(input.parse()?))
-        } else if lookahead.peek(syn::LitStr) {
-            Ok(MemberOrString::String(input.parse()?))
-        } else {
-            Err(syn::Error::new(
-                input.span(),
-                "Expected a string or a field reference.",
-            ))
-        }
-    }
-}
+use quote::{format_ident, quote};
+use syn::spanned::Spanned;
 
 use crate::{
     diagnostic::{DiagnosticConcreteArgs, DiagnosticDef},

src/diagnostic_chain.rs

@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ impl<'a> ErrorKind<'a> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a> std::fmt::Debug for ErrorKind<'a> {
+impl std::fmt::Debug for ErrorKind<'_> {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
         match self {
             ErrorKind::Diagnostic(d) => d.fmt(f),
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ impl<'a> std::fmt::Debug for ErrorKind<'a> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a> std::fmt::Display for ErrorKind<'a> {
+impl std::fmt::Display for ErrorKind<'_> {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
         match self {
             ErrorKind::Diagnostic(d) => d.fmt(f),

src/error.rs

@@ -1,25 +1,51 @@
-use std::{fmt, io};
-
-use thiserror::Error;
+use std::{
+    error::Error,
+    fmt::{self, Display},
+    io,
+};
 
 use crate::Diagnostic;
 
 /**
 Error enum for miette. Used by certain operations in the protocol.
 */
-#[derive(Debug, Error)]
+#[derive(Debug)]
 pub enum MietteError {
     /// Wrapper around [`std::io::Error`]. This is returned when something went
     /// wrong while reading a [`SourceCode`](crate::SourceCode).
-    #[error(transparent)]
-    IoError(#[from] io::Error),
+    IoError(io::Error),
 
     /// Returned when a [`SourceSpan`](crate::SourceSpan) extends beyond the
     /// bounds of a given [`SourceCode`](crate::SourceCode).
-    #[error("The given offset is outside the bounds of its Source")]
     OutOfBounds,
 }
 
+impl Display for MietteError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            MietteError::IoError(error) => write!(f, "{error}"),
+            MietteError::OutOfBounds => {
+                write!(f, "The given offset is outside the bounds of its Source")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Error for MietteError {
+    fn source(&self) -> Option<&(dyn Error + 'static)> {
+        match self {
+            MietteError::IoError(error) => error.source(),
+            MietteError::OutOfBounds => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<io::Error> for MietteError {
+    fn from(value: io::Error) -> Self {
+        Self::IoError(value)
+    }
+}
+
 impl Diagnostic for MietteError {
     fn code<'a>(&'a self) -> Option<Box<dyn fmt::Display + 'a>> {
         match self {
@@ -49,3 +75,51 @@ impl Diagnostic for MietteError {
         )))
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+pub(crate) mod tests {
+    use std::{error::Error, io::ErrorKind};
+
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[derive(Debug)]
+    pub(crate) struct TestError(pub(crate) io::Error);
+
+    impl Display for TestError {
+        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+            write!(f, "testing, testing...")
+        }
+    }
+
+    impl Error for TestError {
+        fn source(&self) -> Option<&(dyn Error + 'static)> {
+            Some(&self.0)
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn io_error() {
+        let inner_error = io::Error::new(ErrorKind::Other, "halt and catch fire");
+        let outer_error = TestError(inner_error);
+        let io_error = io::Error::new(ErrorKind::Other, outer_error);
+
+        let miette_error = MietteError::from(io_error);
+
+        assert_eq!(miette_error.to_string(), "testing, testing...");
+        assert_eq!(
+            miette_error.source().unwrap().to_string(),
+            "halt and catch fire"
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn out_of_bounds() {
+        let miette_error = MietteError::OutOfBounds;
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            miette_error.to_string(),
+            "The given offset is outside the bounds of its Source"
+        );
+        assert_eq!(miette_error.source().map(ToString::to_string), None);
+    }
+}

src/eyreish/context.rs

@@ -38,6 +38,44 @@ mod ext {
     }
 }
 
+impl<T> WrapErr<T, std::convert::Infallible> for Option<T> {
+    fn wrap_err<D>(self, msg: D) -> Result<T, Report>
+    where
+        D: Display + Send + Sync + 'static,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Some(t) => Ok(t),
+            None => Err(Report::from(crate::eyreish::wrapper::DisplayError(msg))),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn wrap_err_with<D, F>(self, msg: F) -> Result<T, Report>
+    where
+        D: Display + Send + Sync + 'static,
+        F: FnOnce() -> D,
+    {
+        match self {
+            Some(t) => Ok(t),
+            None => Err(Report::from(crate::eyreish::wrapper::DisplayError(msg()))),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn context<D>(self, msg: D) -> Result<T, Report>
+    where
+        D: Display + Send + Sync + 'static,
+    {
+        self.wrap_err(msg)
+    }
+
+    fn with_context<D, F>(self, msg: F) -> Result<T, Report>
+    where
+        D: Display + Send + Sync + 'static,
+        F: FnOnce() -> D,
+    {
+        self.wrap_err_with(msg)
+    }
+}
+
 impl<T, E> WrapErr<T, E> for Result<T, E>
 where
     E: ext::Diag + Send + Sync + 'static,

src/eyreish/error.rs

@@ -280,7 +280,7 @@ impl Report {
     /// The root cause is the last error in the iterator produced by
     /// [`chain()`](Report::chain).
     pub fn root_cause(&self) -> &(dyn StdError + 'static) {
-        self.chain().last().unwrap()
+        self.chain().next_back().unwrap()
     }
 
     /// Returns true if `E` is the type held by this error object.

src/eyreish/into_diagnostic.rs

@@ -1,12 +1,24 @@
-use thiserror::Error;
+use std::{error::Error, fmt::Display};
 
 use crate::{Diagnostic, Report};
 
 /// Convenience [`Diagnostic`] that can be used as an "anonymous" wrapper for
 /// Errors. This is intended to be paired with [`IntoDiagnostic`].
-#[derive(Debug, Error)]
-#[error(transparent)]
+#[derive(Debug)]
 pub(crate) struct DiagnosticError(pub(crate) Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync + 'static>);
+
+impl Display for DiagnosticError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        let msg = &self.0;
+        write!(f, "{msg}")
+    }
+}
+impl Error for DiagnosticError {
+    fn source(&self) -> Option<&(dyn Error + 'static)> {
+        self.0.source()
+    }
+}
+
 impl Diagnostic for DiagnosticError {}
 
 /**
@@ -31,3 +43,26 @@ impl<T, E: std::error::Error + Send + Sync + 'static> IntoDiagnostic<T, E> for R
         self.map_err(|e| DiagnosticError(Box::new(e)).into())
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use std::io::{self, ErrorKind};
+
+    use super::*;
+
+    use crate::error::tests::TestError;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn diagnostic_error() {
+        let inner_error = io::Error::new(ErrorKind::Other, "halt and catch fire");
+        let outer_error: Result<(), _> = Err(TestError(inner_error));
+
+        let diagnostic_error = outer_error.into_diagnostic().unwrap_err();
+
+        assert_eq!(diagnostic_error.to_string(), "testing, testing...");
+        assert_eq!(
+            diagnostic_error.source().unwrap().to_string(),
+            "halt and catch fire"
+        );
+    }
+}

src/eyreish/mod.rs

@@ -172,11 +172,7 @@ pub trait ReportHandler: core::any::Any + Send + Sync {
     ///     }
     /// }
     /// ```
-    fn debug(
-        &self,
-        error: &(dyn Diagnostic),
-        f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>,
-    ) -> core::fmt::Result;
+    fn debug(&self, error: &dyn Diagnostic, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result;
 
     /// Override for the `Display` format
     fn display(

src/eyreish/ptr.rs

@@ -69,9 +69,9 @@ where
     lifetime: PhantomData<&'a T>,
 }
 
-impl<'a, T> Copy for Ref<'a, T> where T: ?Sized {}
+impl<T> Copy for Ref<'_, T> where T: ?Sized {}
 
-impl<'a, T> Clone for Ref<'a, T>
+impl<T> Clone for Ref<'_, T>
 where
     T: ?Sized,
 {
@@ -132,9 +132,9 @@ where
     lifetime: PhantomData<&'a mut T>,
 }
 
-impl<'a, T> Copy for Mut<'a, T> where T: ?Sized {}
+impl<T> Copy for Mut<'_, T> where T: ?Sized {}
 
-impl<'a, T> Clone for Mut<'a, T>
+impl<T> Clone for Mut<'_, T>
 where
     T: ?Sized,
 {
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a, T> Mut<'a, T> {
+impl<T> Mut<'_, T> {
     pub(crate) unsafe fn read(self) -> T {
         self.ptr.as_ptr().read()
     }

src/eyreish/wrapper.rs

@@ -6,6 +6,30 @@ use crate::{Diagnostic, LabeledSpan, Report, SourceCode};
 
 use crate as miette;
 
+#[repr(transparent)]
+pub(crate) struct DisplayError<M>(pub(crate) M);
+
+impl<M> Debug for DisplayError<M>
+where
+    M: Display,
+{
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        Display::fmt(&self.0, f)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<M> Display for DisplayError<M>
+where
+    M: Display,
+{
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        Display::fmt(&self.0, f)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<M> StdError for DisplayError<M> where M: Display + 'static {}
+impl<M> Diagnostic for DisplayError<M> where M: Display + 'static {}
+
 #[repr(transparent)]
 pub(crate) struct MessageError<M>(pub(crate) M);
 

src/handler.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-use std::fmt;
-
 use crate::highlighters::Highlighter;
 use crate::highlighters::MietteHighlighter;
 use crate::protocol::Diagnostic;
@@ -9,6 +7,8 @@ use crate::NarratableReportHandler;
 use crate::ReportHandler;
 use crate::ThemeCharacters;
 use crate::ThemeStyles;
+use cfg_if::cfg_if;
+use std::fmt;
 
 /// Settings to control the color format used for graphical rendering.
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, Default)]
@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ pub struct MietteHandlerOpts {
     pub(crate) word_separator: Option<textwrap::WordSeparator>,
     pub(crate) word_splitter: Option<textwrap::WordSplitter>,
     pub(crate) highlighter: Option<MietteHighlighter>,
+    pub(crate) show_related_as_nested: Option<bool>,
 }
 
 impl MietteHandlerOpts {
@@ -98,7 +99,9 @@ impl MietteHandlerOpts {
     /// Setting this option will not force color output. In all cases, the
     /// current color configuration via
     /// [`color()`](MietteHandlerOpts::color()) takes precedence over
-    /// highlighter configuration.
+    /// highlighter configuration. However, this option does take precedence over
+    /// [`rgb_colors()`](MietteHandlerOpts::rgb_colors()) (meaning syntax highlighting will be
+    /// enabled regardless of the value of [`MietteHandlerOpts::rgb_colors`]).
     pub fn with_syntax_highlighting(
         mut self,
         highlighter: impl Highlighter + Send + Sync + 'static,
@@ -167,6 +170,18 @@ impl MietteHandlerOpts {
         self
     }
 
+    /// Show related errors as siblings.
+    pub fn show_related_errors_as_siblings(mut self) -> Self {
+        self.show_related_as_nested = Some(false);
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Show related errors as nested errors.
+    pub fn show_related_errors_as_nested(mut self) -> Self {
+        self.show_related_as_nested = Some(true);
+        self
+    }
+
     /// If true, colors will be used during graphical rendering, regardless
     /// of whether or not the terminal supports them.
     ///
@@ -190,6 +205,8 @@ impl MietteHandlerOpts {
     /// first place. That is handled by the [`MietteHandlerOpts::color`]
     /// setting. If colors are not being used, the value of `rgb_colors` has
     /// no effect.
+    ///
+    /// It also does not control colors when a syntax highlighter is in use.
     pub fn rgb_colors(mut self, color: RgbColors) -> Self {
         self.rgb_colors = color;
         self
@@ -279,31 +296,13 @@ impl MietteHandlerOpts {
             } else {
                 ThemeStyles::none()
             };
-            #[cfg(not(feature = "syntect-highlighter"))]
-            let highlighter = self.highlighter.unwrap_or_else(MietteHighlighter::nocolor);
-            #[cfg(feature = "syntect-highlighter")]
-            let highlighter = if self.color == Some(false) {
-                MietteHighlighter::nocolor()
-            } else if self.color == Some(true) || syscall::supports_color() {
-                match self.highlighter {
-                    Some(highlighter) => highlighter,
-                    None => match self.rgb_colors {
-                        // Because the syntect highlighter currently only supports 24-bit truecolor,
-                        // respect RgbColor::Never by disabling the highlighter.
-                        // TODO: In the future, find a way to convert the RGB syntect theme
-                        // into an ANSI color theme.
-                        RgbColors::Never => MietteHighlighter::nocolor(),
-                        _ => MietteHighlighter::syntect_truecolor(),
-                    },
-                }
-            } else {
-                MietteHighlighter::nocolor()
-            };
+            let highlighter_opt =
+                HighlighterOption::select(self.color, self.highlighter, syscall::supports_color());
             let theme = self.theme.unwrap_or(GraphicalTheme { characters, styles });
             let mut handler = GraphicalReportHandler::new_themed(theme)
                 .with_width(width)
                 .with_links(linkify);
-            handler.highlighter = highlighter;
+            handler.highlighter = highlighter_opt.into();
             if let Some(with_cause_chain) = self.with_cause_chain {
                 if with_cause_chain {
                     handler = handler.with_cause_chain();
@@ -332,6 +331,9 @@ impl MietteHandlerOpts {
             if let Some(s) = self.word_splitter {
                 handler = handler.with_word_splitter(s)
             }
+            if let Some(b) = self.show_related_as_nested {
+                handler = handler.with_show_related_as_nested(b)
+            }
 
             MietteHandler {
                 inner: Box::new(handler),
@@ -400,7 +402,7 @@ impl Default for MietteHandler {
 }
 
 impl ReportHandler for MietteHandler {
-    fn debug(&self, diagnostic: &(dyn Diagnostic), f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+    fn debug(&self, diagnostic: &dyn Diagnostic, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         if f.alternate() {
             return fmt::Debug::fmt(diagnostic, f);
         }
@@ -409,6 +411,58 @@ impl ReportHandler for MietteHandler {
     }
 }
 
+enum HighlighterOption {
+    Disable,
+    EnableCustom(MietteHighlighter),
+    #[cfg(feature = "syntect-highlighter")]
+    EnableSyntect,
+}
+
+impl HighlighterOption {
+    fn select(
+        color: Option<bool>,
+        highlighter: Option<MietteHighlighter>,
+        supports_color: bool,
+    ) -> HighlighterOption {
+        if color == Some(false) || (color.is_none() && !supports_color) {
+            return HighlighterOption::Disable;
+        }
+        highlighter
+            .map(HighlighterOption::EnableCustom)
+            .unwrap_or_default()
+    }
+}
+
+// NOTE: This is manually implemented so that it's clearer what's going on with
+// the conditional compilation — clippy isn't picking up the `cfg` stuff here
+#[allow(clippy::derivable_impls)]
+impl Default for HighlighterOption {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        cfg_if! {
+            if #[cfg(feature = "syntect-highlighter")] {
+                // Because the syntect highlighter currently only supports 24-bit truecolor,
+                // it supersedes and ignores the `rgb_colors` config.
+                // TODO: In the future, if we find a way to convert the RGB syntect theme
+                // into an ANSI color theme, we can take `rgb_colors` into account.
+                HighlighterOption::EnableSyntect
+            } else {
+                HighlighterOption::Disable
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<HighlighterOption> for MietteHighlighter {
+    fn from(opt: HighlighterOption) -> Self {
+        match opt {
+            HighlighterOption::Disable => MietteHighlighter::nocolor(),
+            HighlighterOption::EnableCustom(highlighter) => highlighter,
+            #[cfg(feature = "syntect-highlighter")]
+            HighlighterOption::EnableSyntect => MietteHighlighter::syntect_truecolor(),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 mod syscall {
     use cfg_if::cfg_if;
 
@@ -434,7 +488,6 @@ mod syscall {
         }
     }
 
-    #[cfg(feature = "syntect-highlighter")]
     #[inline]
     pub(super) fn supports_color() -> bool {
         cfg_if! {
@@ -468,3 +521,108 @@ mod syscall {
         }
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::highlighters::BlankHighlighter;
+    use cfg_if::cfg_if;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn test_highlighter_option() {
+        // Syntax highlighting is enabled depending on several variables:
+        // - The `color` config
+        // - The `highlighter` config
+        // - Whether the `syntect-highlighter` feature is enabled
+        // - Whether the terminal supports color
+        //
+        // This test asserts the expected highlighter depending on combinations of those variables.
+
+        macro_rules! assert_highlighter_opt {
+            (opts = $opts:expr, supports_color = $sup_color:literal, expected = $expected:pat $(,)?) => {
+                assert_highlighter_opt!(
+                    opts = $opts,
+                    supports_color = $sup_color,
+                    expected_with_syntect = $expected,
+                    expected_without_syntect = $expected,
+                );
+            };
+
+            (
+                opts = $opts:expr,
+                supports_color = $sup_color:literal,
+                expected_with_syntect = $expected_with:pat,
+                expected_without_syntect = $expected_without:pat $(,)?
+            ) => {{
+                let highlighter_opt =
+                    HighlighterOption::select($opts.color, $opts.highlighter, $sup_color);
+                cfg_if! {
+                    if #[cfg(feature = "syntect-highlighter")] {
+                        assert!(matches!(highlighter_opt, $expected_with));
+                    } else {
+                        assert!(matches!(highlighter_opt, $expected_without));
+                    }
+                }
+            }};
+        }
+
+        // When color is explicitly disabled, highlighting is also always disabled.
+        assert_highlighter_opt!(
+            opts = MietteHandlerOpts::new().color(false),
+            supports_color = true,
+            expected = HighlighterOption::Disable,
+        );
+
+        // When color is unset and the terminal doesn't support color, highlighting is disabled.
+        assert_highlighter_opt!(
+            opts = MietteHandlerOpts::new(),
+            supports_color = false,
+            expected = HighlighterOption::Disable,
+        );
+
+        // With explicit or implicit color support, highlighting is automatically enabled when
+        // `syntect-highlighter` is enabled.
+        assert_highlighter_opt!(
+            opts = MietteHandlerOpts::new().color(true),
+            supports_color = false,
+            expected_with_syntect = HighlighterOption::EnableSyntect,
+            expected_without_syntect = HighlighterOption::Disable,
+        );
+        assert_highlighter_opt!(
+            opts = MietteHandlerOpts::new(),
+            supports_color = true,
+            expected_with_syntect = HighlighterOption::EnableSyntect,
+            expected_without_syntect = HighlighterOption::Disable,
+        );
+
+        // With explicit or implicit color support, if custom highlighting is set, it's enabled.
+        assert_highlighter_opt!(
+            opts = MietteHandlerOpts::new()
+                .color(true)
+                .with_syntax_highlighting(BlankHighlighter),
+            supports_color = false,
+            expected = HighlighterOption::EnableCustom(_),
+        );
+        assert_highlighter_opt!(
+            opts = MietteHandlerOpts::new().with_syntax_highlighting(BlankHighlighter),
+            supports_color = true,
+            expected = HighlighterOption::EnableCustom(_),
+        );
+
+        // Setting `RgbColors::Never` has no effect when syntax highlighting is enabled.
+        assert_highlighter_opt!(
+            opts = MietteHandlerOpts::new()
+                .color(true)
+                .rgb_colors(RgbColors::Never),
+            supports_color = false,
+            expected_with_syntect = HighlighterOption::EnableSyntect,
+            expected_without_syntect = HighlighterOption::Disable,
+        );
+        assert_highlighter_opt!(
+            opts = MietteHandlerOpts::new().rgb_colors(RgbColors::Never),
+            supports_color = true,
+            expected_with_syntect = HighlighterOption::EnableSyntect,
+            expected_without_syntect = HighlighterOption::Disable,
+        );
+    }
+}

src/handlers/debug.rs

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ impl DebugReportHandler {
     pub fn render_report(
         &self,
         f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>,
-        diagnostic: &(dyn Diagnostic),
+        diagnostic: &dyn Diagnostic,
     ) -> fmt::Result {
         let mut diag = f.debug_struct("Diagnostic");
         diag.field("message", &format!("{}", diagnostic));
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ impl DebugReportHandler {
 }
 
 impl ReportHandler for DebugReportHandler {
-    fn debug(&self, diagnostic: &(dyn Diagnostic), f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+    fn debug(&self, diagnostic: &dyn Diagnostic, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         if f.alternate() {
             return fmt::Debug::fmt(diagnostic, f);
         }

src/handlers/graphical.rs

@@ -33,10 +33,12 @@ pub struct GraphicalReportHandler {
     pub(crate) with_cause_chain: bool,
     pub(crate) wrap_lines: bool,
     pub(crate) break_words: bool,
+    pub(crate) with_primary_span_start: bool,
     pub(crate) word_separator: Option<textwrap::WordSeparator>,
     pub(crate) word_splitter: Option<textwrap::WordSplitter>,
     pub(crate) highlighter: MietteHighlighter,
     pub(crate) link_display_text: Option<String>,
+    pub(crate) show_related_as_nested: bool,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
@@ -60,10 +62,12 @@ impl GraphicalReportHandler {
             with_cause_chain: true,
             wrap_lines: true,
             break_words: true,
+            with_primary_span_start: true,
             word_separator: None,
             word_splitter: None,
             highlighter: MietteHighlighter::default(),
             link_display_text: None,
+            show_related_as_nested: false,
         }
     }
 
@@ -78,11 +82,13 @@ impl GraphicalReportHandler {
             tab_width: 4,
             wrap_lines: true,
             with_cause_chain: true,
+            with_primary_span_start: true,
             break_words: true,
             word_separator: None,
             word_splitter: None,
             highlighter: MietteHighlighter::default(),
             link_display_text: None,
+            show_related_as_nested: false,
         }
     }
 
@@ -116,6 +122,20 @@ impl GraphicalReportHandler {
         self
     }
 
+    /// Include the line and column for the the start of the primary span when the
+    /// snippet extends multiple lines
+    pub fn with_primary_span_start(mut self) -> Self {
+        self.with_primary_span_start = true;
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Do not include the line and column for the the start of the primary span
+    /// when the snippet extends multiple lines
+    pub fn without_primary_span_start(mut self) -> Self {
+        self.with_primary_span_start = false;
+        self
+    }
+
     /// Whether to include [`Diagnostic::url()`] in the output.
     ///
     /// Disabling this is not recommended, but can be useful for more easily
@@ -177,6 +197,12 @@ impl GraphicalReportHandler {
         self
     }
 
+    /// Sets whether to render related errors as nested errors.
+    pub fn with_show_related_as_nested(mut self, show_related_as_nested: bool) -> Self {
+        self.show_related_as_nested = show_related_as_nested;
+        self
+    }
+
     /// Enable syntax highlighting for source code snippets, using the given
     /// [`Highlighter`]. See the [highlighters](crate::highlighters) crate
     /// for more details.
@@ -216,11 +242,20 @@ impl GraphicalReportHandler {
     pub fn render_report(
         &self,
         f: &mut impl fmt::Write,
-        diagnostic: &(dyn Diagnostic),
+        diagnostic: &dyn Diagnostic,
     ) -> fmt::Result {
-        self.render_header(f, diagnostic)?;
-        self.render_causes(f, diagnostic)?;
-        let src = diagnostic.source_code();
+        self.render_report_inner(f, diagnostic, diagnostic.source_code())
+    }
+
+    fn render_report_inner(
+        &self,
+        f: &mut impl fmt::Write,
+        diagnostic: &dyn Diagnostic,
+        parent_src: Option<&dyn SourceCode>,
+    ) -> fmt::Result {
+        let src = diagnostic.source_code().or(parent_src);
+        self.render_header(f, diagnostic, false)?;
+        self.render_causes(f, diagnostic, src)?;
         self.render_snippets(f, diagnostic, src)?;
         self.render_footer(f, diagnostic)?;
         self.render_related(f, diagnostic, src)?;
@@ -243,13 +278,19 @@ impl GraphicalReportHandler {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn render_header(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write, diagnostic: &(dyn Diagnostic)) -> fmt::Result {
+    fn render_header(
+        &self,
+        f: &mut impl fmt::Write,
+        diagnostic: &dyn Diagnostic,
+        is_nested: bool,
+    ) -> fmt::Result {
         let severity_style = match diagnostic.severity() {
             Some(Severity::Error) | None => self.theme.styles.error,
             Some(Severity::Warning) => self.theme.styles.warning,
             Some(Severity::Advice) => self.theme.styles.advice,
         };
         let mut header = String::new();
+        let mut need_newline = is_nested;
         if self.links == LinkStyle::Link && diagnostic.url().is_some() {
             let url = diagnostic.url().unwrap(); // safe
             let code = if let Some(code) = diagnostic.code() {
@@ -266,6 +307,7 @@ impl GraphicalReportHandler {
             );
             write!(header, "{}", link)?;
             writeln!(f, "{}", header)?;
+            need_newline = true;
         } else if let Some(code) = diagnostic.code() {
             write!(header, "{}", code.style(severity_style),)?;
             if self.links == LinkStyle::Text && diagnostic.url().is_some() {
@@ -273,12 +315,22 @@ impl GraphicalReportHandler {
                 write!(header, " ({})", url.style(self.theme.styles.link))?;
             }
             writeln!(f, "{}", header)?;
+            need_newline = true;
+        }
+        if need_newline {
+            writeln!(f)?;
         }
-        writeln!(f)?;
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn render_causes(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write, diagnostic: &(dyn Diagnostic)) -> fmt::Result {
+    fn render_causes(
+        &self,
+        f: &mut impl fmt::Write,
+        diagnostic: &dyn Diagnostic,
+        parent_src: Option<&dyn SourceCode>,
+    ) -> fmt::Result {
+        let src = diagnostic.source_code().or(parent_src);
+
         let (severity_style, severity_icon) = match diagnostic.severity() {
             Some(Severity::Error) | None => (self.theme.styles.error, &self.theme.characters.error),
             Some(Severity::Warning) => (self.theme.styles.warning, &self.theme.characters.warning),
@@ -356,7 +408,7 @@ impl GraphicalReportHandler {
                         inner_renderer.with_cause_chain = false;
                         // Since everything from here on is indented, shrink the virtual terminal
                         inner_renderer.termwidth -= rest_indent.width();
-                        inner_renderer.render_report(&mut inner, diag)?;
+                        inner_renderer.render_report_inner(&mut inner, diag, src)?;
 
                         // If there was no header, remove the leading newline
                         let inner = inner.trim_start_matches('\n');
@@ -372,7 +424,7 @@ impl GraphicalReportHandler {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn render_footer(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write, diagnostic: &(dyn Diagnostic)) -> fmt::Result {
+    fn render_footer(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write, diagnostic: &dyn Diagnostic) -> fmt::Result {
         if let Some(help) = diagnostic.help() {
             let width = self.termwidth.saturating_sub(2);
             let initial_indent = "  help: ".style(self.theme.styles.help).to_string();
@@ -395,26 +447,86 @@ impl GraphicalReportHandler {
     fn render_related(
         &self,
         f: &mut impl fmt::Write,
-        diagnostic: &(dyn Diagnostic),
+        diagnostic: &dyn Diagnostic,
         parent_src: Option<&dyn SourceCode>,
     ) -> fmt::Result {
+        let src = diagnostic.source_code().or(parent_src);
+
         if let Some(related) = diagnostic.related() {
+            let severity_style = match diagnostic.severity() {
+                Some(Severity::Error) | None => self.theme.styles.error,
+                Some(Severity::Warning) => self.theme.styles.warning,
+                Some(Severity::Advice) => self.theme.styles.advice,
+            };
+
             let mut inner_renderer = self.clone();
             // Re-enable the printing of nested cause chains for related errors
             inner_renderer.with_cause_chain = true;
-            for rel in related {
-                writeln!(f)?;
-                match rel.severity() {
-                    Some(Severity::Error) | None => write!(f, "Error: ")?,
-                    Some(Severity::Warning) => write!(f, "Warning: ")?,
-                    Some(Severity::Advice) => write!(f, "Advice: ")?,
-                };
-                inner_renderer.render_header(f, rel)?;
-                inner_renderer.render_causes(f, rel)?;
-                let src = rel.source_code().or(parent_src);
-                inner_renderer.render_snippets(f, rel, src)?;
-                inner_renderer.render_footer(f, rel)?;
-                inner_renderer.render_related(f, rel, src)?;
+            if self.show_related_as_nested {
+                let width = self.termwidth.saturating_sub(2);
+                let mut related = related.peekable();
+                while let Some(rel) = related.next() {
+                    let is_last = related.peek().is_none();
+                    let char = if !is_last {
+                        self.theme.characters.lcross
+                    } else {
+                        self.theme.characters.lbot
+                    };
+                    let initial_indent = format!(
+                        "  {}{}{} ",
+                        char, self.theme.characters.hbar, self.theme.characters.rarrow
+                    )
+                    .style(severity_style)
+                    .to_string();
+                    let rest_indent = format!(
+                        "  {}   ",
+                        if is_last {
+                            ' '
+                        } else {
+                            self.theme.characters.vbar
+                        }
+                    )
+                    .style(severity_style)
+                    .to_string();
+
+                    let mut opts = textwrap::Options::new(width)
+                        .initial_indent(&initial_indent)
+                        .subsequent_indent(&rest_indent)
+                        .break_words(self.break_words);
+                    if let Some(word_separator) = self.word_separator {
+                        opts = opts.word_separator(word_separator);
+                    }
+                    if let Some(word_splitter) = self.word_splitter.clone() {
+                        opts = opts.word_splitter(word_splitter);
+                    }
+
+                    let mut inner = String::new();
+
+                    let mut inner_renderer = self.clone();
+                    inner_renderer.footer = None;
+                    inner_renderer.with_cause_chain = false;
+                    inner_renderer.termwidth -= rest_indent.width();
+                    inner_renderer.render_report_inner(&mut inner, rel, src)?;
+
+                    // If there was no header, remove the leading newline
+                    let inner = inner.trim_matches('\n');
+                    writeln!(f, "{}", self.wrap(inner, opts))?;
+                }
+            } else {
+                for rel in related {
+                    writeln!(f)?;
+                    match rel.severity() {
+                        Some(Severity::Error) | None => write!(f, "Error: ")?,
+                        Some(Severity::Warning) => write!(f, "Warning: ")?,
+                        Some(Severity::Advice) => write!(f, "Advice: ")?,
+                    };
+                    inner_renderer.render_header(f, rel, true)?;
+                    let src = rel.source_code().or(parent_src);
+                    inner_renderer.render_causes(f, rel, src)?;
+                    inner_renderer.render_snippets(f, rel, src)?;
+                    inner_renderer.render_footer(f, rel)?;
+                    inner_renderer.render_related(f, rel, src)?;
+                }
             }
         }
         Ok(())
@@ -423,7 +535,7 @@ impl GraphicalReportHandler {
     fn render_snippets(
         &self,
         f: &mut impl fmt::Write,
-        diagnostic: &(dyn Diagnostic),
+        diagnostic: &dyn Diagnostic,
         opt_source: Option<&dyn SourceCode>,
     ) -> fmt::Result {
         let source = match opt_source {
@@ -569,26 +681,34 @@ impl GraphicalReportHandler {
         };
 
         if let Some(source_name) = primary_contents.name() {
-            writeln!(
-                f,
-                "[{}]",
-                format_args!(
-                    "{}:{}:{}",
-                    source_name,
-                    primary_contents.line() + 1,
-                    primary_contents.column() + 1
-                )
-                .style(self.theme.styles.link)
-            )?;
-        } else if lines.len() <= 1 {
-            writeln!(f, "{}", self.theme.characters.hbar.to_string().repeat(3))?;
-        } else {
+            if self.with_primary_span_start {
+                writeln!(
+                    f,
+                    "[{}]",
+                    format_args!(
+                        "{}:{}:{}",
+                        source_name,
+                        primary_contents.line() + 1,
+                        primary_contents.column() + 1
+                    )
+                    .style(self.theme.styles.link)
+                )?;
+            } else {
+                writeln!(
+                    f,
+                    "[{}]",
+                    format_args!("{}", source_name,).style(self.theme.styles.link)
+                )?;
+            }
+        } else if self.with_primary_span_start && lines.len() > 1 {
             writeln!(
                 f,
                 "[{}:{}]",
                 primary_contents.line() + 1,
                 primary_contents.column() + 1
             )?;
+        } else {
+            writeln!(f, "{}", self.theme.characters.hbar.to_string().repeat(3))?;
         }
 
         // Now it's time for the fun part--actually rendering everything!
@@ -1241,7 +1361,7 @@ impl GraphicalReportHandler {
 }
 
 impl ReportHandler for GraphicalReportHandler {
-    fn debug(&self, diagnostic: &(dyn Diagnostic), f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+    fn debug(&self, diagnostic: &dyn Diagnostic, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         if f.alternate() {
             return fmt::Debug::fmt(diagnostic, f);
         }

src/handlers/json.rs

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ impl JSONReportHandler {
     pub fn render_report(
         &self,
         f: &mut impl fmt::Write,
-        diagnostic: &(dyn Diagnostic),
+        diagnostic: &dyn Diagnostic,
     ) -> fmt::Result {
         self._render_report(f, diagnostic, None)
     }
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ impl JSONReportHandler {
     fn _render_report(
         &self,
         f: &mut impl fmt::Write,
-        diagnostic: &(dyn Diagnostic),
+        diagnostic: &dyn Diagnostic,
         parent_src: Option<&dyn SourceCode>,
     ) -> fmt::Result {
         write!(f, r#"{{"message": "{}","#, escape(&diagnostic.to_string()))?;
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ impl JSONReportHandler {
     fn render_snippets(
         &self,
         f: &mut impl fmt::Write,
-        diagnostic: &(dyn Diagnostic),
+        diagnostic: &dyn Diagnostic,
         source: &dyn SourceCode,
     ) -> fmt::Result {
         if let Some(mut labels) = diagnostic.labels() {
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ impl JSONReportHandler {
 }
 
 impl ReportHandler for JSONReportHandler {
-    fn debug(&self, diagnostic: &(dyn Diagnostic), f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+    fn debug(&self, diagnostic: &dyn Diagnostic, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         self.render_report(f, diagnostic)
     }
 }

src/handlers/narratable.rs

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ impl NarratableReportHandler {
     pub fn render_report(
         &self,
         f: &mut impl fmt::Write,
-        diagnostic: &(dyn Diagnostic),
+        diagnostic: &dyn Diagnostic,
     ) -> fmt::Result {
         self.render_header(f, diagnostic)?;
         if self.with_cause_chain {
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ impl NarratableReportHandler {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn render_header(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write, diagnostic: &(dyn Diagnostic)) -> fmt::Result {
+    fn render_header(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write, diagnostic: &dyn Diagnostic) -> fmt::Result {
         writeln!(f, "{}", diagnostic)?;
         let severity = match diagnostic.severity() {
             Some(Severity::Error) | None => "error",
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ impl NarratableReportHandler {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn render_causes(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write, diagnostic: &(dyn Diagnostic)) -> fmt::Result {
+    fn render_causes(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write, diagnostic: &dyn Diagnostic) -> fmt::Result {
         if let Some(cause_iter) = diagnostic
             .diagnostic_source()
             .map(DiagnosticChain::from_diagnostic)
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ impl NarratableReportHandler {
         Ok(())
     }
 
-    fn render_footer(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write, diagnostic: &(dyn Diagnostic)) -> fmt::Result {
+    fn render_footer(&self, f: &mut impl fmt::Write, diagnostic: &dyn Diagnostic) -> fmt::Result {
         if let Some(help) = diagnostic.help() {
             writeln!(f, "diagnostic help: {}", help)?;
         }
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ impl NarratableReportHandler {
     fn render_related(
         &self,
         f: &mut impl fmt::Write,
-        diagnostic: &(dyn Diagnostic),
+        diagnostic: &dyn Diagnostic,
         parent_src: Option<&dyn SourceCode>,
     ) -> fmt::Result {
         if let Some(related) = diagnostic.related() {
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ impl NarratableReportHandler {
     fn render_snippets(
         &self,
         f: &mut impl fmt::Write,
-        diagnostic: &(dyn Diagnostic),
+        diagnostic: &dyn Diagnostic,
         source_code: Option<&dyn SourceCode>,
     ) -> fmt::Result {
         if let Some(source) = source_code {
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ impl NarratableReportHandler {
 }
 
 impl ReportHandler for NarratableReportHandler {
-    fn debug(&self, diagnostic: &(dyn Diagnostic), f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+    fn debug(&self, diagnostic: &dyn Diagnostic, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
         if f.alternate() {
             return fmt::Debug::fmt(diagnostic, f);
         }

src/highlighters/syntect.rs

@@ -96,12 +96,12 @@ impl SyntectHighlighter {
             }
         }
         // finally, attempt to guess syntax based on first line
-        return self.syntax_set.find_syntax_by_first_line(
+        self.syntax_set.find_syntax_by_first_line(
             std::str::from_utf8(contents.data())
                 .ok()?
                 .split('\n')
                 .next()?,
-        );
+        )
     }
 }
 
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ pub(crate) struct SyntectHighlighterState<'h> {
     use_bg_color: bool,
 }
 
-impl<'h> HighlighterState for SyntectHighlighterState<'h> {
+impl HighlighterState for SyntectHighlighterState<'_> {
     fn highlight_line<'s>(&mut self, line: &'s str) -> Vec<Styled<&'s str>> {
         if let Ok(ops) = self.parse_state.parse_line(line, self.syntax_set) {
             let use_bg_color = self.use_bg_color;
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ impl<'h> HighlighterState for SyntectHighlighterState<'h> {
                 line,
                 &self.highlighter,
             )
-            .map(|(style, str)| (convert_style(style, use_bg_color).style(str)))
+            .map(|(style, str)| convert_style(style, use_bg_color).style(str))
             .collect()
         } else {
             vec![Style::default().style(line)]

src/lib.rs

@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@
 //!   - [... handler options](#-handler-options)
 //!   - [... dynamic diagnostics](#-dynamic-diagnostics)
 //!   - [... syntax highlighting](#-syntax-highlighting)
+//!   - [... primary label](#-primary-label)
 //!   - [... collection of labels](#-collection-of-labels)
 //! - [Acknowledgements](#acknowledgements)
 //! - [License](#license)
@@ -100,7 +101,7 @@
 //!
 //! `thiserror` is a great way to define them, and plays nicely with `miette`!
 //! */
-//! use miette::{Diagnostic, SourceSpan};
+//! use miette::{Diagnostic, NamedSource, SourceSpan};
 //! use thiserror::Error;
 //!
 //! #[derive(Error, Debug, Diagnostic)]
@@ -127,7 +128,7 @@
 //! throughout your app (but NOT your libraries! Those should always return
 //! concrete types!).
 //! */
-//! use miette::{NamedSource, Result};
+//! use miette::Result;
 //! fn this_fails() -> Result<()> {
 //!     // You can use plain strings as a `Source`, or anything that implements
 //!     // the one-method `Source` trait.
@@ -210,6 +211,17 @@
 //!     // Use `#[diagnostic(transparent)]` to wrap another [`Diagnostic`]. You won't see labels otherwise
 //!     #[diagnostic(transparent)]
 //!     AnotherError(#[from] AnotherError),
+//!
+//!     /// Forward the diagnostic to a particular field.
+//!     #[error("other error")]
+//!     #[diagnostic(forward(the_actual_diagnostic))]
+//!     EvenMoreData {
+//!         unrelated_field_1: String,
+//!         unrelated_field_2: usize,
+//!
+//!         #[source]
+//!         the_actual_diagnostic: AnotherError,
+//!     }
 //! }
 //!
 //! #[derive(Error, Diagnostic, Debug)]
@@ -266,7 +278,7 @@
 //! }
 //! ```
 //!
-//! To construct your own simple adhoc error use the [miette!] macro:
+//! To construct your own simple adhoc error use the [`miette!`] macro:
 //! ```rust
 //! // my_app/lib/my_internal_file.rs
 //! use miette::{miette, Result};
@@ -690,6 +702,37 @@
 //! [`with_syntax_highlighting`](MietteHandlerOpts::with_syntax_highlighting)
 //! method. See the [`highlighters`] module docs for more details.
 //!
+//! ### ... primary label
+//!
+//! You can use the `primary` parameter to `label` to indicate that the label
+//! is the primary label.
+//!
+//! ```rust,ignore
+//! #[derive(Debug, Diagnostic, Error)]
+//! #[error("oops!")]
+//! struct MyError {
+//!     #[label(primary, "main issue")]
+//!     primary_span: SourceSpan,
+//!
+//!     #[label("other label")]
+//!     other_span: SourceSpan,
+//! }
+//! ```
+//!
+//! The `primary` parameter can be used at most once:
+//!
+//! ```rust,ignore
+//! #[derive(Debug, Diagnostic, Error)]
+//! #[error("oops!")]
+//! struct MyError {
+//!     #[label(primary, "main issue")]
+//!     primary_span: SourceSpan,
+//!
+//!     #[label(primary, "other label")] // Error: Cannot have more than one primary label.
+//!     other_span: SourceSpan,
+//! }
+//! ```
+//!
 //! ### ... collection of labels
 //!
 //! When the number of labels is unknown, you can use a collection of `SourceSpan`
@@ -743,7 +786,7 @@
 //!
 //! ## MSRV
 //!
-//! This crate requires rustc 1.70.0 or later.
+//! This crate requires rustc 1.82.0 or later.
 //!
 //! ## Acknowledgements
 //!

src/panic.rs

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
-use backtrace::Backtrace;
-use thiserror::Error;
+use std::{error::Error, fmt::Display};
 
-use crate::{self as miette, Context, Diagnostic, Result};
+use backtrace::Backtrace;
+
+use crate::{Context, Diagnostic, Result};
 
 /// Tells miette to render panics using its rendering engine.
 pub fn set_panic_hook() {
@@ -25,11 +26,27 @@ pub fn set_panic_hook() {
     }));
 }
 
-#[derive(Debug, Error, Diagnostic)]
-#[error("{0}{}", Panic::backtrace())]
-#[diagnostic(help("set the `RUST_BACKTRACE=1` environment variable to display a backtrace."))]
+#[derive(Debug)]
 struct Panic(String);
 
+impl Display for Panic {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        let msg = &self.0;
+        let panic = Panic::backtrace();
+        write!(f, "{msg}{panic}")
+    }
+}
+
+impl Error for Panic {}
+
+impl Diagnostic for Panic {
+    fn help<'a>(&'a self) -> Option<Box<dyn Display + 'a>> {
+        Some(Box::new(
+            "set the `RUST_BACKTRACE=1` environment variable to display a backtrace.",
+        ))
+    }
+}
+
 impl Panic {
     fn backtrace() -> String {
         use std::fmt::Write;
@@ -84,3 +101,32 @@ impl Panic {
         "".into()
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use std::error::Error;
+
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn panic() {
+        let panic = Panic("ruh roh raggy".to_owned());
+
+        assert_eq!(panic.to_string(), "ruh roh raggy");
+        assert!(panic.source().is_none());
+        assert!(panic.code().is_none());
+        assert!(panic.severity().is_none());
+        assert_eq!(
+            panic.help().map(|h| h.to_string()),
+            Some(
+                "set the `RUST_BACKTRACE=1` environment variable to display a backtrace."
+                    .to_owned()
+            )
+        );
+        assert!(panic.url().is_none());
+        assert!(panic.source_code().is_none());
+        assert!(panic.labels().is_none());
+        assert!(panic.related().is_none());
+        assert!(panic.diagnostic_source().is_none());
+    }
+}

src/protocol.rs

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ use std::{
 #[cfg(feature = "serde")]
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
-use crate::MietteError;
+use crate::{DiagnosticError, MietteError};
 
 /// Adds rich metadata to your Error that can be used by
 /// [`Report`](crate::Report) to print really nice and human-friendly error
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ impl From<&str> for Box<dyn Diagnostic> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a> From<&str> for Box<dyn Diagnostic + Send + Sync + 'a> {
+impl From<&str> for Box<dyn Diagnostic + Send + Sync + '_> {
     fn from(s: &str) -> Self {
         From::from(String::from(s))
     }
@@ -174,18 +174,7 @@ impl From<String> for Box<dyn Diagnostic + Send + Sync> {
 
 impl From<Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>> for Box<dyn Diagnostic + Send + Sync> {
     fn from(s: Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>) -> Self {
-        #[derive(thiserror::Error)]
-        #[error(transparent)]
-        struct BoxedDiagnostic(Box<dyn std::error::Error + Send + Sync>);
-        impl fmt::Debug for BoxedDiagnostic {
-            fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-                fmt::Debug::fmt(&self.0, f)
-            }
-        }
-
-        impl Diagnostic for BoxedDiagnostic {}
-
-        Box::new(BoxedDiagnostic(s))
+        Box::new(DiagnosticError(s))
     }
 }
 

src/source_impls.rs

@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ impl SourceCode for [u8] {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'src> SourceCode for &'src [u8] {
+impl SourceCode for &[u8] {
     fn read_span<'a>(
         &'a self,
         span: &SourceSpan,
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ impl SourceCode for str {
 }
 
 /// Makes `src: &'static str` or `struct S<'a> { src: &'a str }` usable.
-impl<'s> SourceCode for &'s str {
+impl SourceCode for &str {
     fn read_span<'a>(
         &'a self,
         span: &SourceSpan,

tests/color_format.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 #![cfg(feature = "fancy-no-backtrace")]
 
-use lazy_static::lazy_static;
 use miette::{Diagnostic, MietteHandler, MietteHandlerOpts, ReportHandler, RgbColors};
 use regex::Regex;
 use std::ffi::OsString;
@@ -69,9 +68,7 @@ impl Drop for EnvVarGuard<'_> {
     }
 }
 
-lazy_static! {
-    static ref COLOR_ENV_VARS: Mutex<()> = Mutex::new(());
-}
+static COLOR_ENV_VARS: Mutex<()> = Mutex::new(());
 
 /// Assert the color format used by a handler with different levels of terminal
 /// support.

tests/graphical.rs

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ fn word_wrap_options() -> Result<(), MietteError> {
     let out =
         fmt_report_with_settings(Report::msg("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"), |handler| handler);
 
-    let expected = "\n  × abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz\n".to_string();
+    let expected = "  × abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz\n".to_string();
     assert_eq!(expected, out);
 
     // A long word can break with a smaller width
@@ -75,14 +75,14 @@ fn word_wrap_options() -> Result<(), MietteError> {
   │ uvwx
   │ yz
 "#
-    .to_string();
+    .trim_start_matches('\n');
     assert_eq!(expected, out);
 
     // Unless, word breaking is disabled
     let out = fmt_report_with_settings(Report::msg("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"), |handler| {
         handler.with_width(10).with_break_words(false)
     });
-    let expected = "\n  × abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz\n".to_string();
+    let expected = "  × abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz\n".to_string();
     assert_eq!(expected, out);
 
     // Breaks should start at the boundary of each word if possible
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ fn word_wrap_options() -> Result<(), MietteError> {
   │ 5678
   │ 90
 "#
-    .to_string();
+    .trim_start_matches('\n');
     assert_eq!(expected, out);
 
     // But long words should not break if word breaking is disabled
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ fn word_wrap_options() -> Result<(), MietteError> {
   │ 1234567
   │ 1234567890
 "#
-    .to_string();
+    .trim_start_matches('\n');
     assert_eq!(expected, out);
 
     // Unless, of course, there are hyphens
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ fn word_wrap_options() -> Result<(), MietteError> {
   │ f-g-
   │ h
 "#
-    .to_string();
+    .trim_start_matches('\n');
     assert_eq!(expected, out);
 
     // Which requires an additional opt-out
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ fn word_wrap_options() -> Result<(), MietteError> {
   │ a-b-c-d-e-f-g
   │ a-b-c-d-e-f-g-h
 "#
-    .to_string();
+    .trim_start_matches('\n');
     assert_eq!(expected, out);
 
     // Or if there are _other_ unicode word boundaries
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ fn word_wrap_options() -> Result<(), MietteError> {
   │ f/g/
   │ h
 "#
-    .to_string();
+    .trim_start_matches('\n');
     assert_eq!(expected, out);
 
     // Such things require you to opt-in to only breaking on ASCII whitespace
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ fn word_wrap_options() -> Result<(), MietteError> {
   │ a/b/c/d/e/f/g
   │ a/b/c/d/e/f/g/h
 "#
-    .to_string();
+    .trim_start_matches('\n');
     assert_eq!(expected, out);
 
     Ok(())
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ fn wrap_option() -> Result<(), MietteError> {
   │ pqr stu
   │ vwx yz
 "#
-    .to_string();
+    .trim_start_matches('\n');
     assert_eq!(expected, out);
 
     // Unless, wrapping is disabled
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ fn wrap_option() -> Result<(), MietteError> {
         |handler| handler.with_width(15).with_wrap_lines(false),
     );
     let expected =
-        "\n  × abc def ghi jkl mno pqr stu vwx yz abc def ghi jkl mno pqr stu vwx yz\n".to_string();
+        "  × abc def ghi jkl mno pqr stu vwx yz abc def ghi jkl mno pqr stu vwx yz\n".to_string();
     assert_eq!(expected, out);
 
     // Then, user-defined new lines should be preserved wrapping is disabled
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ fn wrap_option() -> Result<(), MietteError> {
   │ abc def ghi jkl mno pqr stu vwx yz
   │ abc def ghi jkl mno pqr stu vwx yz
 "#
-    .to_string();
+    .trim_start_matches('\n');
     assert_eq!(expected, out);
 
     Ok(())
@@ -485,8 +485,7 @@ if true {
    · ╰──── big
    ╰────
 "#
-    .to_string();
-
+    .trim_start_matches('\n');
     assert_eq!(expected, out);
 }
 
@@ -517,8 +516,7 @@ fn single_line_highlight_span_full_line() {
    ·   ╰── This bit here
    ╰────
 "#
-    .to_string();
-
+    .trim_start_matches('\n');
     assert_eq!(expected, out);
 }
 
@@ -1781,8 +1779,7 @@ fn zero_length_eol_span() {
    · ╰── This bit here
    ╰────
 "#
-    .to_string();
-
+    .trim_start_matches('\n');
     assert_eq!(expected, out);
 }
 
@@ -1817,8 +1814,7 @@ fn primary_label() {
    ·    ╰── nope
    ╰────
 "#
-    .to_string();
-
+    .trim_start_matches('\n');
     assert_eq!(expected, out);
 }
 
@@ -1968,7 +1964,8 @@ fn syntax_highlighter() {
    ·                  ╰── this is a label
  3 │ }
    ╰────
-"#;
+"#
+    .trim_start_matches('\n');
     assert!(out.contains("\u{1b}[38;2;180;142;173m"));
     assert_eq!(expected, strip_ansi_escapes::strip_str(out))
 }
@@ -2028,6 +2025,7 @@ fn syntax_highlighter_on_real_file() {
         l2 = line,
         l3 = line + 1
     );
+    let expected = expected.trim_start_matches('\n');
     assert!(out.contains("\u{1b}[38;2;180;142;173m"));
     assert_eq!(expected, strip_ansi_escapes::strip_str(out));
 }
@@ -2510,3 +2508,63 @@ fn after_invalid_unicode() -> Result<(), MietteError> {
 
     Ok(())
 }
+
+#[test]
+fn option_include_primary_span_start() {
+    #[derive(Debug, Clone, Diagnostic, Error)]
+    #[error("decoding error")]
+    #[diagnostic(code(decode_err))]
+    struct E {
+        #[label("valid data here")]
+        src: SourceSpan,
+    }
+
+    let invalid_source: &[u8] = b"malformed\nh\xf0\x93\x8aXYZ";
+
+    let (x_index, _) = invalid_source
+        .iter()
+        .enumerate()
+        .find(|&(_, &x)| x == b'X')
+        .unwrap();
+
+    // make err pointing at the X
+    let err = E {
+        src: SourceSpan::from((x_index, 1)),
+    };
+
+    let result = fmt_report_with_settings(
+        Report::new(err.clone()).with_source_code(invalid_source),
+        |handler| handler,
+    );
+
+    let expected = "decode_err
+
+  × decoding error
+   ╭─[2:5]
+ 1 │ malformed
+ 2 │ h<EFBFBD>XYZ
+   ·   ┬
+   ·   ╰── valid data here
+   ╰────
+";
+
+    assert_eq!(expected, result);
+
+    let result = fmt_report_with_settings(
+        Report::new(err).with_source_code(invalid_source),
+        |handler| handler.without_primary_span_start(),
+    );
+
+    let expected = "decode_err
+
+  × decoding error
+   ╭────
+ 1 │ malformed
+ 2 │ h<EFBFBD>XYZ
+   ·   ┬
+   ·   ╰── valid data here
+   ╰────
+";
+
+    assert_eq!(expected, result);
+}

tests/test_diagnostic_source_macro.rs

@@ -118,7 +118,8 @@ fn test_diagnostic_source_pass_extra_info() {
 
   this is a footer
 "#
-    .to_string();
+    .trim_start_matches('\n');
+
     assert_eq!(expected, out);
 }
 
@@ -149,7 +150,8 @@ fn test_diagnostic_source_is_output() {
          ╰────
         help: That's where the error is!
       
-"#;
+"#
+    .trim_start_matches('\n');
 
     assert_eq!(expected, out);
 }
@@ -208,7 +210,8 @@ fn test_nested_diagnostic_source_is_output() {
    ╰────
 
   Yooo, a footer
-"#;
+"#
+    .trim_start_matches('\n');
 
     assert_eq!(expected, out);
 }
@@ -295,7 +298,120 @@ fn test_nested_cause_chains_for_related_errors_are_output() {
    ╰────
 
   Yooo, a footer
-"#;
+"#
+    .trim_start_matches('\n');
+
+    assert_eq!(expected, out);
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "fancy-no-backtrace")]
+#[test]
+fn test_display_related_errors_as_nested() {
+    let inner_error = TestStructError {
+        asdf_inner_foo: SourceError {
+            code: String::from("This is another error"),
+            help: String::from("You should fix this"),
+            label: (3, 4),
+        },
+    };
+    let first_error = NestedError {
+        code: String::from("right here"),
+        label: (6, 4),
+        the_other_err: Box::new(inner_error),
+    };
+    let second_error = SourceError {
+        code: String::from("You're actually a mess"),
+        help: String::from("Get a grip..."),
+        label: (3, 4),
+    };
+    let diag = MultiError {
+        related_errs: vec![
+            Box::new(MultiError {
+                related_errs: vec![Box::new(first_error), Box::new(AnErr)],
+            }),
+            Box::new(second_error),
+        ],
+    };
+
+    let mut out = String::new();
+    miette::GraphicalReportHandler::new_themed(miette::GraphicalTheme::unicode_nocolor())
+        .with_width(80)
+        .with_show_related_as_nested(true)
+        .render_report(&mut out, &diag)
+        .unwrap();
+    println!("{}", out);
+
+    let expected = r#"
+  × A multi-error happened
+  ├─▶   × A multi-error happened
+  │     ├─▶   × A nested error happened
+  │     │      ╭────
+  │     │    1 │ right here
+  │     │      ·       ──┬─
+  │     │      ·         ╰── here
+  │     │      ╰────
+  │     ╰─▶   × AnErr
+  ╰─▶   × A complex error happened
+         ╭────
+       1 │ You're actually a mess
+         ·    ──┬─
+         ·      ╰── here
+         ╰────
+        help: Get a grip...
+"#
+    .trim_start_matches('\n');
+
+    assert_eq!(expected, out);
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "fancy-no-backtrace")]
+#[derive(Debug, miette::Diagnostic, thiserror::Error)]
+#[error("A case1 error happened")]
+enum NestedEnumError {
+    Case1 {
+        #[source_code]
+        code: String,
+        #[diagnostic_source]
+        the_other_err: Case1Inner,
+    },
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "fancy-no-backtrace")]
+#[derive(Debug, miette::Diagnostic, thiserror::Error)]
+#[error("I am the inner error")]
+struct Case1Inner {
+    #[label("inner-label")]
+    label: (usize, usize),
+}
+
+#[cfg(feature = "fancy-no-backtrace")]
+#[test]
+fn source_is_inherited_to_causes() {
+    let diag = NestedEnumError::Case1 {
+        code: String::from("this is the parent source"),
+        the_other_err: Case1Inner { label: (8, 3) },
+    };
+    let mut out = String::new();
+    miette::GraphicalReportHandler::new_themed(miette::GraphicalTheme::unicode_nocolor())
+        .with_width(80)
+        .with_footer("Yooo, a footer".to_string())
+        .render_report(&mut out, &diag)
+        .unwrap();
+    println!("{}", out);
+
+    let expected = r#"
+  × A case1 error happened
+  ╰─▶   × I am the inner error
+         ╭────
+       1 │ this is the parent source
+         ·         ─┬─
+         ·          ╰── inner-label
+         ╰────
+      
+
+  Yooo, a footer
+"#
+    .trim_start_matches('\n');
 
     assert_eq!(expected, out);
 }