Refactor route registration to use RouteInfo struct & cargo clippy

- Introduced a new `experimental-introspection` feature that provides comprehensive reports on configured routes, including paths, methods, guards, and resource metadata.
- Added support for reachability hints to identify shadowed or conflicting routes.
- Implemented new endpoints for external resources reporting.
- Updated existing route registration to include detailed introspection data.
- Enhanced guard implementations to provide introspection details.

actix-web/CHANGES.md

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 ## Unreleased
 
-- Add `experimental-introspection` feature for retrieving configured route paths and HTTP methods.
+- Add `experimental-introspection` feature to report configured routes (paths, methods, guards, resource metadata), include reachability hints for shadowed/conflicting routes, and provide a separate report for external resources.
 - Minimum supported Rust version (MSRV) is now 1.82.
 
 ## 4.12.1

actix-web/examples/introspection.rs

@@ -41,6 +41,16 @@ async fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
                 .body(report)
         }
 
+        // GET /introspection/externals for external resources report
+        async fn introspection_handler_externals(
+            tree: web::Data<actix_web::introspection::IntrospectionTree>,
+        ) -> impl Responder {
+            let report = tree.report_externals_as_json();
+            HttpResponse::Ok()
+                .content_type("application/json")
+                .body(report)
+        }
+
         // GET /introspection for plain text response
         async fn introspection_handler_text(
             tree: web::Data<actix_web::introspection::IntrospectionTree>,
@@ -95,6 +105,21 @@ async fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
             HttpResponse::Ok().body("Welcome to the Root Endpoint!")
         }
 
+        // GET /alpha and /beta (named multi-pattern resource)
+        async fn multi_pattern() -> impl Responder {
+            HttpResponse::Ok().body("Hello from multi-pattern resource!")
+        }
+
+        // GET /acceptable (Acceptable guard)
+        async fn acceptable_guarded() -> impl Responder {
+            HttpResponse::Ok().body("Acceptable guard matched!")
+        }
+
+        // GET /hosted (Host guard)
+        async fn host_guarded() -> impl Responder {
+            HttpResponse::Ok().body("Host guard matched!")
+        }
+
         // Additional endpoints for /extra
         fn extra_endpoints(cfg: &mut web::ServiceConfig) {
             cfg.service(
@@ -169,6 +194,8 @@ async fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
                 // Get introspection report
                 // curl --location '127.0.0.1:8080/introspection' --header 'Accept: application/json'
                 // curl --location '127.0.0.1:8080/introspection' --header 'Accept: text/plain'
+                // curl --location '127.0.0.1:8080/introspection/externals'
+                .external_resource("app-external", "https://example.com/{id}")
                 .service(
                     web::resource("/introspection")
                         .route(
@@ -182,9 +209,31 @@ async fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
                                 .to(introspection_handler_text),
                         ),
                 )
+                .service(
+                    web::resource("/introspection/externals")
+                        .route(web::get().to(introspection_handler_externals)),
+                )
+                .service(
+                    web::resource(["/alpha", "/beta"])
+                        .name("multi")
+                        .route(web::get().to(multi_pattern)),
+                )
+                .route(
+                    "/acceptable",
+                    web::get()
+                        .guard(guard::Acceptable::new(mime::APPLICATION_JSON).match_star_star())
+                        .to(acceptable_guarded),
+                )
+                .route(
+                    "/hosted",
+                    web::get().guard(guard::Host("127.0.0.1")).to(host_guarded),
+                )
                 // API endpoints under /api
                 .service(
                     web::scope("/api")
+                        .configure(|cfg| {
+                            cfg.external_resource("api-external", "https://api.example/{id}");
+                        })
                         // Endpoints under /api/v1
                         .service(
                             web::scope("/v1")

actix-web/src/app_service.rs

@@ -107,6 +107,10 @@ where
 
         // external resources
         for mut rdef in mem::take(&mut *self.external.borrow_mut()) {
+            #[cfg(feature = "experimental-introspection")]
+            {
+                self.introspector.borrow_mut().register_external(&rdef, "/");
+            }
             rmap.add(&mut rdef, None);
         }
 

actix-web/src/config.rs

@@ -35,6 +35,10 @@ pub struct AppService {
     #[cfg(feature = "experimental-introspection")]
     pub(crate) introspector:
         std::rc::Rc<std::cell::RefCell<crate::introspection::IntrospectionCollector>>,
+    #[cfg(feature = "experimental-introspection")]
+    pub(crate) scope_id_stack: Vec<usize>,
+    #[cfg(feature = "experimental-introspection")]
+    pending_scope_id: Option<usize>,
 }
 
 impl AppService {
@@ -51,6 +55,10 @@ impl AppService {
             introspector: std::rc::Rc::new(std::cell::RefCell::new(
                 crate::introspection::IntrospectionCollector::new(),
             )),
+            #[cfg(feature = "experimental-introspection")]
+            scope_id_stack: Vec::new(),
+            #[cfg(feature = "experimental-introspection")]
+            pending_scope_id: None,
         }
     }
 
@@ -104,6 +112,10 @@ impl AppService {
             current_prefix: self.current_prefix.clone(),
             #[cfg(feature = "experimental-introspection")]
             introspector: std::rc::Rc::clone(&self.introspector),
+            #[cfg(feature = "experimental-introspection")]
+            scope_id_stack: self.scope_id_stack.clone(),
+            #[cfg(feature = "experimental-introspection")]
+            pending_scope_id: None,
         }
     }
 
@@ -138,19 +150,6 @@ impl AppService {
         {
             use std::borrow::Borrow;
 
-            // Build the full path for introspection
-            let pat = rdef.pattern().unwrap_or("").to_string();
-
-            let full_path = if self.current_prefix.is_empty() {
-                pat.clone()
-            } else {
-                format!(
-                    "{}/{}",
-                    self.current_prefix.trim_end_matches('/'),
-                    pat.trim_start_matches('/')
-                )
-            };
-
             // Extract methods and guards for introspection
             let guard_list: &[Box<dyn Guard>] = guards.borrow().as_ref().map_or(&[], |v| &v[..]);
             let methods = guard_list
@@ -170,15 +169,40 @@ impl AppService {
                 .iter()
                 .map(|g| g.name().to_string())
                 .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+            let guard_details = crate::introspection::guard_reports_from_iter(guard_list.iter());
 
-            // Determine if the registered service is a resource
-            let is_resource = rdef.pattern().is_some();
-            self.introspector.borrow_mut().register_pattern_detail(
-                full_path,
-                methods,
-                guard_names,
-                is_resource,
-            );
+            let is_resource = nested.is_none();
+            let full_paths = crate::introspection::expand_patterns(&self.current_prefix, &rdef);
+            let patterns = rdef
+                .pattern_iter()
+                .map(|pattern| pattern.to_string())
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+            let resource_name = rdef.name().map(|name| name.to_string());
+            let is_prefix = rdef.is_prefix();
+            let scope_id = if nested.is_some() {
+                self.pending_scope_id.take()
+            } else {
+                None
+            };
+            let parent_scope_id = self.scope_id_stack.last().copied();
+
+            for full_path in full_paths {
+                let info = crate::introspection::RouteInfo::new(
+                    full_path,
+                    methods.clone(),
+                    guard_names.clone(),
+                    guard_details.clone(),
+                    patterns.clone(),
+                    resource_name.clone(),
+                );
+                self.introspector.borrow_mut().register_service(
+                    info,
+                    is_resource,
+                    is_prefix,
+                    scope_id,
+                    parent_scope_id,
+                );
+            }
         }
 
         self.services
@@ -188,15 +212,23 @@ impl AppService {
     /// Update the current path prefix.
     #[cfg(feature = "experimental-introspection")]
     pub(crate) fn update_prefix(&mut self, prefix: &str) {
-        self.current_prefix = if self.current_prefix.is_empty() {
-            prefix.to_string()
-        } else {
-            format!(
-                "{}/{}",
-                self.current_prefix.trim_end_matches('/'),
-                prefix.trim_start_matches('/')
-            )
-        };
+        let next = ResourceDef::root_prefix(prefix);
+
+        if self.current_prefix.is_empty() {
+            self.current_prefix = next.pattern().unwrap_or("").to_string();
+            return;
+        }
+
+        let current = ResourceDef::root_prefix(&self.current_prefix);
+        let joined = current.join(&next);
+        self.current_prefix = joined.pattern().unwrap_or("").to_string();
+    }
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "experimental-introspection")]
+    pub(crate) fn prepare_scope_id(&mut self) -> usize {
+        let scope_id = self.introspector.borrow_mut().next_scope_id();
+        self.pending_scope_id = Some(scope_id);
+        scope_id
     }
 }
 

actix-web/src/guard/acceptable.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use super::{Guard, GuardContext};
+use super::{Guard, GuardContext, GuardDetail};
 use crate::http::header::Accept;
 
 /// A guard that verifies that an `Accept` header is present and it contains a compatible MIME type.
@@ -63,6 +63,37 @@ impl Guard for Acceptable {
 
         false
     }
+
+    fn name(&self) -> String {
+        #[cfg(feature = "experimental-introspection")]
+        {
+            if self.match_star_star {
+                format!("Acceptable({}, match_star_star=true)", self.mime)
+            } else {
+                format!("Acceptable({})", self.mime)
+            }
+        }
+        #[cfg(not(feature = "experimental-introspection"))]
+        {
+            std::any::type_name::<Self>().to_string()
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn details(&self) -> Option<Vec<GuardDetail>> {
+        #[cfg(feature = "experimental-introspection")]
+        {
+            let mut details = Vec::new();
+            details.push(GuardDetail::Generic(format!("mime={}", self.mime)));
+            if self.match_star_star {
+                details.push(GuardDetail::Generic("match_star_star=true".to_string()));
+            }
+            Some(details)
+        }
+        #[cfg(not(feature = "experimental-introspection"))]
+        {
+            None
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -96,4 +127,28 @@ mod tests {
             .match_star_star()
             .check(&req.guard_ctx()));
     }
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "experimental-introspection")]
+    #[test]
+    fn acceptable_guard_details_include_mime() {
+        let guard = Acceptable::new(mime::APPLICATION_JSON).match_star_star();
+        let details = guard.details().expect("missing guard details");
+
+        assert!(details.iter().any(|detail| match detail {
+            GuardDetail::Generic(value) => value == "match_star_star=true",
+            _ => false,
+        }));
+        let expected = format!("mime={}", mime::APPLICATION_JSON);
+        assert!(details.iter().any(|detail| match detail {
+            GuardDetail::Generic(value) => value == &expected,
+            _ => false,
+        }));
+        assert_eq!(
+            guard.name(),
+            format!(
+                "Acceptable({}, match_star_star=true)",
+                mime::APPLICATION_JSON
+            )
+        );
+    }
 }

actix-web/src/guard/host.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use actix_http::{header, uri::Uri, RequestHead, Version};
 
-use super::{Guard, GuardContext};
+use super::{Guard, GuardContext, GuardDetail};
 
 /// Creates a guard that matches requests targeting a specific host.
 ///
@@ -117,6 +117,41 @@ impl Guard for HostGuard {
         // all conditions passed
         true
     }
+
+    fn name(&self) -> String {
+        #[cfg(feature = "experimental-introspection")]
+        {
+            if let Some(ref scheme) = self.scheme {
+                format!("Host({}, scheme={})", self.host, scheme)
+            } else {
+                format!("Host({})", self.host)
+            }
+        }
+        #[cfg(not(feature = "experimental-introspection"))]
+        {
+            std::any::type_name::<Self>().to_string()
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn details(&self) -> Option<Vec<GuardDetail>> {
+        #[cfg(feature = "experimental-introspection")]
+        {
+            let mut details = vec![GuardDetail::Headers(vec![(
+                "host".to_string(),
+                self.host.clone(),
+            )])];
+
+            if let Some(ref scheme) = self.scheme {
+                details.push(GuardDetail::Generic(format!("scheme={scheme}")));
+            }
+
+            Some(details)
+        }
+        #[cfg(not(feature = "experimental-introspection"))]
+        {
+            None
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
@@ -239,4 +274,23 @@ mod tests {
         let host = Host("localhost");
         assert!(!host.check(&req.guard_ctx()));
     }
+
+    #[cfg(feature = "experimental-introspection")]
+    #[test]
+    fn host_guard_details_include_host_and_scheme() {
+        let host = Host("example.com").scheme("https");
+        let details = host.details().expect("missing guard details");
+
+        assert!(details.iter().any(|detail| match detail {
+            GuardDetail::Headers(headers) => headers
+                .iter()
+                .any(|(name, value)| name == "host" && value == "example.com"),
+            _ => false,
+        }));
+        assert!(details.iter().any(|detail| match detail {
+            GuardDetail::Generic(value) => value == "scheme=https",
+            _ => false,
+        }));
+        assert_eq!(host.name(), "Host(example.com, scheme=https)");
+    }
 }

actix-web/src/guard/mod.rs

@@ -66,14 +66,14 @@ pub use self::{
     host::{Host, HostGuard},
 };
 
-/// Enum to encapsulate various introspection details of a Guard.
+/// Enum to encapsulate various introspection details of a guard.
 #[derive(Debug, Clone)]
 pub enum GuardDetail {
-    /// Detail associated with HTTP methods.
+    /// Detail associated with explicit HTTP method guards.
     HttpMethods(Vec<String>),
     /// Detail associated with headers (header, value).
     Headers(Vec<(String, String)>),
-    /// Generic detail.
+    /// Generic detail, typically used for compound guard representations.
     Generic(String),
 }
 
@@ -141,7 +141,9 @@ pub trait Guard {
         std::any::type_name::<Self>().to_string()
     }
 
-    /// Returns detailed introspection information.
+    /// Returns detailed introspection information, when available.
+    ///
+    /// This is best-effort and may omit complex guard logic.
     fn details(&self) -> Option<Vec<GuardDetail>> {
         None
     }
@@ -358,7 +360,14 @@ impl<G: Guard> Guard for Not<G> {
         format!("Not({})", self.0.name())
     }
     fn details(&self) -> Option<Vec<GuardDetail>> {
-        self.0.details()
+        #[cfg(feature = "experimental-introspection")]
+        {
+            Some(vec![GuardDetail::Generic(self.name())])
+        }
+        #[cfg(not(feature = "experimental-introspection"))]
+        {
+            None
+        }
     }
 }
 

actix-web/src/resource.rs

@@ -434,42 +434,58 @@ where
         {
             use crate::http::Method;
 
+            let full_paths = crate::introspection::expand_patterns(&config.current_prefix, &rdef);
+            let patterns = rdef
+                .pattern_iter()
+                .map(|pattern| pattern.to_string())
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>();
             let guards_routes = routes.iter().map(|r| r.guards()).collect::<Vec<_>>();
-
-            let pat = rdef.pattern().unwrap_or("").to_string();
-            let full_path = if config.current_prefix.is_empty() {
-                pat.clone()
-            } else {
-                format!(
-                    "{}/{}",
-                    config.current_prefix.trim_end_matches('/'),
-                    pat.trim_start_matches('/')
-                )
-            };
+            let scope_id = config.scope_id_stack.last().copied();
+            let resource_guards: &[Box<dyn Guard>] = guards.as_deref().unwrap_or(&[]);
+            let resource_name = self.name.clone();
 
             for route_guards in guards_routes {
                 // Log the guards and methods for introspection
-                let guard_names = route_guards.iter().map(|g| g.name()).collect::<Vec<_>>();
-                let methods = route_guards
-                    .iter()
-                    .flat_map(|g| g.details().unwrap_or_default())
-                    .flat_map(|d| {
-                        if let crate::guard::GuardDetail::HttpMethods(v) = d {
-                            v.into_iter()
-                                .filter_map(|s| s.parse::<Method>().ok())
-                                .collect::<Vec<_>>()
-                        } else {
-                            Vec::new()
-                        }
-                    })
-                    .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+                let mut guard_names = Vec::new();
+                let mut methods = Vec::new();
 
-                config.introspector.borrow_mut().register_pattern_detail(
-                    full_path.clone(),
-                    methods,
-                    guard_names,
-                    true,
+                for guard in resource_guards.iter().chain(route_guards.iter()) {
+                    guard_names.push(guard.name());
+                    methods.extend(
+                        guard
+                            .details()
+                            .unwrap_or_default()
+                            .into_iter()
+                            .flat_map(|d| {
+                                if let crate::guard::GuardDetail::HttpMethods(v) = d {
+                                    v.into_iter()
+                                        .filter_map(|s| s.parse::<Method>().ok())
+                                        .collect::<Vec<_>>()
+                                } else {
+                                    Vec::new()
+                                }
+                            }),
+                    );
+                }
+
+                let guard_details = crate::introspection::guard_reports_from_iter(
+                    resource_guards.iter().chain(route_guards.iter()),
                 );
+
+                for full_path in &full_paths {
+                    let info = crate::introspection::RouteInfo::new(
+                        full_path.clone(),
+                        methods.clone(),
+                        guard_names.clone(),
+                        guard_details.clone(),
+                        patterns.clone(),
+                        resource_name.clone(),
+                    );
+                    config
+                        .introspector
+                        .borrow_mut()
+                        .register_route(info, scope_id);
+                }
             }
         }
 

actix-web/src/scope.rs

@@ -387,7 +387,11 @@ where
 
         // Update the prefix for the nested scope
         #[cfg(feature = "experimental-introspection")]
-        cfg.update_prefix(&self.rdef);
+        {
+            let scope_id = config.prepare_scope_id();
+            cfg.scope_id_stack.push(scope_id);
+            cfg.update_prefix(&self.rdef);
+        }
 
         self.services
             .into_iter()
@@ -395,8 +399,17 @@ where
 
         let mut rmap = ResourceMap::new(ResourceDef::root_prefix(&self.rdef));
 
+        #[cfg(feature = "experimental-introspection")]
+        let origin_scope = cfg.current_prefix.clone();
+
         // external resources
         for mut rdef in mem::take(&mut self.external) {
+            #[cfg(feature = "experimental-introspection")]
+            {
+                cfg.introspector
+                    .borrow_mut()
+                    .register_external(&rdef, &origin_scope);
+            }
             rmap.add(&mut rdef, None);
         }
 

actix-web/tests/introspection.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+#![cfg(feature = "experimental-introspection")]
+
+use actix_web::{guard, test, web, App, HttpResponse};
+
+async fn introspection_handler(
+    tree: web::Data<actix_web::introspection::IntrospectionTree>,
+) -> HttpResponse {
+    HttpResponse::Ok()
+        .content_type("application/json")
+        .body(tree.report_as_json())
+}
+
+async fn externals_handler(
+    tree: web::Data<actix_web::introspection::IntrospectionTree>,
+) -> HttpResponse {
+    HttpResponse::Ok()
+        .content_type("application/json")
+        .body(tree.report_externals_as_json())
+}
+
+fn find_item<'a>(items: &'a [serde_json::Value], path: &str) -> &'a serde_json::Value {
+    items
+        .iter()
+        .find(|item| item.get("full_path").and_then(|v| v.as_str()) == Some(path))
+        .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("missing route for {path}"))
+}
+
+fn find_external<'a>(items: &'a [serde_json::Value], name: &str) -> &'a serde_json::Value {
+    items
+        .iter()
+        .find(|item| item.get("name").and_then(|v| v.as_str()) == Some(name))
+        .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("missing external resource for {name}"))
+}
+
+#[actix_rt::test]
+async fn introspection_report_includes_details_and_metadata() {
+    let app = test::init_service(
+        App::new()
+            .external_resource("app-external", "https://example.com/{id}")
+            .service(
+                web::resource(["/alpha", "/beta"])
+                    .name("multi")
+                    .route(web::get().to(HttpResponse::Ok)),
+            )
+            .service(
+                web::resource("/guarded")
+                    .guard(guard::Header("accept", "text/plain"))
+                    .route(web::get().to(HttpResponse::Ok)),
+            )
+            .service(
+                web::scope("/scoped")
+                    .guard(guard::Header("x-scope", "1"))
+                    .configure(|cfg| {
+                        cfg.external_resource("scope-external", "https://scope.example/{id}");
+                    })
+                    .service(web::resource("/item").route(web::get().to(HttpResponse::Ok))),
+            )
+            .service(web::resource("/introspection").route(web::get().to(introspection_handler)))
+            .service(
+                web::resource("/introspection/externals").route(web::get().to(externals_handler)),
+            ),
+    )
+    .await;
+
+    let req = test::TestRequest::get().uri("/introspection").to_request();
+    let resp = test::call_service(&app, req).await;
+    assert!(resp.status().is_success());
+
+    let body = test::read_body(resp).await;
+    let items: Vec<serde_json::Value> =
+        serde_json::from_slice(&body).expect("invalid introspection json");
+
+    let alpha = find_item(&items, "/alpha");
+    let patterns = alpha
+        .get("patterns")
+        .and_then(|v| v.as_array())
+        .expect("patterns missing");
+    let patterns = patterns
+        .iter()
+        .filter_map(|v| v.as_str())
+        .collect::<Vec<_>>();
+    assert!(patterns.contains(&"/alpha"));
+    assert!(patterns.contains(&"/beta"));
+    assert_eq!(
+        alpha.get("resource_name").and_then(|v| v.as_str()),
+        Some("multi")
+    );
+    assert_eq!(
+        alpha.get("resource_type").and_then(|v| v.as_str()),
+        Some("resource")
+    );
+
+    let guarded = find_item(&items, "/guarded");
+    let guards = guarded
+        .get("guards")
+        .and_then(|v| v.as_array())
+        .expect("guards missing");
+    assert!(guards
+        .iter()
+        .any(|v| v.as_str() == Some("Header(accept, text/plain)")));
+
+    let guard_details = guarded
+        .get("guards_detail")
+        .and_then(|v| v.as_array())
+        .expect("guards_detail missing");
+    assert!(!guard_details.is_empty());
+
+    let alpha_guards = alpha
+        .get("guards")
+        .and_then(|v| v.as_array())
+        .expect("alpha guards missing");
+    let alpha_guard_details = alpha
+        .get("guards_detail")
+        .and_then(|v| v.as_array())
+        .expect("alpha guards_detail missing");
+    assert!(alpha_guards.is_empty());
+    assert!(!alpha_guard_details.is_empty());
+
+    let scoped = find_item(&items, "/scoped");
+    assert_eq!(
+        scoped.get("resource_type").and_then(|v| v.as_str()),
+        Some("scope")
+    );
+    let scoped_guards = scoped
+        .get("guards")
+        .and_then(|v| v.as_array())
+        .expect("scoped guards missing");
+    assert!(scoped_guards
+        .iter()
+        .any(|v| v.as_str() == Some("Header(x-scope, 1)")));
+
+    let req = test::TestRequest::get()
+        .uri("/introspection/externals")
+        .to_request();
+    let resp = test::call_service(&app, req).await;
+    assert!(resp.status().is_success());
+
+    let body = test::read_body(resp).await;
+    let externals: Vec<serde_json::Value> =
+        serde_json::from_slice(&body).expect("invalid externals json");
+
+    let app_external = find_external(&externals, "app-external");
+    let app_patterns = app_external
+        .get("patterns")
+        .and_then(|v| v.as_array())
+        .expect("app external patterns missing");
+    assert!(app_patterns
+        .iter()
+        .any(|v| v.as_str() == Some("https://example.com/{id}")));
+    assert_eq!(
+        app_external.get("origin_scope").and_then(|v| v.as_str()),
+        Some("/")
+    );
+
+    let scope_external = find_external(&externals, "scope-external");
+    let scope_patterns = scope_external
+        .get("patterns")
+        .and_then(|v| v.as_array())
+        .expect("scope external patterns missing");
+    assert!(scope_patterns
+        .iter()
+        .any(|v| v.as_str() == Some("https://scope.example/{id}")));
+    assert_eq!(
+        scope_external.get("origin_scope").and_then(|v| v.as_str()),
+        Some("/scoped")
+    );
+}