mirror of https://github.com/kdl-org/kdl.git
actual tweaks, plus some automatic reformatting (#497)
This commit is contained in:
Kat Marchán
GitHub
parent
aab44fcd1b
commit
21a9eb3f65
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@ -20,19 +20,16 @@ smart_quotes: no
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pi: [toc, sortrefs, symrefs]
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author:
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-
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name: Katerina Zoé Marchán Salvá
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- name: Katerina Zoé Marchán Salvá
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ins: K. Marchán
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organization: Microsoft
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-
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name: The KDL Contributors
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- name: The KDL Contributors
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ins: KDL Contributors
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normative:
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informative:
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--- abstract
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KDL is a node-oriented document language. Its niche and purpose overlaps with
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@ -42,10 +39,14 @@ language, and a data exchange or storage format, if you so choose.
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This is the formal specification for KDL, including the intended data model and
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the grammar.
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This document describes an unreleased minor change to KDL. For the latest
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oficial version of the language, see https://kdl.dev/spec.
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<!--
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This document describes KDL version KDL 2.0.0. It was released on 2024-12-21. It
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is the latest stable version of the language, and will only be edited for minor
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copyedits or major errata.
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-->
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--- note_License
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@ -53,7 +54,6 @@ This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0
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International. To view a copy of this license, visit
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https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
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--- middle
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# Compatibility
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@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ rules, with some semantic exceptions involving the data model.
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KDL is designed to be easy to read _and_ easy to implement.
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In this document, references to "left" or "right" refer to directions in the
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*data stream* towards the beginning or end, respectively; in other words,
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_data stream_ towards the beginning or end, respectively; in other words,
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the directions if the data stream were only ASCII text. They do not refer
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to the writing direction of text, which can flow in either direction,
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depending on the characters used.
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@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ depending on the characters used.
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## Document
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The toplevel concept of KDL is a Document. A Document is composed of zero or
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more Nodes ({{node}}), separated by newlines and whitespace, and eventually
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more Nodes ({{node}}), separated by newlines, semicolons, and whitespace, and eventually
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terminated by an EOF.
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All KDL documents MUST be encoded in UTF-8 and conform to the specifications in
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@ -147,7 +147,8 @@ the entire node, including its properties, arguments, and children, and make
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it act as plain whitespace, even if it spreads across multiple lines.
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Finally, a node is terminated by either a Newline ({{newline}}), a semicolon
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(`;`), the end of a child block (`}`) or the end of the file/stream (an `EOF`).
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(`;`), the end of its parent's child block (`}`) or the end of the file/stream
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(an `EOF`).
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### Example
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@ -234,7 +235,7 @@ parent {
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child2
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}
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parent { child1; child2; }
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parent { child1; child2 }
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~~~
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## Value
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@ -271,63 +272,64 @@ and, if used, SHOULD interpret these types as follows:
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Signed integers of various sizes (the number is the bit size):
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* `i8`
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* `i16`
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* `i32`
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* `i64`
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* `i128`
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- `i8`
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- `i16`
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- `i32`
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- `i64`
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- `i128`
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Unsigned integers of various sizes (the number is the bit size):
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* `u8`
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* `u16`
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* `u32`
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* `u64`
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* `u128`
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- `u8`
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- `u16`
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- `u32`
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- `u64`
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- `u128`
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Platform-dependent integer types, both signed and unsigned:
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* `isize`
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* `usize`
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- `isize`
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- `usize`
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### Reserved Type Annotations for Numbers With Decimals:
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IEEE 754 floating point numbers, both single (32) and double (64) precision:
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* `f32`
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* `f64`
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- `f32`
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- `f64`
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IEEE 754-2008 decimal floating point numbers
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* `decimal64`
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* `decimal128`
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- `decimal64`
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- `decimal128`
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### Reserved Type Annotations for Strings:
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* `date-time`: ISO8601 date/time format.
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* `time`: "Time" section of ISO8601.
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* `date`: "Date" section of ISO8601.
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* `duration`: ISO8601 duration format.
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* `decimal`: IEEE 754-2008 decimal string format.
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* `currency`: ISO 4217 currency code.
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* `country-2`: ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code.
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* `country-3`: ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 country code.
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* `country-subdivision`: ISO 3166-2 country subdivision code.
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* `email`: RFC5322 email address.
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* `idn-email`: RFC6531 internationalized email address.
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* `hostname`: RFC1123 internet hostname (only ASCII segments)
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* `idn-hostname`: RFC5890 internationalized internet hostname
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- `date-time`: ISO8601 date/time format.
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- `time`: "Time" section of ISO8601.
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- `date`: "Date" section of ISO8601.
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- `duration`: ISO8601 duration format.
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- `decimal`: IEEE 754-2008 decimal string format.
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- `currency`: ISO 4217 currency code.
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- `country-2`: ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code.
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- `country-3`: ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 country code.
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- `country-subdivision`: ISO 3166-2 country subdivision code.
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- `email`: RFC5322 email address.
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- `idn-email`: RFC6531 internationalized email address.
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- `hostname`: RFC1123 internet hostname (only ASCII segments)
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- `idn-hostname`: RFC5890 internationalized internet hostname
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(only `xn--`-prefixed ASCII "punycode" segments, or non-ASCII segments)
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* `ipv4`: RFC2673 dotted-quad IPv4 address.
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* `ipv6`: RFC2373 IPv6 address.
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* `url`: RFC3986 URI.
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* `url-reference`: RFC3986 URI Reference.
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* `irl`: RFC3987 Internationalized Resource Identifier.
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* `irl-reference`: RFC3987 Internationalized Resource Identifier Reference.
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* `url-template`: RFC6570 URI Template.
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* `uuid`: RFC4122 UUID.
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* `regex`: Regular expression. Specific patterns may be implementation-dependent.
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* `base64`: A Base64-encoded string, denoting arbitrary binary data.
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- `ipv4`: RFC2673 dotted-quad IPv4 address.
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- `ipv6`: RFC2373 IPv6 address.
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- `url`: RFC3986 URI.
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- `url-reference`: RFC3986 URI Reference.
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- `irl`: RFC3987 Internationalized Resource Identifier.
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- `irl-reference`: RFC3987 Internationalized Resource Identifier Reference.
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- `url-template`: RFC6570 URI Template.
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- `uuid`: RFC4122 UUID.
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- `regex`: Regular expression. Specific patterns may be implementation-dependent.
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- `base64`: A Base64-encoded string, denoting arbitrary binary data.
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- `base85`: An [Ascii85](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascii85)-encoded string, denoting arbitrary binary data.
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### Examples
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@ -347,12 +349,12 @@ or a Multi-Line String ({{multi-line-string}}).
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Both Quoted and Multiline strings come in normal
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and Raw String ({{raw-string}}) variants (like `#"foo"#`):
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* Identifier Strings let you write short, "single-word" strings with a
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- Identifier Strings let you write short, "single-word" strings with a
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minimum of syntax
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* Quoted Strings let you write strings "like normal", with whitespace and escapes.
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* Multi-Line Strings let you write strings across multiple lines
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- Quoted Strings let you write strings "like normal", with whitespace and escapes.
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- Multi-Line Strings let you write strings across multiple lines
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and with indentation that's not part of the string value.
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* Raw Strings don't allow any escapes,
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- Raw Strings don't allow any escapes,
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allowing you to not worry about the string's content containing anything that
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might look like an escape.
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@ -374,10 +376,10 @@ characters ({{non-identifier-characters}}).
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A handful of patterns are disallowed, to avoid confusion with other values:
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* idents that appear to start with a Number ({{number}}) (like `1.0v2` or
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- idents that appear to start with a Number ({{number}}) (like `1.0v2` or
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`-1em`) or the "almost a number" pattern of a decimal point without a
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leading digit (like `.1`).
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* idents that are the language keywords (`inf`, `-inf`, `nan`, `true`,
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- idents that are the language keywords (`inf`, `-inf`, `nan`, `true`,
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`false`, and `null`) without their leading `#`.
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Identifiers that match these patterns _MUST_ be treated as a syntax error; such
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@ -389,17 +391,17 @@ identifier syntax is specified in the Full Grammar in {{full-grammar}}.
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The following characters cannot be the first character in an
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Identifier String ({{identifier-string}}):
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* Any decimal digit (0-9)
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* Any non-identifier characters ({{non-identifier-characters}})
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- Any decimal digit (0-9)
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- Any non-identifier characters ({{non-identifier-characters}})
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Additionally, the following initial characters impose limitations on subsequent
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characters:
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* the `+` and `-` characters can only be used as an initial character if
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the second character is *not* a digit. If the second character is `.`, then
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the third character must *not* be a digit.
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* the `.` character can only be used as an initial character if
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the second character is *not* a digit.
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- the `+` and `-` characters can only be used as an initial character if
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the second character is _not_ a digit. If the second character is `.`, then
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the third character must _not_ be a digit.
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- the `.` character can only be used as an initial character if
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the second character is _not_ a digit.
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This allows identifiers to look like `--this` or `.md`, and removes the
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ambiguity of having an identifier look like a number.
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@ -408,9 +410,9 @@ ambiguity of having an identifier look like a number.
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The following characters cannot be used anywhere in a Identifier String ({{identifier-string}}):
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* Any of `(){}[]/\"#;=`
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* Any Whitespace ({{whitespace}}) or Newline ({{newline}}).
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* Any disallowed literal code points ({{disallowed-literal-code-points}}) in KDL
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- Any of `(){}[]/\"#;=`
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- Any Whitespace ({{whitespace}}) or Newline ({{newline}}).
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- Any disallowed literal code points ({{disallowed-literal-code-points}}) in KDL
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documents.
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## Quoted String
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@ -490,7 +492,7 @@ such) are retained. For example, these strings are all semantically identical:
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#### Invalid escapes
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Except as described in the escapes table, above, `\` *MUST NOT* precede any
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Except as described in the escapes table, above, `\` _MUST NOT_ precede any
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other characters in a string.
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## Multi-line String
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@ -500,7 +502,7 @@ Newlines. They must use a special multi-line syntax, and they automatically
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"dedent" the string, allowing its value to be indented to a visually matching
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level as desired.
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A Multi-Line String is opened and closed by *three* double-quote characters,
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A Multi-Line String is opened and closed by _three_ double-quote characters,
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like `"""`.
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Its first line _MUST_ immediately start with a Newline ({{newline}})
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after its opening `"""`.
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@ -770,15 +772,15 @@ individual implementations to determine how to represent KDL numbers.
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There are five syntaxes for Numbers: Keywords, Decimal, Hexadecimal, Octal, and Binary.
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* All non-Keyword ({{keyword-numbers}}) numbers may optionally start with one of `-` or `+`, which determine whether they'll be positive or negative.
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* Binary numbers start with `0b` and only allow `0` and `1` as digits, which may be separated by `_`. They represent numbers in radix 2.
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* Octal numbers start with `0o` and only allow digits between `0` and `7`, which may be separated by `_`. They represent numbers in radix 8.
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* Hexadecimal numbers start with `0x` and allow digits between `0` and `9`, as well as letters `A` through `F`, in either lower or upper case, which may be separated by `_`. They represent numbers in radix 16.
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* Decimal numbers are a bit more special:
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* They have no radix prefix.
|
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* They use digits `0` through `9`, which may be separated by `_`.
|
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* They may optionally include a decimal separator `.`, followed by more digits, which may again be separated by `_`.
|
||||
* They may optionally be followed by `E` or `e`, an optional `-` or `+`, and more digits, to represent an exponent value.
|
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- All non-Keyword ({{keyword-numbers}}) numbers may optionally start with one of `-` or `+`, which determine whether they'll be positive or negative.
|
||||
- Binary numbers start with `0b` and only allow `0` and `1` as digits, which may be separated by `_`. They represent numbers in radix 2.
|
||||
- Octal numbers start with `0o` and only allow digits between `0` and `7`, which may be separated by `_`. They represent numbers in radix 8.
|
||||
- Hexadecimal numbers start with `0x` and allow digits between `0` and `9`, as well as letters `A` through `F`, in either lower or upper case, which may be separated by `_`. They represent numbers in radix 16.
|
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- Decimal numbers are a bit more special:
|
||||
- They have no radix prefix.
|
||||
- They use digits `0` through `9`, which may be separated by `_`.
|
||||
- They may optionally include a decimal separator `.`, followed by more digits, which may again be separated by `_`.
|
||||
- They may optionally be followed by `E` or `e`, an optional `-` or `+`, and more digits, to represent an exponent value.
|
||||
|
||||
Note that, similar to JSON and some other languages,
|
||||
numbers without an integer digit (such as `.1`) are illegal.
|
||||
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|
@ -790,9 +792,9 @@ They must be written with at least one integer digit, like `0.1`.
|
|||
There are three special "keyword" numbers included in KDL to accomodate the
|
||||
widespread use of [IEEE 754](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_754) floats:
|
||||
|
||||
* `#inf` - floating point positive infinity.
|
||||
* `#-inf` - floating point negative infinity.
|
||||
* `#nan` - floating point NaN/Not a Number.
|
||||
- `#inf` - floating point positive infinity.
|
||||
- `#-inf` - floating point negative infinity.
|
||||
- `#nan` - floating point NaN/Not a Number.
|
||||
|
||||
To go along with this and prevent foot guns, the bare Identifier
|
||||
Strings ({{identifier-string}}) `inf`, `-inf`, and `nan` are considered illegal
|
||||
|
|
@ -832,7 +834,7 @@ The following characters should be treated as non-Newline ({{newline}}) [white
|
|||
space](https://www.unicode.org/Public/UCD/latest/ucd/PropList.txt):
|
||||
|
||||
| Name | Code Pt |
|
||||
|----------------------|---------|
|
||||
| ------------------------- | -------- |
|
||||
| Character Tabulation | `U+0009` |
|
||||
| Space | `U+0020` |
|
||||
| No-Break Space | `U+00A0` |
|
||||
|
|
@ -848,7 +850,7 @@ space](https://www.unicode.org/Public/UCD/latest/ucd/PropList.txt):
|
|||
| Punctuation Space | `U+2008` |
|
||||
| Thin Space | `U+2009` |
|
||||
| Hair Space | `U+200A` |
|
||||
| Narrow No-Break Space| `U+202F` |
|
||||
| Narrow No-Break Space | `U+202F` |
|
||||
| Medium Mathematical Space | `U+205F` |
|
||||
| Ideographic Space | `U+3000` |
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -873,12 +875,12 @@ have those elements not be included as part of the parsed document data.
|
|||
Slashdash comments can be used before the following, including before their type
|
||||
annotations, if present:
|
||||
|
||||
* A Node ({{node}}): the entire Node is treated as Whitespace, including all
|
||||
- A Node ({{node}}): the entire Node is treated as Whitespace, including all
|
||||
props, args, and children.
|
||||
* An Argument ({{argument}}): the Argument value is treated as Whitespace.
|
||||
* A Property ({{property}}) key: the entire property, including both key and value,
|
||||
- An Argument ({{argument}}): the Argument value is treated as Whitespace.
|
||||
- A Property ({{property}}) key: the entire property, including both key and value,
|
||||
is treated as Whitespace. A slashdash of just the property value is not allowed.
|
||||
* A Children Block ({{children-block}}): the entire block, including all
|
||||
- A Children Block ({{children-block}}): the entire block, including all
|
||||
children within, is treated as Whitespace. Only other children blocks, whether
|
||||
slashdashed or not, may follow a slashdashed children block.
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -891,7 +893,7 @@ The following character sequences [should be treated as new
|
|||
lines](https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode16.0.0/core-spec/chapter-5/#G41643):
|
||||
|
||||
| Acronym | Name | Code Pt |
|
||||
|---------|-----------------|---------|
|
||||
| ------- | ----------------------------- | ------------------- |
|
||||
| CRLF | Carriage Return and Line Feed | `U+000D` + `U+000A` |
|
||||
| CR | Carriage Return | `U+000D` |
|
||||
| LF | Line Feed | `U+000A` |
|
||||
|
|
@ -910,15 +912,15 @@ The following code points may not appear literally anywhere in the document.
|
|||
They may be represented in Strings (but not Raw Strings) using Unicode Escapes ({{escapes}}) (`\u{...}`,
|
||||
except for non Unicode Scalar Value, which can't be represented even as escapes).
|
||||
|
||||
* The codepoints `U+0000-0008` or the codepoints `U+000E-001F` (various
|
||||
- The codepoints `U+0000-0008` or the codepoints `U+000E-001F` (various
|
||||
control characters).
|
||||
* `U+007F` (the Delete control character).
|
||||
* Any codepoint that is not a [Unicode Scalar
|
||||
- `U+007F` (the Delete control character).
|
||||
- Any codepoint that is not a [Unicode Scalar
|
||||
Value](https://unicode.org/glossary/#unicode_scalar_value) (`U+D800-DFFF`).
|
||||
* `U+200E-200F`, `U+202A-202E`, and `U+2066-2069`, the [unicode
|
||||
- `U+200E-200F`, `U+202A-202E`, and `U+2066-2069`, the [unicode
|
||||
"direction control"
|
||||
characters](https://www.w3.org/International/questions/qa-bidi-unicode-controls)
|
||||
* `U+FEFF`, aka Zero-width Non-breaking Space (ZWNBSP)/Byte Order Mark (BOM),
|
||||
- `U+FEFF`, aka Zero-width Non-breaking Space (ZWNBSP)/Byte Order Mark (BOM),
|
||||
except as the first code point in a document.
|
||||
|
||||
# Full Grammar
|
||||
|
|
@ -983,12 +985,12 @@ string-character :=
|
|||
[^\\"] - disallowed-literal-code-points
|
||||
ws-escape := '\\' (unicode-space | newline)+
|
||||
hex-digit := [0-9a-fA-F]
|
||||
hex-unicode := hex-digit{1, 6} - surrogate - above-max-scalar // Unicode Scalar Value in hex₁₆, leading 0s allowed within length ≤ 6
|
||||
hex-unicode := hex-digit{1, 6} - surrogate - above-max-scalar
|
||||
surrogate := [0]{0, 2} [dD] [8-9a-fA-F] hex-digit{2}
|
||||
// U+D800-DFFF: D 8 00
|
||||
// D F FF
|
||||
above-max-scalar = [2-9a-fA-F] hex-digit{5} | [1] [1-9a-fA-F] hex-digit{4}
|
||||
// >U+10FFFF: >1 _____ 1 >0 ____
|
||||
above-max-scalar = [2-9a-fA-F] hex-digit{5} |
|
||||
[1] [1-9a-fA-F] hex-digit{4}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
raw-string := '#' raw-string-quotes '#' | '#' raw-string '#'
|
||||
|
|
@ -1062,16 +1064,16 @@ version :=
|
|||
The grammar language syntax is a combination of ABNF with some regex spice thrown in.
|
||||
Specifically:
|
||||
|
||||
* Single quotes (`'`) are used to denote literal text. `\` within a literal
|
||||
- Single quotes (`'`) are used to denote literal text. `\` within a literal
|
||||
string is used for escaping other single-quotes, for initiating unicode
|
||||
characters using hex values (`\u{FEFF}`), and for escaping `\` itself
|
||||
(`\\`).
|
||||
* `*` is used for "zero or more", `+` is used for "one or more", and `?` is
|
||||
used for "zero or one". Per standard regex semantics, `*` and `+` are *greedy*;
|
||||
- `*` is used for "zero or more", `+` is used for "one or more", and `?` is
|
||||
used for "zero or one". Per standard regex semantics, `*` and `+` are _greedy_;
|
||||
they match as many instances as possible without failing the match.
|
||||
* `*?` (used only in raw strings) indicates a *non-greedy* match;
|
||||
it matches as *few* instances as possible without failing the match.
|
||||
* `¶` is a *cut point*. It always matches and consumes no characters,
|
||||
- `*?` (used only in raw strings) indicates a _non-greedy_ match;
|
||||
it matches as _few_ instances as possible without failing the match.
|
||||
- `¶` is a _cut point_. It always matches and consumes no characters,
|
||||
but once matched, the parser is not allowed to backtrack past that point in the source.
|
||||
If a parser would rewind past the cut point, it must instead fail the overall parse,
|
||||
as if it had run out of options.
|
||||
|
|
@ -1079,16 +1081,16 @@ Specifically:
|
|||
to ensure the first instance of the appropriate closing quote sequence
|
||||
is guaranteed to be the end of the raw string,
|
||||
rather than allowing it to potentially consume more of the document unexpectedly.)
|
||||
* `()` can be used to group matches that must be matched together.
|
||||
* `a | b` means `a or b`, whichever matches first. If multiple items are before
|
||||
- `()` can be used to group matches that must be matched together.
|
||||
- `a | b` means `a or b`, whichever matches first. If multiple items are before
|
||||
a `|`, they are a single group. `a b c | d` is equivalent to `(a b c) | d`.
|
||||
* `[]` are used for regex-style character matches, where any character between
|
||||
- `[]` are used for regex-style character matches, where any character between
|
||||
the brackets will be a single match. `\` is used to escape `\`, `[`, and
|
||||
`]`. They also support character ranges (`0-9`), and negation (`^`)
|
||||
* `-` is used for "except for" or "minus" whatever follows it. For example,
|
||||
- `-` is used for "except for" or "minus" whatever follows it. For example,
|
||||
`a - 'x'` means "any `a`, except something that matches the literal `'x'`".
|
||||
* The prefix `^` means "something that does not match" whatever follows it.
|
||||
- The prefix `^` means "something that does not match" whatever follows it.
|
||||
For example, `^foo` means "must not match `foo`".
|
||||
* A single definition may be split over multiple lines. Newlines are treated as
|
||||
- A single definition may be split over multiple lines. Newlines are treated as
|
||||
spaces.
|
||||
* `//` followed by text on its own line is used as comment syntax.
|
||||
- `//` followed by text on its own line is used as comment syntax.
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue