diff --git a/CHANGES.md b/CHANGES.md
index c754d4dd6..514299e45 100644
--- a/CHANGES.md
+++ b/CHANGES.md
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 ### Added
 * Methods on `AcceptLanguage`: `ranked` and `preference`. [#2480]
 * `AcceptEncoding` typed header. [#2482]
+* `HttpResponse::map_into_boxed_body`. [#????]
 
 ### Changed
 * Rename `Accept::{mime_precedence => ranked}`. [#2480]
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@
 * Accept wildcard `*` items in `AcceptLanguage`. [#2480]
 * Typed headers containing lists that require one or more items now enforce this minimum. [#2482]
 
+[#????]: https://github.com/actix/actix-web/pull/????
 [#2480]: https://github.com/actix/actix-web/pull/2480
 [#2482]: https://github.com/actix/actix-web/pull/2482
 
diff --git a/actix-files/src/named.rs b/actix-files/src/named.rs
index 547048bbd..2026868ec 100644
--- a/actix-files/src/named.rs
+++ b/actix-files/src/named.rs
@@ -527,7 +527,10 @@ impl NamedFile {
         if precondition_failed {
             return resp.status(StatusCode::PRECONDITION_FAILED).finish();
         } else if not_modified {
-            return resp.status(StatusCode::NOT_MODIFIED).body(AnyBody::None);
+            return resp
+                .status(StatusCode::NOT_MODIFIED)
+                .body(AnyBody::<()>::None)
+                .map_into_boxed_body();
         }
 
         let reader = super::chunked::new_chunked_read(length, offset, self.file);
diff --git a/actix-http/CHANGES.md b/actix-http/CHANGES.md
index 767029591..a4ede553a 100644
--- a/actix-http/CHANGES.md
+++ b/actix-http/CHANGES.md
@@ -6,10 +6,14 @@
 * HTTP/2 handshake timeout can be configured with `ServiceConfig::client_timeout`. [#2483]
 * Rename `body::BoxBody::{from_body => new}`. [#????]
 * `Response::into_boxed_body`. [#????]
+* `Response::map_into_boxed_body`. [#????]
 * `body::EitherBody` enum. [#????]
+* `body::None` struct. [#????]
+* `impl Clone for ws::HandshakeError`. [#????]
 
 ### Changed
 * Rename `body::BoxBody::{from_body => new}`. [#????]
+* Body type for `Responses` returned from `Response::{new, ok, etc...}` is now `BoxBody`. [#????]
 
 ### Removed
 * Remove unnecessary `MessageBody` bound on types passed to `body::AnyBody::new`. [#????]
diff --git a/actix-http/examples/echo2.rs b/actix-http/examples/echo2.rs
index 6e5ddec7c..ea6d69ef8 100644
--- a/actix-http/examples/echo2.rs
+++ b/actix-http/examples/echo2.rs
@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 use std::io;
 
-use actix_http::{body::AnyBody, http::HeaderValue, http::StatusCode};
-use actix_http::{Error, HttpService, Request, Response};
+use actix_http::{
+    body::BoxBody, http::HeaderValue, http::StatusCode, Error, HttpService, Request,
+    Response,
+};
 use actix_server::Server;
 use bytes::BytesMut;
 use futures_util::StreamExt as _;
 
-async fn handle_request(mut req: Request) -> Result<Response<AnyBody>, Error> {
+async fn handle_request(mut req: Request) -> Result<Response<BoxBody>, Error> {
     let mut body = BytesMut::new();
     while let Some(item) = req.payload().next().await {
         body.extend_from_slice(&item?)
@@ -16,7 +18,8 @@ async fn handle_request(mut req: Request) -> Result<Response<AnyBody>, Error> {
 
     Ok(Response::build(StatusCode::OK)
         .insert_header(("x-head", HeaderValue::from_static("dummy value!")))
-        .body(body))
+        .body(body)
+        .map_into_boxed_body())
 }
 
 #[actix_rt::main]
diff --git a/actix-http/src/body/boxed.rs b/actix-http/src/body/boxed.rs
index f232c3332..249b5bbb2 100644
--- a/actix-http/src/body/boxed.rs
+++ b/actix-http/src/body/boxed.rs
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ impl BoxBody {
 
 impl fmt::Debug for BoxBody {
     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        f.write_str("BoxAnyBody(dyn MessageBody)")
+        f.write_str("BoxBody(dyn MessageBody)")
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/actix-http/src/body/message_body.rs b/actix-http/src/body/message_body.rs
index 932afd2e5..e1d928bc9 100644
--- a/actix-http/src/body/message_body.rs
+++ b/actix-http/src/body/message_body.rs
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ impl MessageBody for Infallible {
 
     fn poll_next(
         self: Pin<&mut Self>,
-        _: &mut Context<'_>,
+        _cx: &mut Context<'_>,
     ) -> Poll<Option<Result<Bytes, Self::Error>>> {
         match *self {}
     }
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ impl MessageBody for () {
 
     fn poll_next(
         self: Pin<&mut Self>,
-        _: &mut Context<'_>,
+        _cx: &mut Context<'_>,
     ) -> Poll<Option<Result<Bytes, Self::Error>>> {
         Poll::Ready(None)
     }
@@ -93,6 +93,27 @@ where
     }
 }
 
+impl MessageBody for &'static [u8] {
+    type Error = Infallible;
+
+    fn size(&self) -> BodySize {
+        BodySize::Sized(self.len() as u64)
+    }
+
+    fn poll_next(
+        self: Pin<&mut Self>,
+        _cx: &mut Context<'_>,
+    ) -> Poll<Option<Result<Bytes, Self::Error>>> {
+        if self.is_empty() {
+            Poll::Ready(None)
+        } else {
+            let bytes = mem::take(self.get_mut());
+            let bytes = Bytes::from_static(bytes);
+            Poll::Ready(Some(Ok(bytes)))
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl MessageBody for Bytes {
     type Error = Infallible;
 
@@ -102,16 +123,36 @@ impl MessageBody for Bytes {
 
     fn poll_next(
         self: Pin<&mut Self>,
-        _: &mut Context<'_>,
+        _cx: &mut Context<'_>,
     ) -> Poll<Option<Result<Bytes, Self::Error>>> {
         if self.is_empty() {
             Poll::Ready(None)
         } else {
-            Poll::Ready(Some(Ok(mem::take(self.get_mut()))))
+            let bytes = mem::take(self.get_mut());
+            Poll::Ready(Some(Ok(bytes)))
         }
     }
 }
 
+// impl<'a> MessageBody for &'a Bytes {
+//     type Error = Infallible;
+
+//     fn size(&self) -> BodySize {
+//         BodySize::Sized(self.len() as u64)
+//     }
+
+//     fn poll_next(
+//         self: Pin<&mut Self>,
+//         _cx: &mut Context<'_>,
+//     ) -> Poll<Option<Result<Bytes, Self::Error>>> {
+//         if self.is_empty() {
+//             Poll::Ready(None)
+//         } else {
+//             Poll::Ready(Some(Ok(self.clone())))
+//         }
+//     }
+// }
+
 impl MessageBody for BytesMut {
     type Error = Infallible;
 
@@ -121,7 +162,7 @@ impl MessageBody for BytesMut {
 
     fn poll_next(
         self: Pin<&mut Self>,
-        _: &mut Context<'_>,
+        _cx: &mut Context<'_>,
     ) -> Poll<Option<Result<Bytes, Self::Error>>> {
         if self.is_empty() {
             Poll::Ready(None)
@@ -131,6 +172,25 @@ impl MessageBody for BytesMut {
     }
 }
 
+// impl<'a> MessageBody for &'a BytesMut {
+//     type Error = Infallible;
+
+//     fn size(&self) -> BodySize {
+//         BodySize::Sized(self.len() as u64)
+//     }
+
+//     fn poll_next(
+//         self: Pin<&mut Self>,
+//         _cx: &mut Context<'_>,
+//     ) -> Poll<Option<Result<Bytes, Self::Error>>> {
+//         if self.is_empty() {
+//             Poll::Ready(None)
+//         } else {
+//             Poll::Ready(Some(Ok(self.clone().freeze())))
+//         }
+//     }
+// }
+
 impl MessageBody for &'static str {
     type Error = Infallible;
 
@@ -140,14 +200,14 @@ impl MessageBody for &'static str {
 
     fn poll_next(
         self: Pin<&mut Self>,
-        _: &mut Context<'_>,
+        _cx: &mut Context<'_>,
     ) -> Poll<Option<Result<Bytes, Self::Error>>> {
         if self.is_empty() {
             Poll::Ready(None)
         } else {
-            Poll::Ready(Some(Ok(Bytes::from_static(
-                mem::take(self.get_mut()).as_ref(),
-            ))))
+            let string = mem::take(self.get_mut());
+            let bytes = Bytes::from_static(string.as_bytes());
+            Poll::Ready(Some(Ok(bytes)))
         }
     }
 }
@@ -161,7 +221,7 @@ impl MessageBody for Vec<u8> {
 
     fn poll_next(
         self: Pin<&mut Self>,
-        _: &mut Context<'_>,
+        _cx: &mut Context<'_>,
     ) -> Poll<Option<Result<Bytes, Self::Error>>> {
         if self.is_empty() {
             Poll::Ready(None)
@@ -180,18 +240,74 @@ impl MessageBody for String {
 
     fn poll_next(
         self: Pin<&mut Self>,
-        _: &mut Context<'_>,
+        _cx: &mut Context<'_>,
     ) -> Poll<Option<Result<Bytes, Self::Error>>> {
         if self.is_empty() {
             Poll::Ready(None)
         } else {
-            Poll::Ready(Some(Ok(Bytes::from(
-                mem::take(self.get_mut()).into_bytes(),
-            ))))
+            Poll::Ready(Some(Ok(Bytes::from(mem::take(self.get_mut())))))
         }
     }
 }
 
+// impl<'a> MessageBody for &'a String {
+//     type Error = Infallible;
+
+//     fn size(&self) -> BodySize {
+//         BodySize::Sized(self.len() as u64)
+//     }
+
+//     fn poll_next(
+//         self: Pin<&mut Self>,
+//         _cx: &mut Context<'_>,
+//     ) -> Poll<Option<Result<Bytes, Self::Error>>> {
+//         if self.is_empty() {
+//             Poll::Ready(None)
+//         } else {
+//             Poll::Ready(Some(Ok(Bytes::from(self.clone()))))
+//         }
+//     }
+// }
+
+// impl MessageBody for Cow<'_, str> {
+//     type Error = Infallible;
+
+//     fn size(&self) -> BodySize {
+//         BodySize::Sized(self.len() as u64)
+//     }
+
+//     fn poll_next(
+//         self: Pin<&mut Self>,
+//         cx: &mut Context<'_>,
+//     ) -> Poll<Option<Result<Bytes, Self::Error>>> {
+//         if self.is_empty() {
+//             Poll::Ready(None)
+//         } else {
+//             let cow = Pin::into_inner(self);
+//             let mut string = cow.clone().into_owned();
+//             Pin::new(&mut string).poll_next(cx)
+//         }
+//     }
+// }
+
+impl MessageBody for bytestring::ByteString {
+    type Error = Infallible;
+
+    fn size(&self) -> BodySize {
+        BodySize::Sized(self.len() as u64)
+    }
+
+    fn poll_next(
+        self: Pin<&mut Self>,
+        _cx: &mut Context<'_>,
+    ) -> Poll<Option<Result<Bytes, Self::Error>>> {
+        let string = mem::take(self.get_mut());
+        Poll::Ready(Some(Ok(string.into_bytes())))
+    }
+}
+
+// TODO: ensure consistent impls of MessageBody that always terminate
+
 pin_project! {
     pub(crate) struct MessageBodyMapErr<B, F> {
         #[pin]
diff --git a/actix-http/src/body/mod.rs b/actix-http/src/body/mod.rs
index a863aa0a1..004318e23 100644
--- a/actix-http/src/body/mod.rs
+++ b/actix-http/src/body/mod.rs
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ mod body_stream;
 mod boxed;
 mod either;
 mod message_body;
+mod none;
 mod size;
 mod sized_stream;
 mod utils;
@@ -18,6 +19,7 @@ pub use self::boxed::BoxBody;
 pub use self::either::EitherBody;
 pub use self::message_body::MessageBody;
 pub(crate) use self::message_body::MessageBodyMapErr;
+pub use self::none::None;
 pub use self::size::BodySize;
 pub use self::sized_stream::SizedStream;
 pub use self::utils::to_bytes;
diff --git a/actix-http/src/body/none.rs b/actix-http/src/body/none.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6de0a77f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actix-http/src/body/none.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+use std::{
+    convert::Infallible,
+    pin::Pin,
+    task::{Context, Poll},
+};
+
+use bytes::Bytes;
+
+use super::{BodySize, MessageBody};
+
+/// Body type for responses that forbid payloads.
+///
+/// Distinct from an empty response which would contain Content-Length header.
+///
+/// For an "empty" body, use `()` or `Bytes::new()`.
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, Default)]
+pub struct None(());
+
+impl None {
+    /// Constructs new "none" body.
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        None(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl MessageBody for None {
+    type Error = Infallible;
+
+    fn size(&self) -> BodySize {
+        BodySize::None
+    }
+
+    fn poll_next(
+        self: Pin<&mut Self>,
+        _cx: &mut Context<'_>,
+    ) -> Poll<Option<Result<Bytes, Self::Error>>> {
+        Poll::Ready(Option::None)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/actix-http/src/builder.rs b/actix-http/src/builder.rs
index 4e68dc920..e9af3809c 100644
--- a/actix-http/src/builder.rs
+++ b/actix-http/src/builder.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use actix_codec::Framed;
 use actix_service::{IntoServiceFactory, Service, ServiceFactory};
 
 use crate::{
-    body::{AnyBody, MessageBody},
+    body::{BoxBody, MessageBody},
     config::{KeepAlive, ServiceConfig},
     h1::{self, ExpectHandler, H1Service, UpgradeHandler},
     h2::H2Service,
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ pub struct HttpServiceBuilder<T, S, X = ExpectHandler, U = UpgradeHandler> {
 impl<T, S> HttpServiceBuilder<T, S, ExpectHandler, UpgradeHandler>
 where
     S: ServiceFactory<Request, Config = ()>,
-    S::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>> + 'static,
+    S::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>> + 'static,
     S::InitError: fmt::Debug,
     <S::Service as Service<Request>>::Future: 'static,
 {
@@ -54,11 +54,11 @@ where
 impl<T, S, X, U> HttpServiceBuilder<T, S, X, U>
 where
     S: ServiceFactory<Request, Config = ()>,
-    S::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>> + 'static,
+    S::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>> + 'static,
     S::InitError: fmt::Debug,
     <S::Service as Service<Request>>::Future: 'static,
     X: ServiceFactory<Request, Config = (), Response = Request>,
-    X::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>>,
+    X::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>>,
     X::InitError: fmt::Debug,
     U: ServiceFactory<(Request, Framed<T, h1::Codec>), Config = (), Response = ()>,
     U::Error: fmt::Display,
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ where
     where
         F: IntoServiceFactory<X1, Request>,
         X1: ServiceFactory<Request, Config = (), Response = Request>,
-        X1::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>>,
+        X1::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>>,
         X1::InitError: fmt::Debug,
     {
         HttpServiceBuilder {
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ where
     where
         B: MessageBody,
         F: IntoServiceFactory<S, Request>,
-        S::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>>,
+        S::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>>,
         S::InitError: fmt::Debug,
         S::Response: Into<Response<B>>,
     {
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ where
     pub fn h2<F, B>(self, service: F) -> H2Service<T, S, B>
     where
         F: IntoServiceFactory<S, Request>,
-        S::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>> + 'static,
+        S::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>> + 'static,
         S::InitError: fmt::Debug,
         S::Response: Into<Response<B>> + 'static,
 
@@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ where
     pub fn finish<F, B>(self, service: F) -> HttpService<T, S, B, X, U>
     where
         F: IntoServiceFactory<S, Request>,
-        S::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>> + 'static,
+        S::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>> + 'static,
         S::InitError: fmt::Debug,
         S::Response: Into<Response<B>> + 'static,
 
diff --git a/actix-http/src/encoding/encoder.rs b/actix-http/src/encoding/encoder.rs
index 62100ff1d..5b892716b 100644
--- a/actix-http/src/encoding/encoder.rs
+++ b/actix-http/src/encoding/encoder.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ use actix_rt::task::{spawn_blocking, JoinHandle};
 use bytes::Bytes;
 use derive_more::Display;
 use futures_core::ready;
-use pin_project::pin_project;
+use pin_project_lite::pin_project;
 
 #[cfg(feature = "compress-brotli")]
 use brotli2::write::BrotliEncoder;
@@ -23,8 +23,10 @@ use flate2::write::{GzEncoder, ZlibEncoder};
 #[cfg(feature = "compress-zstd")]
 use zstd::stream::write::Encoder as ZstdEncoder;
 
+use super::Writer;
 use crate::{
-    body::{AnyBody, BodySize, MessageBody},
+    body::{BodySize, MessageBody},
+    error::BlockingError,
     http::{
         header::{ContentEncoding, CONTENT_ENCODING},
         HeaderValue, StatusCode,
@@ -32,72 +34,79 @@ use crate::{
     ResponseHead,
 };
 
-use super::Writer;
-use crate::error::BlockingError;
-
 const MAX_CHUNK_SIZE_ENCODE_IN_PLACE: usize = 1024;
 
-#[pin_project]
-pub struct Encoder<B> {
-    eof: bool,
-    #[pin]
-    body: EncoderBody<B>,
-    encoder: Option<ContentEncoder>,
-    fut: Option<JoinHandle<Result<ContentEncoder, io::Error>>>,
+pin_project! {
+    pub struct Encoder<B> {
+        #[pin]
+        body: EncoderBody<B>,
+        encoder: Option<ContentEncoder>,
+        fut: Option<JoinHandle<Result<ContentEncoder, io::Error>>>,
+        eof: bool,
+    }
 }
 
 impl<B: MessageBody> Encoder<B> {
+    fn none() -> Self {
+        Encoder {
+            body: EncoderBody::None,
+            encoder: None,
+            fut: None,
+            eof: true,
+        }
+    }
+
     pub fn response(
         encoding: ContentEncoding,
         head: &mut ResponseHead,
-        body: AnyBody<B>,
-    ) -> AnyBody<Encoder<B>> {
+        body: B,
+    ) -> Self {
         let can_encode = !(head.headers().contains_key(&CONTENT_ENCODING)
             || head.status == StatusCode::SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS
             || head.status == StatusCode::NO_CONTENT
             || encoding == ContentEncoding::Identity
             || encoding == ContentEncoding::Auto);
 
-        let body = match body {
-            AnyBody::None => return AnyBody::None,
-            AnyBody::Bytes(buf) => {
-                if can_encode {
-                    EncoderBody::Bytes(buf)
-                } else {
-                    return AnyBody::Bytes(buf);
-                }
-            }
-            AnyBody::Body(body) => EncoderBody::Stream(body),
-        };
+        match body.size() {
+            // no need to compress an empty body
+            BodySize::None => return Self::none(),
+
+            // we cannot assume that Sized is not a stream
+            BodySize::Sized(_) | BodySize::Stream => {}
+        }
 
         if can_encode {
-            // Modify response body only if encoder is not None
+            // Modify response body only if encoder is set
             if let Some(enc) = ContentEncoder::encoder(encoding) {
                 update_head(encoding, head);
                 head.no_chunking(false);
 
-                return AnyBody::Body(Encoder {
-                    body,
-                    eof: false,
-                    fut: None,
+                return Encoder {
+                    body: EncoderBody::Stream { body },
                     encoder: Some(enc),
-                });
+                    fut: None,
+                    eof: false,
+                };
             }
         }
 
-        AnyBody::Body(Encoder {
-            body,
-            eof: false,
-            fut: None,
+        Encoder {
+            body: EncoderBody::Stream { body },
             encoder: None,
-        })
+            fut: None,
+            eof: false,
+        }
     }
 }
 
-#[pin_project(project = EncoderBodyProj)]
-enum EncoderBody<B> {
-    Bytes(Bytes),
-    Stream(#[pin] B),
+pin_project! {
+    #[project = EncoderBodyProj]
+    enum EncoderBody<B> {
+        None,
+        // TODO: this variant is not used but RA can't see it because of macro wrapper
+        Bytes { bytes: Bytes },
+        Stream { #[pin] body: B },
+    }
 }
 
 impl<B> MessageBody for EncoderBody<B>
@@ -108,8 +117,9 @@ where
 
     fn size(&self) -> BodySize {
         match self {
-            EncoderBody::Bytes(ref b) => b.size(),
-            EncoderBody::Stream(ref b) => b.size(),
+            EncoderBody::None => BodySize::None,
+            EncoderBody::Bytes { bytes } => bytes.size(),
+            EncoderBody::Stream { body } => body.size(),
         }
     }
 
@@ -118,14 +128,19 @@ where
         cx: &mut Context<'_>,
     ) -> Poll<Option<Result<Bytes, Self::Error>>> {
         match self.project() {
-            EncoderBodyProj::Bytes(b) => {
-                if b.is_empty() {
+            EncoderBodyProj::None => Poll::Ready(None),
+
+            EncoderBodyProj::Bytes { bytes } => {
+                if bytes.is_empty() {
                     Poll::Ready(None)
                 } else {
-                    Poll::Ready(Some(Ok(std::mem::take(b))))
+                    Poll::Ready(Some(Ok(std::mem::take(bytes))))
                 }
             }
-            EncoderBodyProj::Stream(b) => b.poll_next(cx).map_err(EncoderError::Body),
+
+            EncoderBodyProj::Stream { body } => {
+                body.poll_next(cx).map_err(EncoderError::Body)
+            }
         }
     }
 }
@@ -197,6 +212,7 @@ where
                 None => {
                     if let Some(encoder) = this.encoder.take() {
                         let chunk = encoder.finish().map_err(EncoderError::Io)?;
+
                         if chunk.is_empty() {
                             return Poll::Ready(None);
                         } else {
@@ -222,12 +238,15 @@ fn update_head(encoding: ContentEncoding, head: &mut ResponseHead) {
 enum ContentEncoder {
     #[cfg(feature = "compress-gzip")]
     Deflate(ZlibEncoder<Writer>),
+
     #[cfg(feature = "compress-gzip")]
     Gzip(GzEncoder<Writer>),
+
     #[cfg(feature = "compress-brotli")]
     Br(BrotliEncoder<Writer>),
-    // We need explicit 'static lifetime here because ZstdEncoder need lifetime
-    // argument, and we use `spawn_blocking` in `Encoder::poll_next` that require `FnOnce() -> R + Send + 'static`
+
+    // Wwe need explicit 'static lifetime here because ZstdEncoder needs a lifetime argument and we
+    // use `spawn_blocking` in `Encoder::poll_next` that requires `FnOnce() -> R + Send + 'static`.
     #[cfg(feature = "compress-zstd")]
     Zstd(ZstdEncoder<'static, Writer>),
 }
@@ -240,20 +259,24 @@ impl ContentEncoder {
                 Writer::new(),
                 flate2::Compression::fast(),
             ))),
+
             #[cfg(feature = "compress-gzip")]
             ContentEncoding::Gzip => Some(ContentEncoder::Gzip(GzEncoder::new(
                 Writer::new(),
                 flate2::Compression::fast(),
             ))),
+
             #[cfg(feature = "compress-brotli")]
             ContentEncoding::Br => {
                 Some(ContentEncoder::Br(BrotliEncoder::new(Writer::new(), 3)))
             }
+
             #[cfg(feature = "compress-zstd")]
             ContentEncoding::Zstd => {
                 let encoder = ZstdEncoder::new(Writer::new(), 3).ok()?;
                 Some(ContentEncoder::Zstd(encoder))
             }
+
             _ => None,
         }
     }
@@ -263,10 +286,13 @@ impl ContentEncoder {
         match *self {
             #[cfg(feature = "compress-brotli")]
             ContentEncoder::Br(ref mut encoder) => encoder.get_mut().take(),
+
             #[cfg(feature = "compress-gzip")]
             ContentEncoder::Deflate(ref mut encoder) => encoder.get_mut().take(),
+
             #[cfg(feature = "compress-gzip")]
             ContentEncoder::Gzip(ref mut encoder) => encoder.get_mut().take(),
+
             #[cfg(feature = "compress-zstd")]
             ContentEncoder::Zstd(ref mut encoder) => encoder.get_mut().take(),
         }
@@ -279,16 +305,19 @@ impl ContentEncoder {
                 Ok(writer) => Ok(writer.buf.freeze()),
                 Err(err) => Err(err),
             },
+
             #[cfg(feature = "compress-gzip")]
             ContentEncoder::Gzip(encoder) => match encoder.finish() {
                 Ok(writer) => Ok(writer.buf.freeze()),
                 Err(err) => Err(err),
             },
+
             #[cfg(feature = "compress-gzip")]
             ContentEncoder::Deflate(encoder) => match encoder.finish() {
                 Ok(writer) => Ok(writer.buf.freeze()),
                 Err(err) => Err(err),
             },
+
             #[cfg(feature = "compress-zstd")]
             ContentEncoder::Zstd(encoder) => match encoder.finish() {
                 Ok(writer) => Ok(writer.buf.freeze()),
@@ -307,6 +336,7 @@ impl ContentEncoder {
                     Err(err)
                 }
             },
+
             #[cfg(feature = "compress-gzip")]
             ContentEncoder::Gzip(ref mut encoder) => match encoder.write_all(data) {
                 Ok(_) => Ok(()),
@@ -315,6 +345,7 @@ impl ContentEncoder {
                     Err(err)
                 }
             },
+
             #[cfg(feature = "compress-gzip")]
             ContentEncoder::Deflate(ref mut encoder) => match encoder.write_all(data) {
                 Ok(_) => Ok(()),
@@ -323,6 +354,7 @@ impl ContentEncoder {
                     Err(err)
                 }
             },
+
             #[cfg(feature = "compress-zstd")]
             ContentEncoder::Zstd(ref mut encoder) => match encoder.write_all(data) {
                 Ok(_) => Ok(()),
diff --git a/actix-http/src/error.rs b/actix-http/src/error.rs
index 970c0c564..abe59b215 100644
--- a/actix-http/src/error.rs
+++ b/actix-http/src/error.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use std::{error::Error as StdError, fmt, io, str::Utf8Error, string::FromUtf8Err
 use derive_more::{Display, Error, From};
 use http::{uri::InvalidUri, StatusCode};
 
-use crate::{body::AnyBody, ws, Response};
+use crate::{body::BoxBody, ws, Response};
 
 pub use http::Error as HttpError;
 
@@ -66,14 +66,14 @@ impl Error {
     }
 }
 
-impl<B> From<Error> for Response<AnyBody<B>> {
+impl From<Error> for Response<BoxBody> {
     fn from(err: Error) -> Self {
         let status_code = match err.inner.kind {
             Kind::Parse => StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST,
             _ => StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
         };
 
-        Response::new(status_code).set_body(AnyBody::from(err.to_string()))
+        Response::new(status_code).set_body(BoxBody::new(err.to_string()))
     }
 }
 
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ impl From<ParseError> for Error {
     }
 }
 
-impl From<ParseError> for Response<AnyBody> {
+impl From<ParseError> for Response<BoxBody> {
     fn from(err: ParseError) -> Self {
         Error::from(err).into()
     }
@@ -337,7 +337,7 @@ pub enum DispatchError {
     /// Service error
     // FIXME: display and error type
     #[display(fmt = "Service Error")]
-    Service(#[error(not(source))] Response<AnyBody>),
+    Service(#[error(not(source))] Response<BoxBody>),
 
     /// Body error
     // FIXME: display and error type
@@ -421,11 +421,11 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_into_response() {
-        let resp: Response<AnyBody> = ParseError::Incomplete.into();
+        let resp: Response<BoxBody> = ParseError::Incomplete.into();
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST);
 
         let err: HttpError = StatusCode::from_u16(10000).err().unwrap().into();
-        let resp: Response<AnyBody> = Error::new_http().with_cause(err).into();
+        let resp: Response<BoxBody> = Error::new_http().with_cause(err).into();
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
     }
 
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ mod tests {
     fn test_error_http_response() {
         let orig = io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Other, "other");
         let err = Error::new_io().with_cause(orig);
-        let resp: Response<AnyBody> = err.into();
+        let resp: Response<BoxBody> = err.into();
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
     }
 
diff --git a/actix-http/src/h1/dispatcher.rs b/actix-http/src/h1/dispatcher.rs
index 163d84f5b..b8b30df33 100644
--- a/actix-http/src/h1/dispatcher.rs
+++ b/actix-http/src/h1/dispatcher.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ use log::{error, trace};
 use pin_project::pin_project;
 
 use crate::{
-    body::{AnyBody, BodySize, MessageBody},
+    body::{BodySize, BoxBody, MessageBody},
     config::ServiceConfig,
     error::{DispatchError, ParseError, PayloadError},
     service::HttpFlow,
@@ -51,13 +51,13 @@ bitflags! {
 pub struct Dispatcher<T, S, B, X, U>
 where
     S: Service<Request>,
-    S::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>>,
+    S::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>>,
 
     B: MessageBody,
     B::Error: Into<Box<dyn StdError>>,
 
     X: Service<Request, Response = Request>,
-    X::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>>,
+    X::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>>,
 
     U: Service<(Request, Framed<T, Codec>), Response = ()>,
     U::Error: fmt::Display,
@@ -73,13 +73,13 @@ where
 enum DispatcherState<T, S, B, X, U>
 where
     S: Service<Request>,
-    S::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>>,
+    S::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>>,
 
     B: MessageBody,
     B::Error: Into<Box<dyn StdError>>,
 
     X: Service<Request, Response = Request>,
-    X::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>>,
+    X::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>>,
 
     U: Service<(Request, Framed<T, Codec>), Response = ()>,
     U::Error: fmt::Display,
@@ -92,13 +92,13 @@ where
 struct InnerDispatcher<T, S, B, X, U>
 where
     S: Service<Request>,
-    S::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>>,
+    S::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>>,
 
     B: MessageBody,
     B::Error: Into<Box<dyn StdError>>,
 
     X: Service<Request, Response = Request>,
-    X::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>>,
+    X::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>>,
 
     U: Service<(Request, Framed<T, Codec>), Response = ()>,
     U::Error: fmt::Display,
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ where
     ExpectCall(#[pin] X::Future),
     ServiceCall(#[pin] S::Future),
     SendPayload(#[pin] B),
-    SendErrorPayload(#[pin] AnyBody),
+    SendErrorPayload(#[pin] BoxBody),
 }
 
 impl<S, B, X> State<S, B, X>
@@ -171,14 +171,14 @@ where
     T: AsyncRead + AsyncWrite + Unpin,
 
     S: Service<Request>,
-    S::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>>,
+    S::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>>,
     S::Response: Into<Response<B>>,
 
     B: MessageBody,
     B::Error: Into<Box<dyn StdError>>,
 
     X: Service<Request, Response = Request>,
-    X::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>>,
+    X::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>>,
 
     U: Service<(Request, Framed<T, Codec>), Response = ()>,
     U::Error: fmt::Display,
@@ -232,14 +232,14 @@ where
     T: AsyncRead + AsyncWrite + Unpin,
 
     S: Service<Request>,
-    S::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>>,
+    S::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>>,
     S::Response: Into<Response<B>>,
 
     B: MessageBody,
     B::Error: Into<Box<dyn StdError>>,
 
     X: Service<Request, Response = Request>,
-    X::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>>,
+    X::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>>,
 
     U: Service<(Request, Framed<T, Codec>), Response = ()>,
     U::Error: fmt::Display,
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ where
     fn send_error_response(
         mut self: Pin<&mut Self>,
         message: Response<()>,
-        body: AnyBody,
+        body: BoxBody,
     ) -> Result<(), DispatchError> {
         let size = self.as_mut().send_response_inner(message, &body)?;
         let state = match size {
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ where
                         // send_response would update InnerDispatcher state to SendPayload or
                         // None(If response body is empty).
                         // continue loop to poll it.
-                        self.as_mut().send_error_response(res, AnyBody::empty())?;
+                        self.as_mut().send_error_response(res, BoxBody::new(()))?;
                     }
 
                     // return with upgrade request and poll it exclusively.
@@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ where
 
                     // send service call error as response
                     Poll::Ready(Err(err)) => {
-                        let res: Response<AnyBody> = err.into();
+                        let res: Response<BoxBody> = err.into();
                         let (res, body) = res.replace_body(());
                         self.as_mut().send_error_response(res, body)?;
                     }
@@ -497,7 +497,7 @@ where
 
                     // send expect error as response
                     Poll::Ready(Err(err)) => {
-                        let res: Response<AnyBody> = err.into();
+                        let res: Response<BoxBody> = err.into();
                         let (res, body) = res.replace_body(());
                         self.as_mut().send_error_response(res, body)?;
                     }
@@ -546,7 +546,7 @@ where
                         // to notify the dispatcher a new state is set and the outer loop
                         // should be continue.
                         Poll::Ready(Err(err)) => {
-                            let res: Response<AnyBody> = err.into();
+                            let res: Response<BoxBody> = err.into();
                             let (res, body) = res.replace_body(());
                             return self.send_error_response(res, body);
                         }
@@ -566,7 +566,7 @@ where
                         Poll::Pending => Ok(()),
                         // see the comment on ExpectCall state branch's Ready(Err(err)).
                         Poll::Ready(Err(err)) => {
-                            let res: Response<AnyBody> = err.into();
+                            let res: Response<BoxBody> = err.into();
                             let (res, body) = res.replace_body(());
                             self.send_error_response(res, body)
                         }
@@ -772,7 +772,7 @@ where
                                 trace!("Slow request timeout");
                                 let _ = self.as_mut().send_error_response(
                                     Response::with_body(StatusCode::REQUEST_TIMEOUT, ()),
-                                    AnyBody::empty(),
+                                    BoxBody::new(()),
                                 );
                                 this = self.project();
                                 this.flags.insert(Flags::STARTED | Flags::SHUTDOWN);
@@ -909,14 +909,14 @@ where
     T: AsyncRead + AsyncWrite + Unpin,
 
     S: Service<Request>,
-    S::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>>,
+    S::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>>,
     S::Response: Into<Response<B>>,
 
     B: MessageBody,
     B::Error: Into<Box<dyn StdError>>,
 
     X: Service<Request, Response = Request>,
-    X::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>>,
+    X::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>>,
 
     U: Service<(Request, Framed<T, Codec>), Response = ()>,
     U::Error: fmt::Display,
@@ -1044,6 +1044,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     use super::*;
     use crate::{
+        body::BoxBody,
         error::Error,
         h1::{ExpectHandler, UpgradeHandler},
         http::Method,
@@ -1067,17 +1068,17 @@ mod tests {
         }
     }
 
-    fn ok_service() -> impl Service<Request, Response = Response<AnyBody>, Error = Error>
+    fn ok_service() -> impl Service<Request, Response = Response<BoxBody>, Error = Error>
     {
         fn_service(|_req: Request| ready(Ok::<_, Error>(Response::ok())))
     }
 
     fn echo_path_service(
-    ) -> impl Service<Request, Response = Response<AnyBody>, Error = Error> {
+    ) -> impl Service<Request, Response = Response<Bytes>, Error = Error> {
         fn_service(|req: Request| {
             let path = req.path().as_bytes();
             ready(Ok::<_, Error>(
-                Response::ok().set_body(AnyBody::copy_from_slice(path)),
+                Response::ok().set_body(Bytes::copy_from_slice(path)),
             ))
         })
     }
diff --git a/actix-http/src/h1/service.rs b/actix-http/src/h1/service.rs
index 8a50417d2..2baf05c94 100644
--- a/actix-http/src/h1/service.rs
+++ b/actix-http/src/h1/service.rs
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ use actix_utils::future::ready;
 use futures_core::future::LocalBoxFuture;
 
 use crate::{
-    body::{AnyBody, MessageBody},
+    body::{BoxBody, MessageBody},
     config::ServiceConfig,
     error::DispatchError,
     service::HttpServiceHandler,
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ pub struct H1Service<T, S, B, X = ExpectHandler, U = UpgradeHandler> {
 impl<T, S, B> H1Service<T, S, B>
 where
     S: ServiceFactory<Request, Config = ()>,
-    S::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>>,
+    S::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>>,
     S::InitError: fmt::Debug,
     S::Response: Into<Response<B>>,
     B: MessageBody,
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ impl<S, B, X, U> H1Service<TcpStream, S, B, X, U>
 where
     S: ServiceFactory<Request, Config = ()>,
     S::Future: 'static,
-    S::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>>,
+    S::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>>,
     S::InitError: fmt::Debug,
     S::Response: Into<Response<B>>,
 
@@ -72,12 +72,12 @@ where
 
     X: ServiceFactory<Request, Config = (), Response = Request>,
     X::Future: 'static,
-    X::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>>,
+    X::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>>,
     X::InitError: fmt::Debug,
 
     U: ServiceFactory<(Request, Framed<TcpStream, Codec>), Config = (), Response = ()>,
     U::Future: 'static,
-    U::Error: fmt::Display + Into<Response<AnyBody>>,
+    U::Error: fmt::Display + Into<Response<BoxBody>>,
     U::InitError: fmt::Debug,
 {
     /// Create simple tcp stream service
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ mod openssl {
     where
         S: ServiceFactory<Request, Config = ()>,
         S::Future: 'static,
-        S::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>>,
+        S::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>>,
         S::InitError: fmt::Debug,
         S::Response: Into<Response<B>>,
 
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ mod openssl {
 
         X: ServiceFactory<Request, Config = (), Response = Request>,
         X::Future: 'static,
-        X::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>>,
+        X::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>>,
         X::InitError: fmt::Debug,
 
         U: ServiceFactory<
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ mod openssl {
             Response = (),
         >,
         U::Future: 'static,
-        U::Error: fmt::Display + Into<Response<AnyBody>>,
+        U::Error: fmt::Display + Into<Response<BoxBody>>,
         U::InitError: fmt::Debug,
     {
         /// Create OpenSSL based service.
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ mod rustls {
     where
         S: ServiceFactory<Request, Config = ()>,
         S::Future: 'static,
-        S::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>>,
+        S::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>>,
         S::InitError: fmt::Debug,
         S::Response: Into<Response<B>>,
 
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ mod rustls {
 
         X: ServiceFactory<Request, Config = (), Response = Request>,
         X::Future: 'static,
-        X::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>>,
+        X::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>>,
         X::InitError: fmt::Debug,
 
         U: ServiceFactory<
@@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ mod rustls {
             Response = (),
         >,
         U::Future: 'static,
-        U::Error: fmt::Display + Into<Response<AnyBody>>,
+        U::Error: fmt::Display + Into<Response<BoxBody>>,
         U::InitError: fmt::Debug,
     {
         /// Create Rustls based service.
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ mod rustls {
 impl<T, S, B, X, U> H1Service<T, S, B, X, U>
 where
     S: ServiceFactory<Request, Config = ()>,
-    S::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>>,
+    S::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>>,
     S::Response: Into<Response<B>>,
     S::InitError: fmt::Debug,
     B: MessageBody,
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ where
     pub fn expect<X1>(self, expect: X1) -> H1Service<T, S, B, X1, U>
     where
         X1: ServiceFactory<Request, Response = Request>,
-        X1::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>>,
+        X1::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>>,
         X1::InitError: fmt::Debug,
     {
         H1Service {
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ where
 
     S: ServiceFactory<Request, Config = ()>,
     S::Future: 'static,
-    S::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>>,
+    S::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>>,
     S::Response: Into<Response<B>>,
     S::InitError: fmt::Debug,
 
@@ -286,12 +286,12 @@ where
 
     X: ServiceFactory<Request, Config = (), Response = Request>,
     X::Future: 'static,
-    X::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>>,
+    X::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>>,
     X::InitError: fmt::Debug,
 
     U: ServiceFactory<(Request, Framed<T, Codec>), Config = (), Response = ()>,
     U::Future: 'static,
-    U::Error: fmt::Display + Into<Response<AnyBody>>,
+    U::Error: fmt::Display + Into<Response<BoxBody>>,
     U::InitError: fmt::Debug,
 {
     type Response = ();
@@ -347,17 +347,17 @@ where
     T: AsyncRead + AsyncWrite + Unpin,
 
     S: Service<Request>,
-    S::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>>,
+    S::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>>,
     S::Response: Into<Response<B>>,
 
     B: MessageBody,
     B::Error: Into<Box<dyn StdError>>,
 
     X: Service<Request, Response = Request>,
-    X::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>>,
+    X::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>>,
 
     U: Service<(Request, Framed<T, Codec>), Response = ()>,
-    U::Error: fmt::Display + Into<Response<AnyBody>>,
+    U::Error: fmt::Display + Into<Response<BoxBody>>,
 {
     type Response = ();
     type Error = DispatchError;
diff --git a/actix-http/src/h2/dispatcher.rs b/actix-http/src/h2/dispatcher.rs
index 607997eb7..5dfd01e04 100644
--- a/actix-http/src/h2/dispatcher.rs
+++ b/actix-http/src/h2/dispatcher.rs
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ use log::{error, trace};
 use pin_project_lite::pin_project;
 
 use crate::{
-    body::{AnyBody, BodySize, MessageBody},
+    body::{BodySize, BoxBody, MessageBody},
     config::ServiceConfig,
     service::HttpFlow,
     OnConnectData, Payload, Request, Response, ResponseHead,
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ where
     T: AsyncRead + AsyncWrite + Unpin,
 
     S: Service<Request>,
-    S::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>>,
+    S::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>>,
     S::Future: 'static,
     S::Response: Into<Response<B>>,
 
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ where
                         let res = match fut.await {
                             Ok(res) => handle_response(res.into(), tx, config).await,
                             Err(err) => {
-                                let res: Response<AnyBody> = err.into();
+                                let res: Response<BoxBody> = err.into();
                                 handle_response(res, tx, config).await
                             }
                         };
diff --git a/actix-http/src/h2/service.rs b/actix-http/src/h2/service.rs
index 0ad17ec0a..872606f63 100644
--- a/actix-http/src/h2/service.rs
+++ b/actix-http/src/h2/service.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ use futures_core::{future::LocalBoxFuture, ready};
 use log::error;
 
 use crate::{
-    body::{AnyBody, MessageBody},
+    body::{BoxBody, MessageBody},
     config::ServiceConfig,
     error::DispatchError,
     service::HttpFlow,
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ pub struct H2Service<T, S, B> {
 impl<T, S, B> H2Service<T, S, B>
 where
     S: ServiceFactory<Request, Config = ()>,
-    S::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>> + 'static,
+    S::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>> + 'static,
     S::Response: Into<Response<B>> + 'static,
     <S::Service as Service<Request>>::Future: 'static,
 
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ impl<S, B> H2Service<TcpStream, S, B>
 where
     S: ServiceFactory<Request, Config = ()>,
     S::Future: 'static,
-    S::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>> + 'static,
+    S::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>> + 'static,
     S::Response: Into<Response<B>> + 'static,
     <S::Service as Service<Request>>::Future: 'static,
 
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ mod openssl {
     where
         S: ServiceFactory<Request, Config = ()>,
         S::Future: 'static,
-        S::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>> + 'static,
+        S::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>> + 'static,
         S::Response: Into<Response<B>> + 'static,
         <S::Service as Service<Request>>::Future: 'static,
 
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ mod rustls {
     where
         S: ServiceFactory<Request, Config = ()>,
         S::Future: 'static,
-        S::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>> + 'static,
+        S::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>> + 'static,
         S::Response: Into<Response<B>> + 'static,
         <S::Service as Service<Request>>::Future: 'static,
 
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ where
 
     S: ServiceFactory<Request, Config = ()>,
     S::Future: 'static,
-    S::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>> + 'static,
+    S::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>> + 'static,
     S::Response: Into<Response<B>> + 'static,
     <S::Service as Service<Request>>::Future: 'static,
 
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ where
 impl<T, S, B> H2ServiceHandler<T, S, B>
 where
     S: Service<Request>,
-    S::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>> + 'static,
+    S::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>> + 'static,
     S::Future: 'static,
     S::Response: Into<Response<B>> + 'static,
     B: MessageBody + 'static,
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ impl<T, S, B> Service<(T, Option<net::SocketAddr>)> for H2ServiceHandler<T, S, B
 where
     T: AsyncRead + AsyncWrite + Unpin,
     S: Service<Request>,
-    S::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>> + 'static,
+    S::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>> + 'static,
     S::Future: 'static,
     S::Response: Into<Response<B>> + 'static,
     B: MessageBody + 'static,
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ pub struct H2ServiceHandlerResponse<T, S, B>
 where
     T: AsyncRead + AsyncWrite + Unpin,
     S: Service<Request>,
-    S::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>> + 'static,
+    S::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>> + 'static,
     S::Future: 'static,
     S::Response: Into<Response<B>> + 'static,
     B: MessageBody + 'static,
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ impl<T, S, B> Future for H2ServiceHandlerResponse<T, S, B>
 where
     T: AsyncRead + AsyncWrite + Unpin,
     S: Service<Request>,
-    S::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>> + 'static,
+    S::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>> + 'static,
     S::Future: 'static,
     S::Response: Into<Response<B>> + 'static,
     B: MessageBody,
diff --git a/actix-http/src/response.rs b/actix-http/src/response.rs
index 47f1c37e2..9b255dc02 100644
--- a/actix-http/src/response.rs
+++ b/actix-http/src/response.rs
@@ -2,15 +2,17 @@
 
 use std::{
     cell::{Ref, RefMut},
+    error::Error as StdError,
     fmt, str,
 };
 
 use bytes::{Bytes, BytesMut};
+use bytestring::ByteString;
 
 use crate::{
-    body::{AnyBody, MessageBody},
-    error::Error,
+    body::{BoxBody, MessageBody},
     extensions::Extensions,
+    header::{self, IntoHeaderValue},
     http::{HeaderMap, StatusCode},
     message::{BoxedResponseHead, ResponseHead},
     ResponseBuilder,
@@ -22,13 +24,13 @@ pub struct Response<B> {
     pub(crate) body: B,
 }
 
-impl Response<AnyBody> {
+impl Response<BoxBody> {
     /// Constructs a new response with default body.
     #[inline]
     pub fn new(status: StatusCode) -> Self {
         Response {
             head: BoxedResponseHead::new(status),
-            body: AnyBody::empty(),
+            body: BoxBody::new(()),
         }
     }
 
@@ -189,6 +191,14 @@ impl<B> Response<B> {
         }
     }
 
+    pub fn map_into_boxed_body(self) -> Response<BoxBody>
+    where
+        B: MessageBody + 'static,
+        B::Error: Into<Box<dyn StdError + 'static>>,
+    {
+        self.map_body(|_, body| BoxBody::new(body))
+    }
+
     /// Returns body, consuming this response.
     pub fn into_body(self) -> B {
         self.body
@@ -223,81 +233,104 @@ impl<B: Default> Default for Response<B> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<I: Into<Response<AnyBody>>, E: Into<Error>> From<Result<I, E>>
-    for Response<AnyBody>
-{
-    fn from(res: Result<I, E>) -> Self {
-        match res {
-            Ok(val) => val.into(),
-            Err(err) => err.into().into(),
-        }
-    }
-}
+// TODO: fix this impl
+// impl<B, I, E> From<Result<I, E>> for Response<BoxBody>
+// where
+//     B: MessageBody + 'static,
+//     B::Error: Into<Box<dyn StdError + 'static>>,
+//     I: Into<Response<B>>,
+//     E: Into<Error>,
+// {
+//     fn from(res: Result<I, E>) -> Self {
+//         match res {
+//             Ok(val) => val.into(),
+//             Err(err) => err.into().into(),
+//         }
+//     }
+// }
 
-impl From<ResponseBuilder> for Response<AnyBody> {
+impl From<ResponseBuilder> for Response<BoxBody> {
     fn from(mut builder: ResponseBuilder) -> Self {
-        builder.finish()
+        builder.finish().map_into_boxed_body()
     }
 }
 
-impl From<std::convert::Infallible> for Response<AnyBody> {
+impl From<std::convert::Infallible> for Response<BoxBody> {
     fn from(val: std::convert::Infallible) -> Self {
         match val {}
     }
 }
 
-impl From<&'static str> for Response<AnyBody> {
+impl From<&'static str> for Response<&'static str> {
     fn from(val: &'static str) -> Self {
-        Response::build(StatusCode::OK)
-            .content_type(mime::TEXT_PLAIN_UTF_8)
-            .body(val)
+        let mut res = Response::with_body(StatusCode::OK, val);
+        let mime = mime::TEXT_PLAIN_UTF_8.try_into_value().unwrap();
+        res.headers_mut().insert(header::CONTENT_TYPE, mime);
+        res
     }
 }
 
-impl From<&'static [u8]> for Response<AnyBody> {
+impl From<&'static [u8]> for Response<&'static [u8]> {
     fn from(val: &'static [u8]) -> Self {
-        Response::build(StatusCode::OK)
-            .content_type(mime::APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM)
-            .body(val)
+        let mut res = Response::with_body(StatusCode::OK, val);
+        let mime = mime::APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM.try_into_value().unwrap();
+        res.headers_mut().insert(header::CONTENT_TYPE, mime);
+        res
     }
 }
 
-impl From<String> for Response<AnyBody> {
+impl From<String> for Response<String> {
     fn from(val: String) -> Self {
-        Response::build(StatusCode::OK)
-            .content_type(mime::TEXT_PLAIN_UTF_8)
-            .body(val)
+        let mut res = Response::with_body(StatusCode::OK, val);
+        let mime = mime::TEXT_PLAIN_UTF_8.try_into_value().unwrap();
+        res.headers_mut().insert(header::CONTENT_TYPE, mime);
+        res
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a> From<&'a String> for Response<AnyBody> {
-    fn from(val: &'a String) -> Self {
-        Response::build(StatusCode::OK)
-            .content_type(mime::TEXT_PLAIN_UTF_8)
-            .body(val)
-    }
-}
+// TODO: was this is useful impl
+// impl<'a> From<&'a String> for Response<&'a String> {
+//     fn from(val: &'a String) -> Self {
+//          todo!()
+//     }
+// }
 
-impl From<Bytes> for Response<AnyBody> {
+impl From<Bytes> for Response<Bytes> {
     fn from(val: Bytes) -> Self {
-        Response::build(StatusCode::OK)
-            .content_type(mime::APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM)
-            .body(val)
+        let mut res = Response::with_body(StatusCode::OK, val);
+        let mime = mime::APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM.try_into_value().unwrap();
+        res.headers_mut().insert(header::CONTENT_TYPE, mime);
+        res
     }
 }
 
-impl From<BytesMut> for Response<AnyBody> {
+impl From<BytesMut> for Response<BytesMut> {
     fn from(val: BytesMut) -> Self {
-        Response::build(StatusCode::OK)
-            .content_type(mime::APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM)
-            .body(val)
+        let mut res = Response::with_body(StatusCode::OK, val);
+        let mime = mime::APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM.try_into_value().unwrap();
+        res.headers_mut().insert(header::CONTENT_TYPE, mime);
+        res
     }
 }
 
+impl From<ByteString> for Response<ByteString> {
+    fn from(val: ByteString) -> Self {
+        let mut res = Response::with_body(StatusCode::OK, val);
+        let mime = mime::TEXT_PLAIN_UTF_8.try_into_value().unwrap();
+        res.headers_mut().insert(header::CONTENT_TYPE, mime);
+        res
+    }
+}
+
+// TODO: impl into Response for ByteString
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
-    use crate::http::header::{HeaderValue, CONTENT_TYPE, COOKIE};
+    use crate::{
+        body::to_bytes,
+        http::header::{HeaderValue, CONTENT_TYPE, COOKIE},
+    };
 
     #[test]
     fn test_debug() {
@@ -309,73 +342,73 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(dbg.contains("Response"));
     }
 
-    #[test]
-    fn test_into_response() {
-        let resp: Response<AnyBody> = "test".into();
-        assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+    #[actix_rt::test]
+    async fn test_into_response() {
+        let res = Response::from("test");
+        assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::OK);
         assert_eq!(
-            resp.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
+            res.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
             HeaderValue::from_static("text/plain; charset=utf-8")
         );
-        assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
-        assert_eq!(resp.body().get_ref(), b"test");
+        assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+        assert_eq!(to_bytes(res.into_body()).await.unwrap(), &b"test"[..]);
 
-        let resp: Response<AnyBody> = b"test".as_ref().into();
-        assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+        let res = Response::from(b"test".as_ref());
+        assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::OK);
         assert_eq!(
-            resp.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
+            res.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
             HeaderValue::from_static("application/octet-stream")
         );
-        assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
-        assert_eq!(resp.body().get_ref(), b"test");
+        assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+        assert_eq!(to_bytes(res.into_body()).await.unwrap(), &b"test"[..]);
 
-        let resp: Response<AnyBody> = "test".to_owned().into();
-        assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+        let res = Response::from("test".to_owned());
+        assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::OK);
         assert_eq!(
-            resp.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
+            res.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
             HeaderValue::from_static("text/plain; charset=utf-8")
         );
-        assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
-        assert_eq!(resp.body().get_ref(), b"test");
+        assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+        assert_eq!(to_bytes(res.into_body()).await.unwrap(), &b"test"[..]);
 
-        let resp: Response<AnyBody> = (&"test".to_owned()).into();
-        assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+        let res = Response::from("test".to_owned());
+        assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::OK);
         assert_eq!(
-            resp.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
+            res.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
             HeaderValue::from_static("text/plain; charset=utf-8")
         );
-        assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
-        assert_eq!(resp.body().get_ref(), b"test");
+        assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+        assert_eq!(to_bytes(res.into_body()).await.unwrap(), &b"test"[..]);
 
         let b = Bytes::from_static(b"test");
-        let resp: Response<AnyBody> = b.into();
-        assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+        let res = Response::from(b);
+        assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::OK);
         assert_eq!(
-            resp.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
+            res.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
             HeaderValue::from_static("application/octet-stream")
         );
-        assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
-        assert_eq!(resp.body().get_ref(), b"test");
+        assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+        assert_eq!(to_bytes(res.into_body()).await.unwrap(), &b"test"[..]);
 
         let b = Bytes::from_static(b"test");
-        let resp: Response<AnyBody> = b.into();
-        assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+        let res = Response::from(b);
+        assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::OK);
         assert_eq!(
-            resp.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
+            res.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
             HeaderValue::from_static("application/octet-stream")
         );
-        assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
-        assert_eq!(resp.body().get_ref(), b"test");
+        assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+        assert_eq!(to_bytes(res.into_body()).await.unwrap(), &b"test"[..]);
 
         let b = BytesMut::from("test");
-        let resp: Response<AnyBody> = b.into();
-        assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+        let res = Response::from(b);
+        assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::OK);
         assert_eq!(
-            resp.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
+            res.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
             HeaderValue::from_static("application/octet-stream")
         );
 
-        assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
-        assert_eq!(resp.body().get_ref(), b"test");
+        assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+        assert_eq!(to_bytes(res.into_body()).await.unwrap(), &b"test"[..]);
     }
 }
diff --git a/actix-http/src/response_builder.rs b/actix-http/src/response_builder.rs
index c5fcb625c..295dfc3e7 100644
--- a/actix-http/src/response_builder.rs
+++ b/actix-http/src/response_builder.rs
@@ -10,11 +10,8 @@ use std::{
     task::{Context, Poll},
 };
 
-use bytes::Bytes;
-use futures_core::Stream;
-
 use crate::{
-    body::{AnyBody, BodyStream},
+    body::{BoxBody, EitherBody, MessageBody},
     error::{Error, HttpError},
     header::{self, IntoHeaderPair, IntoHeaderValue},
     message::{BoxedResponseHead, ConnectionType, ResponseHead},
@@ -235,10 +232,16 @@ impl ResponseBuilder {
     /// Generate response with a wrapped body.
     ///
     /// This `ResponseBuilder` will be left in a useless state.
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn body<B: Into<AnyBody>>(&mut self, body: B) -> Response<AnyBody> {
-        self.message_body(body.into())
-            .unwrap_or_else(Response::from)
+    pub fn body<B>(&mut self, body: B) -> Response<EitherBody<B>>
+    where
+        B: MessageBody + 'static,
+        B::Error: Into<Box<dyn StdError + 'static>>,
+    {
+        match self.message_body(body) {
+            Ok(res) => res.map_body(|_, body| EitherBody::left(body)),
+            // TODO: add error path
+            Err(err) => Response::from(err).map_body(|_, body| EitherBody::right(body)),
+        }
     }
 
     /// Generate response with a body.
@@ -253,24 +256,12 @@ impl ResponseBuilder {
         Ok(Response { head, body })
     }
 
-    /// Generate response with a streaming body.
-    ///
-    /// This `ResponseBuilder` will be left in a useless state.
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn streaming<S, E>(&mut self, stream: S) -> Response<AnyBody>
-    where
-        S: Stream<Item = Result<Bytes, E>> + 'static,
-        E: Into<Box<dyn StdError>> + 'static,
-    {
-        self.body(AnyBody::new_boxed(BodyStream::new(stream)))
-    }
-
     /// Generate response with an empty body.
     ///
     /// This `ResponseBuilder` will be left in a useless state.
     #[inline]
-    pub fn finish(&mut self) -> Response<AnyBody> {
-        self.body(AnyBody::empty())
+    pub fn finish(&mut self) -> Response<EitherBody<()>> {
+        self.body(())
     }
 
     /// Create an owned `ResponseBuilder`, leaving the original in a useless state.
@@ -328,10 +319,10 @@ impl<'a> From<&'a ResponseHead> for ResponseBuilder {
 }
 
 impl Future for ResponseBuilder {
-    type Output = Result<Response<AnyBody>, Error>;
+    type Output = Result<Response<BoxBody>, Error>;
 
     fn poll(mut self: Pin<&mut Self>, _: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
-        Poll::Ready(Ok(self.finish()))
+        Poll::Ready(Ok(self.finish().map_into_boxed_body()))
     }
 }
 
@@ -396,7 +387,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_into_builder() {
-        let mut resp: Response<AnyBody> = "test".into();
+        let mut resp: Response<_> = "test".into();
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
 
         resp.headers_mut().insert(
diff --git a/actix-http/src/service.rs b/actix-http/src/service.rs
index fb0cccb38..85e1cf834 100644
--- a/actix-http/src/service.rs
+++ b/actix-http/src/service.rs
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ use futures_core::{future::LocalBoxFuture, ready};
 use pin_project::pin_project;
 
 use crate::{
-    body::{AnyBody, MessageBody},
+    body::{BoxBody, MessageBody},
     builder::HttpServiceBuilder,
     config::{KeepAlive, ServiceConfig},
     error::DispatchError,
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ pub struct HttpService<T, S, B, X = h1::ExpectHandler, U = h1::UpgradeHandler> {
 impl<T, S, B> HttpService<T, S, B>
 where
     S: ServiceFactory<Request, Config = ()>,
-    S::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>> + 'static,
+    S::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>> + 'static,
     S::InitError: fmt::Debug,
     S::Response: Into<Response<B>> + 'static,
     <S::Service as Service<Request>>::Future: 'static,
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ where
 impl<T, S, B> HttpService<T, S, B>
 where
     S: ServiceFactory<Request, Config = ()>,
-    S::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>> + 'static,
+    S::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>> + 'static,
     S::InitError: fmt::Debug,
     S::Response: Into<Response<B>> + 'static,
     <S::Service as Service<Request>>::Future: 'static,
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ where
 impl<T, S, B, X, U> HttpService<T, S, B, X, U>
 where
     S: ServiceFactory<Request, Config = ()>,
-    S::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>> + 'static,
+    S::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>> + 'static,
     S::InitError: fmt::Debug,
     S::Response: Into<Response<B>> + 'static,
     <S::Service as Service<Request>>::Future: 'static,
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ where
     pub fn expect<X1>(self, expect: X1) -> HttpService<T, S, B, X1, U>
     where
         X1: ServiceFactory<Request, Config = (), Response = Request>,
-        X1::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>>,
+        X1::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>>,
         X1::InitError: fmt::Debug,
     {
         HttpService {
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ impl<S, B, X, U> HttpService<TcpStream, S, B, X, U>
 where
     S: ServiceFactory<Request, Config = ()>,
     S::Future: 'static,
-    S::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>> + 'static,
+    S::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>> + 'static,
     S::InitError: fmt::Debug,
     S::Response: Into<Response<B>> + 'static,
     <S::Service as Service<Request>>::Future: 'static,
@@ -161,7 +161,7 @@ where
 
     X: ServiceFactory<Request, Config = (), Response = Request>,
     X::Future: 'static,
-    X::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>>,
+    X::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>>,
     X::InitError: fmt::Debug,
 
     U: ServiceFactory<
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ where
         Response = (),
     >,
     U::Future: 'static,
-    U::Error: fmt::Display + Into<Response<AnyBody>>,
+    U::Error: fmt::Display + Into<Response<BoxBody>>,
     U::InitError: fmt::Debug,
 {
     /// Create simple tcp stream service
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ mod openssl {
     where
         S: ServiceFactory<Request, Config = ()>,
         S::Future: 'static,
-        S::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>> + 'static,
+        S::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>> + 'static,
         S::InitError: fmt::Debug,
         S::Response: Into<Response<B>> + 'static,
         <S::Service as Service<Request>>::Future: 'static,
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@ mod openssl {
 
         X: ServiceFactory<Request, Config = (), Response = Request>,
         X::Future: 'static,
-        X::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>>,
+        X::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>>,
         X::InitError: fmt::Debug,
 
         U: ServiceFactory<
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ mod openssl {
             Response = (),
         >,
         U::Future: 'static,
-        U::Error: fmt::Display + Into<Response<AnyBody>>,
+        U::Error: fmt::Display + Into<Response<BoxBody>>,
         U::InitError: fmt::Debug,
     {
         /// Create OpenSSL based service.
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ mod rustls {
     where
         S: ServiceFactory<Request, Config = ()>,
         S::Future: 'static,
-        S::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>> + 'static,
+        S::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>> + 'static,
         S::InitError: fmt::Debug,
         S::Response: Into<Response<B>> + 'static,
         <S::Service as Service<Request>>::Future: 'static,
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ mod rustls {
 
         X: ServiceFactory<Request, Config = (), Response = Request>,
         X::Future: 'static,
-        X::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>>,
+        X::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>>,
         X::InitError: fmt::Debug,
 
         U: ServiceFactory<
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ mod rustls {
             Response = (),
         >,
         U::Future: 'static,
-        U::Error: fmt::Display + Into<Response<AnyBody>>,
+        U::Error: fmt::Display + Into<Response<BoxBody>>,
         U::InitError: fmt::Debug,
     {
         /// Create Rustls based service.
@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ where
 
     S: ServiceFactory<Request, Config = ()>,
     S::Future: 'static,
-    S::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>> + 'static,
+    S::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>> + 'static,
     S::InitError: fmt::Debug,
     S::Response: Into<Response<B>> + 'static,
     <S::Service as Service<Request>>::Future: 'static,
@@ -358,12 +358,12 @@ where
 
     X: ServiceFactory<Request, Config = (), Response = Request>,
     X::Future: 'static,
-    X::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>>,
+    X::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>>,
     X::InitError: fmt::Debug,
 
     U: ServiceFactory<(Request, Framed<T, h1::Codec>), Config = (), Response = ()>,
     U::Future: 'static,
-    U::Error: fmt::Display + Into<Response<AnyBody>>,
+    U::Error: fmt::Display + Into<Response<BoxBody>>,
     U::InitError: fmt::Debug,
 {
     type Response = ();
@@ -426,11 +426,11 @@ where
 impl<T, S, B, X, U> HttpServiceHandler<T, S, B, X, U>
 where
     S: Service<Request>,
-    S::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>>,
+    S::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>>,
     X: Service<Request>,
-    X::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>>,
+    X::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>>,
     U: Service<(Request, Framed<T, h1::Codec>)>,
-    U::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>>,
+    U::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>>,
 {
     pub(super) fn new(
         cfg: ServiceConfig,
@@ -450,7 +450,7 @@ where
     pub(super) fn _poll_ready(
         &self,
         cx: &mut Context<'_>,
-    ) -> Poll<Result<(), Response<AnyBody>>> {
+    ) -> Poll<Result<(), Response<BoxBody>>> {
         ready!(self.flow.expect.poll_ready(cx).map_err(Into::into))?;
 
         ready!(self.flow.service.poll_ready(cx).map_err(Into::into))?;
@@ -486,7 +486,7 @@ where
     T: AsyncRead + AsyncWrite + Unpin,
 
     S: Service<Request>,
-    S::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>> + 'static,
+    S::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>> + 'static,
     S::Future: 'static,
     S::Response: Into<Response<B>> + 'static,
 
@@ -494,10 +494,10 @@ where
     B::Error: Into<Box<dyn StdError>>,
 
     X: Service<Request, Response = Request>,
-    X::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>>,
+    X::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>>,
 
     U: Service<(Request, Framed<T, h1::Codec>), Response = ()>,
-    U::Error: fmt::Display + Into<Response<AnyBody>>,
+    U::Error: fmt::Display + Into<Response<BoxBody>>,
 {
     type Response = ();
     type Error = DispatchError;
@@ -550,13 +550,13 @@ where
 
     S: Service<Request>,
     S::Future: 'static,
-    S::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>>,
+    S::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>>,
 
     B: MessageBody,
     B::Error: Into<Box<dyn StdError>>,
 
     X: Service<Request, Response = Request>,
-    X::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>>,
+    X::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>>,
 
     U: Service<(Request, Framed<T, h1::Codec>), Response = ()>,
     U::Error: fmt::Display,
@@ -580,7 +580,7 @@ where
     T: AsyncRead + AsyncWrite + Unpin,
 
     S: Service<Request>,
-    S::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>> + 'static,
+    S::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>> + 'static,
     S::Future: 'static,
     S::Response: Into<Response<B>> + 'static,
 
@@ -588,7 +588,7 @@ where
     B::Error: Into<Box<dyn StdError>>,
 
     X: Service<Request, Response = Request>,
-    X::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>>,
+    X::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>>,
 
     U: Service<(Request, Framed<T, h1::Codec>), Response = ()>,
     U::Error: fmt::Display,
@@ -602,7 +602,7 @@ where
     T: AsyncRead + AsyncWrite + Unpin,
 
     S: Service<Request>,
-    S::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>> + 'static,
+    S::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>> + 'static,
     S::Future: 'static,
     S::Response: Into<Response<B>> + 'static,
 
@@ -610,7 +610,7 @@ where
     B::Error: Into<Box<dyn StdError>>,
 
     X: Service<Request, Response = Request>,
-    X::Error: Into<Response<AnyBody>>,
+    X::Error: Into<Response<BoxBody>>,
 
     U: Service<(Request, Framed<T, h1::Codec>), Response = ()>,
     U::Error: fmt::Display,
diff --git a/actix-http/src/ws/dispatcher.rs b/actix-http/src/ws/dispatcher.rs
index f49cbe5d4..f73eb3163 100644
--- a/actix-http/src/ws/dispatcher.rs
+++ b/actix-http/src/ws/dispatcher.rs
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ mod inner {
 
     use actix_codec::{AsyncRead, AsyncWrite, Decoder, Encoder, Framed};
 
-    use crate::{body::AnyBody, Response};
+    use crate::{body::BoxBody, Response};
 
     /// Framed transport errors
     pub enum DispatcherError<E, U, I>
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ mod inner {
         }
     }
 
-    impl<E, U, I> From<DispatcherError<E, U, I>> for Response<AnyBody>
+    impl<E, U, I> From<DispatcherError<E, U, I>> for Response<BoxBody>
     where
         E: fmt::Debug + fmt::Display,
         U: Encoder<I> + Decoder,
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ mod inner {
         <U as Decoder>::Error: fmt::Debug,
     {
         fn from(err: DispatcherError<E, U, I>) -> Self {
-            Response::internal_server_error().set_body(AnyBody::from(err.to_string()))
+            Response::internal_server_error().set_body(BoxBody::new(err.to_string()))
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/actix-http/src/ws/mod.rs b/actix-http/src/ws/mod.rs
index 70e0e62a2..cb1aa6730 100644
--- a/actix-http/src/ws/mod.rs
+++ b/actix-http/src/ws/mod.rs
@@ -8,9 +8,9 @@ use std::io;
 use derive_more::{Display, Error, From};
 use http::{header, Method, StatusCode};
 
+use crate::body::BoxBody;
 use crate::{
-    body::AnyBody, header::HeaderValue, message::RequestHead, response::Response,
-    ResponseBuilder,
+    header::HeaderValue, message::RequestHead, response::Response, ResponseBuilder,
 };
 
 mod codec;
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ pub enum ProtocolError {
 }
 
 /// WebSocket handshake errors
-#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Display, Error)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Display, Error)]
 pub enum HandshakeError {
     /// Only get method is allowed.
     #[display(fmt = "Method not allowed.")]
@@ -96,8 +96,8 @@ pub enum HandshakeError {
     BadWebsocketKey,
 }
 
-impl From<&HandshakeError> for Response<AnyBody> {
-    fn from(err: &HandshakeError) -> Self {
+impl From<HandshakeError> for Response<BoxBody> {
+    fn from(err: HandshakeError) -> Self {
         match err {
             HandshakeError::GetMethodRequired => {
                 let mut res = Response::new(StatusCode::METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED);
@@ -139,9 +139,9 @@ impl From<&HandshakeError> for Response<AnyBody> {
     }
 }
 
-impl From<HandshakeError> for Response<AnyBody> {
-    fn from(err: HandshakeError) -> Self {
-        (&err).into()
+impl From<&HandshakeError> for Response<BoxBody> {
+    fn from(err: &HandshakeError) -> Self {
+        (*err).into()
     }
 }
 
@@ -220,9 +220,10 @@ pub fn handshake_response(req: &RequestHead) -> ResponseBuilder {
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
+    use crate::{header, Method};
+
     use super::*;
-    use crate::{body::AnyBody, test::TestRequest};
-    use http::{header, Method};
+    use crate::test::TestRequest;
 
     #[test]
     fn test_handshake() {
@@ -336,17 +337,17 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_ws_error_http_response() {
-        let resp: Response<AnyBody> = HandshakeError::GetMethodRequired.into();
+        let resp: Response<BoxBody> = HandshakeError::GetMethodRequired.into();
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED);
-        let resp: Response<AnyBody> = HandshakeError::NoWebsocketUpgrade.into();
+        let resp: Response<BoxBody> = HandshakeError::NoWebsocketUpgrade.into();
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST);
-        let resp: Response<AnyBody> = HandshakeError::NoConnectionUpgrade.into();
+        let resp: Response<BoxBody> = HandshakeError::NoConnectionUpgrade.into();
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST);
-        let resp: Response<AnyBody> = HandshakeError::NoVersionHeader.into();
+        let resp: Response<BoxBody> = HandshakeError::NoVersionHeader.into();
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST);
-        let resp: Response<AnyBody> = HandshakeError::UnsupportedVersion.into();
+        let resp: Response<BoxBody> = HandshakeError::UnsupportedVersion.into();
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST);
-        let resp: Response<AnyBody> = HandshakeError::BadWebsocketKey.into();
+        let resp: Response<BoxBody> = HandshakeError::BadWebsocketKey.into();
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST);
     }
 }
diff --git a/actix-http/tests/test_client.rs b/actix-http/tests/test_client.rs
index 414266d81..4c923873f 100644
--- a/actix-http/tests/test_client.rs
+++ b/actix-http/tests/test_client.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use std::convert::Infallible;
 
 use actix_http::{
-    body::AnyBody, http, http::StatusCode, HttpMessage, HttpService, Request, Response,
+    body::BoxBody, http, http::StatusCode, HttpMessage, HttpService, Request, Response,
 };
 use actix_http_test::test_server;
 use actix_service::ServiceFactoryExt;
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ async fn test_with_query_parameter() {
 #[display(fmt = "expect failed")]
 struct ExpectFailed;
 
-impl From<ExpectFailed> for Response<AnyBody> {
+impl From<ExpectFailed> for Response<BoxBody> {
     fn from(_: ExpectFailed) -> Self {
         Response::new(StatusCode::EXPECTATION_FAILED)
     }
diff --git a/actix-http/tests/test_openssl.rs b/actix-http/tests/test_openssl.rs
index e7dd78171..86ee17c74 100644
--- a/actix-http/tests/test_openssl.rs
+++ b/actix-http/tests/test_openssl.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ extern crate tls_openssl as openssl;
 use std::{convert::Infallible, io};
 
 use actix_http::{
-    body::{AnyBody, SizedStream},
+    body::{BodyStream, BoxBody, SizedStream},
     error::PayloadError,
     http::{
         header::{self, HeaderValue},
@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ async fn test_h2_body_chunked_explicit() {
                 ok::<_, Infallible>(
                     Response::build(StatusCode::OK)
                         .insert_header((header::TRANSFER_ENCODING, "chunked"))
-                        .streaming(body),
+                        .body(BodyStream::new(body)),
                 )
             })
             .openssl(tls_config())
@@ -399,9 +399,11 @@ async fn test_h2_response_http_error_handling() {
 #[display(fmt = "error")]
 struct BadRequest;
 
-impl From<BadRequest> for Response<AnyBody> {
+impl From<BadRequest> for Response<BoxBody> {
     fn from(err: BadRequest) -> Self {
-        Response::build(StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST).body(err.to_string())
+        Response::build(StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST)
+            .body(err.to_string())
+            .map_into_boxed_body()
     }
 }
 
@@ -409,7 +411,7 @@ impl From<BadRequest> for Response<AnyBody> {
 async fn test_h2_service_error() {
     let mut srv = test_server(move || {
         HttpService::build()
-            .h2(|_| err::<Response<AnyBody>, _>(BadRequest))
+            .h2(|_| err::<Response<BoxBody>, _>(BadRequest))
             .openssl(tls_config())
             .map_err(|_| ())
     })
diff --git a/actix-http/tests/test_rustls.rs b/actix-http/tests/test_rustls.rs
index b5289bf7c..873752779 100644
--- a/actix-http/tests/test_rustls.rs
+++ b/actix-http/tests/test_rustls.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use std::{
 };
 
 use actix_http::{
-    body::{AnyBody, SizedStream},
+    body::{BodyStream, BoxBody, SizedStream},
     error::PayloadError,
     http::{
         header::{self, HeaderName, HeaderValue},
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ async fn test_h2_body_chunked_explicit() {
                 ok::<_, Infallible>(
                     Response::build(StatusCode::OK)
                         .insert_header((header::TRANSFER_ENCODING, "chunked"))
-                        .streaming(body),
+                        .body(BodyStream::new(body)),
                 )
             })
             .rustls(tls_config())
@@ -467,9 +467,9 @@ async fn test_h2_response_http_error_handling() {
 #[display(fmt = "error")]
 struct BadRequest;
 
-impl From<BadRequest> for Response<AnyBody> {
+impl From<BadRequest> for Response<BoxBody> {
     fn from(_: BadRequest) -> Self {
-        Response::bad_request().set_body(AnyBody::from("error"))
+        Response::bad_request().set_body(BoxBody::new("error"))
     }
 }
 
@@ -477,7 +477,7 @@ impl From<BadRequest> for Response<AnyBody> {
 async fn test_h2_service_error() {
     let mut srv = test_server(move || {
         HttpService::build()
-            .h2(|_| err::<Response<AnyBody>, _>(BadRequest))
+            .h2(|_| err::<Response<BoxBody>, _>(BadRequest))
             .rustls(tls_config())
     })
     .await;
@@ -494,7 +494,7 @@ async fn test_h2_service_error() {
 async fn test_h1_service_error() {
     let mut srv = test_server(move || {
         HttpService::build()
-            .h1(|_| err::<Response<AnyBody>, _>(BadRequest))
+            .h1(|_| err::<Response<BoxBody>, _>(BadRequest))
             .rustls(tls_config())
     })
     .await;
diff --git a/actix-http/tests/test_server.rs b/actix-http/tests/test_server.rs
index 11bc8e939..adf2a28ca 100644
--- a/actix-http/tests/test_server.rs
+++ b/actix-http/tests/test_server.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use std::{
 };
 
 use actix_http::{
-    body::{AnyBody, SizedStream},
+    body::{self, BodyStream, BoxBody, SizedStream},
     header, http, Error, HttpMessage, HttpService, KeepAlive, Request, Response,
     StatusCode,
 };
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ async fn test_h1_2() {
 #[display(fmt = "expect failed")]
 struct ExpectFailed;
 
-impl From<ExpectFailed> for Response<AnyBody> {
+impl From<ExpectFailed> for Response<BoxBody> {
     fn from(_: ExpectFailed) -> Self {
         Response::new(StatusCode::EXPECTATION_FAILED)
     }
@@ -622,7 +622,7 @@ async fn test_h1_body_chunked_explicit() {
                 ok::<_, Infallible>(
                     Response::build(StatusCode::OK)
                         .insert_header((header::TRANSFER_ENCODING, "chunked"))
-                        .streaming(body),
+                        .body(BodyStream::new(body)),
                 )
             })
             .tcp()
@@ -656,7 +656,9 @@ async fn test_h1_body_chunked_implicit() {
         HttpService::build()
             .h1(|_| {
                 let body = once(ok::<_, Error>(Bytes::from_static(STR.as_ref())));
-                ok::<_, Infallible>(Response::build(StatusCode::OK).streaming(body))
+                ok::<_, Infallible>(
+                    Response::build(StatusCode::OK).body(BodyStream::new(body)),
+                )
             })
             .tcp()
     })
@@ -714,9 +716,9 @@ async fn test_h1_response_http_error_handling() {
 #[display(fmt = "error")]
 struct BadRequest;
 
-impl From<BadRequest> for Response<AnyBody> {
+impl From<BadRequest> for Response<BoxBody> {
     fn from(_: BadRequest) -> Self {
-        Response::bad_request().set_body(AnyBody::from("error"))
+        Response::bad_request().set_body(BoxBody::new("error"))
     }
 }
 
@@ -724,7 +726,7 @@ impl From<BadRequest> for Response<AnyBody> {
 async fn test_h1_service_error() {
     let mut srv = test_server(|| {
         HttpService::build()
-            .h1(|_| err::<Response<AnyBody>, _>(BadRequest))
+            .h1(|_| err::<Response<()>, _>(BadRequest))
             .tcp()
     })
     .await;
@@ -773,36 +775,35 @@ async fn test_not_modified_spec_h1() {
     let mut srv = test_server(|| {
         HttpService::build()
             .h1(|req: Request| {
-                let res: Response<AnyBody> = match req.path() {
+                let res: Response<BoxBody> = match req.path() {
                     // with no content-length
                     "/none" => {
-                        Response::with_body(StatusCode::NOT_MODIFIED, AnyBody::None)
+                        Response::with_body(StatusCode::NOT_MODIFIED, body::None::new())
+                            .map_into_boxed_body()
                     }
 
                     // with no content-length
-                    "/body" => Response::with_body(
-                        StatusCode::NOT_MODIFIED,
-                        AnyBody::from("1234"),
-                    ),
+                    "/body" => Response::with_body(StatusCode::NOT_MODIFIED, "1234")
+                        .map_into_boxed_body(),
 
                     // with manual content-length header and specific None body
                     "/cl-none" => {
-                        let mut res =
-                            Response::with_body(StatusCode::NOT_MODIFIED, AnyBody::None);
+                        let mut res = Response::with_body(
+                            StatusCode::NOT_MODIFIED,
+                            body::None::new(),
+                        );
                         res.headers_mut()
                             .insert(CL.clone(), header::HeaderValue::from_static("24"));
-                        res
+                        res.map_into_boxed_body()
                     }
 
                     // with manual content-length header and ignore-able body
                     "/cl-body" => {
-                        let mut res = Response::with_body(
-                            StatusCode::NOT_MODIFIED,
-                            AnyBody::from("1234"),
-                        );
+                        let mut res =
+                            Response::with_body(StatusCode::NOT_MODIFIED, "1234");
                         res.headers_mut()
                             .insert(CL.clone(), header::HeaderValue::from_static("4"));
-                        res
+                        res.map_into_boxed_body()
                     }
 
                     _ => panic!("unknown route"),
diff --git a/actix-http/tests/test_ws.rs b/actix-http/tests/test_ws.rs
index 6d0de2316..c91382013 100644
--- a/actix-http/tests/test_ws.rs
+++ b/actix-http/tests/test_ws.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use std::{
 
 use actix_codec::{AsyncRead, AsyncWrite, Framed};
 use actix_http::{
-    body::{AnyBody, BodySize},
+    body::{BodySize, BoxBody},
     h1,
     ws::{self, CloseCode, Frame, Item, Message},
     Error, HttpService, Request, Response,
@@ -50,14 +50,14 @@ enum WsServiceError {
     Dispatcher,
 }
 
-impl From<WsServiceError> for Response<AnyBody> {
+impl From<WsServiceError> for Response<BoxBody> {
     fn from(err: WsServiceError) -> Self {
         match err {
             WsServiceError::Http(err) => err.into(),
             WsServiceError::Ws(err) => err.into(),
             WsServiceError::Io(_err) => unreachable!(),
             WsServiceError::Dispatcher => Response::internal_server_error()
-                .set_body(AnyBody::from(format!("{}", err))),
+                .set_body(BoxBody::new(format!("{}", err))),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/app.rs b/src/app.rs
index a291a959e..8c3dc6ac7 100644
--- a/src/app.rs
+++ b/src/app.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use std::future::Future;
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use std::rc::Rc;
 
-use actix_http::body::{AnyBody, MessageBody};
+use actix_http::body::{BoxBody, MessageBody};
 use actix_http::{Extensions, Request};
 use actix_service::boxed::{self, BoxServiceFactory};
 use actix_service::{
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ pub struct App<T, B> {
     _phantom: PhantomData<B>,
 }
 
-impl App<AppEntry, AnyBody> {
+impl App<AppEntry, BoxBody> {
     /// Create application builder. Application can be configured with a builder-like pattern.
     #[allow(clippy::new_without_default)]
     pub fn new() -> Self {
diff --git a/src/dev.rs b/src/dev.rs
index 59805b822..64d76b967 100644
--- a/src/dev.rs
+++ b/src/dev.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 //! Lower-level types and re-exports.
 //!
 //! Most users will not have to interact with the types in this module, but it is useful for those
-//! writing extractors, middleware and libraries, or interacting with the service API directly.
+//! writing extractors, middleware, libraries, or interacting with the service API directly.
 
 pub use crate::config::{AppConfig, AppService};
 #[doc(hidden)]
@@ -17,8 +17,6 @@ pub use crate::types::readlines::Readlines;
 #[allow(deprecated)]
 pub use actix_http::body::{AnyBody, Body, BodySize, MessageBody, SizedStream};
 
-#[cfg(feature = "__compress")]
-pub use actix_http::encoding::Decoder as Decompress;
 pub use actix_http::{Extensions, Payload, PayloadStream, RequestHead, Response, ResponseHead};
 pub use actix_router::{Path, ResourceDef, ResourcePath, Url};
 pub use actix_server::{Server, ServerHandle};
@@ -26,8 +24,10 @@ pub use actix_service::{
     always_ready, fn_factory, fn_service, forward_ready, Service, ServiceFactory, Transform,
 };
 
+#[cfg(feature = "__compress")]
+pub use actix_http::encoding::Decoder as Decompress;
+
 use crate::http::header::ContentEncoding;
-use actix_http::ResponseBuilder;
 
 use actix_router::Patterns;
 
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ pub trait BodyEncoding {
     fn encoding(&mut self, encoding: ContentEncoding) -> &mut Self;
 }
 
-impl BodyEncoding for ResponseBuilder {
+impl BodyEncoding for actix_http::ResponseBuilder {
     fn get_encoding(&self) -> Option<ContentEncoding> {
         self.extensions().get::<Enc>().map(|enc| enc.0)
     }
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ impl BodyEncoding for ResponseBuilder {
     }
 }
 
-impl<B> BodyEncoding for Response<B> {
+impl<B> BodyEncoding for actix_http::Response<B> {
     fn get_encoding(&self) -> Option<ContentEncoding> {
         self.extensions().get::<Enc>().map(|enc| enc.0)
     }
diff --git a/src/error/error.rs b/src/error/error.rs
index add290867..be17c1962 100644
--- a/src/error/error.rs
+++ b/src/error/error.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use std::{error::Error as StdError, fmt};
 
-use actix_http::{body::AnyBody, Response};
+use actix_http::{body::BoxBody, Response};
 
 use crate::{HttpResponse, ResponseError};
 
@@ -69,8 +69,8 @@ impl<T: ResponseError + 'static> From<T> for Error {
     }
 }
 
-impl From<Error> for Response<AnyBody> {
-    fn from(err: Error) -> Response<AnyBody> {
+impl From<Error> for Response<BoxBody> {
+    fn from(err: Error) -> Response<BoxBody> {
         err.error_response().into()
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/error/internal.rs b/src/error/internal.rs
index 3d99012dc..00b77586e 100644
--- a/src/error/internal.rs
+++ b/src/error/internal.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 use std::{cell::RefCell, fmt, io::Write as _};
 
-use actix_http::{body::AnyBody, header, StatusCode};
+use actix_http::{
+    body::BoxBody,
+    header::{self, IntoHeaderValue as _},
+    StatusCode,
+};
 use bytes::{BufMut as _, BytesMut};
 
 use crate::{Error, HttpRequest, HttpResponse, Responder, ResponseError};
@@ -84,11 +88,10 @@ where
                 let mut buf = BytesMut::new().writer();
                 let _ = write!(buf, "{}", self);
 
-                res.headers_mut().insert(
-                    header::CONTENT_TYPE,
-                    header::HeaderValue::from_static("text/plain; charset=utf-8"),
-                );
-                res.set_body(AnyBody::from(buf.into_inner()))
+                let mime = mime::TEXT_PLAIN_UTF_8.try_into_value().unwrap();
+                res.headers_mut().insert(header::CONTENT_TYPE, mime);
+
+                res.set_body(BoxBody::new(buf.into_inner()))
             }
 
             InternalErrorType::Response(ref resp) => {
diff --git a/src/error/response_error.rs b/src/error/response_error.rs
index 2c34be3cb..7260efa1a 100644
--- a/src/error/response_error.rs
+++ b/src/error/response_error.rs
@@ -6,11 +6,17 @@ use std::{
     io::{self, Write as _},
 };
 
-use actix_http::{body::AnyBody, header, Response, StatusCode};
+use actix_http::{
+    body::BoxBody,
+    header::{self, IntoHeaderValue},
+    Response, StatusCode,
+};
 use bytes::BytesMut;
 
-use crate::error::{downcast_dyn, downcast_get_type_id};
-use crate::{helpers, HttpResponse};
+use crate::{
+    error::{downcast_dyn, downcast_get_type_id},
+    helpers, HttpResponse,
+};
 
 /// Errors that can generate responses.
 // TODO: add std::error::Error bound when replacement for Box<dyn Error> is found
@@ -27,18 +33,16 @@ pub trait ResponseError: fmt::Debug + fmt::Display {
     ///
     /// By default, the generated response uses a 500 Internal Server Error status code, a
     /// `Content-Type` of `text/plain`, and the body is set to `Self`'s `Display` impl.
-    fn error_response(&self) -> HttpResponse {
+    fn error_response(&self) -> HttpResponse<BoxBody> {
         let mut res = HttpResponse::new(self.status_code());
 
         let mut buf = BytesMut::new();
         let _ = write!(helpers::MutWriter(&mut buf), "{}", self);
 
-        res.headers_mut().insert(
-            header::CONTENT_TYPE,
-            header::HeaderValue::from_static("text/plain; charset=utf-8"),
-        );
+        let mime = mime::TEXT_PLAIN_UTF_8.try_into_value().unwrap();
+        res.headers_mut().insert(header::CONTENT_TYPE, mime);
 
-        res.set_body(AnyBody::from(buf))
+        res.set_body(BoxBody::new(buf))
     }
 
     downcast_get_type_id!();
@@ -86,8 +90,8 @@ impl ResponseError for actix_http::Error {
         StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR
     }
 
-    fn error_response(&self) -> HttpResponse {
-        HttpResponse::new(self.status_code()).set_body(self.to_string().into())
+    fn error_response(&self) -> HttpResponse<BoxBody> {
+        HttpResponse::with_body(self.status_code(), self.to_string()).map_into_boxed_body()
     }
 }
 
@@ -123,8 +127,8 @@ impl ResponseError for actix_http::error::ContentTypeError {
 }
 
 impl ResponseError for actix_http::ws::HandshakeError {
-    fn error_response(&self) -> HttpResponse {
-        Response::from(self).into()
+    fn error_response(&self) -> HttpResponse<BoxBody> {
+        Response::from(self).map_into_boxed_body().into()
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/middleware/compat.rs b/src/middleware/compat.rs
index a75335981..d6dcd6d14 100644
--- a/src/middleware/compat.rs
+++ b/src/middleware/compat.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use std::{
     task::{Context, Poll},
 };
 
-use actix_http::body::{AnyBody, MessageBody};
+use actix_http::body::MessageBody;
 use actix_service::{Service, Transform};
 use futures_core::{future::LocalBoxFuture, ready};
 use pin_project_lite::pin_project;
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ where
     B::Error: Into<Box<dyn StdError + 'static>>,
 {
     fn map_body(self) -> ServiceResponse {
-        self.map_body(|_, body| AnyBody::new_boxed(body))
+        self.map_into_boxed_body()
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/middleware/compress.rs b/src/middleware/compress.rs
index 3b99fd6b3..06af6b6fc 100644
--- a/src/middleware/compress.rs
+++ b/src/middleware/compress.rs
@@ -10,14 +10,13 @@ use std::{
 };
 
 use actix_http::{
-    body::{AnyBody, MessageBody},
+    body::{BoxBody, EitherBody, MessageBody},
     encoding::Encoder,
     http::header::{ContentEncoding, ACCEPT_ENCODING},
     StatusCode,
 };
 use actix_service::{Service, Transform};
 use actix_utils::future::{ok, Either, Ready};
-use bytes::Bytes;
 use futures_core::ready;
 use once_cell::sync::Lazy;
 use pin_project_lite::pin_project;
@@ -62,7 +61,7 @@ where
     B: MessageBody,
     S: Service<ServiceRequest, Response = ServiceResponse<B>, Error = Error>,
 {
-    type Response = ServiceResponse<AnyBody<Encoder<B>>>;
+    type Response = ServiceResponse<EitherBody<Encoder<B>>>;
     type Error = Error;
     type Transform = CompressMiddleware<S>;
     type InitError = ();
@@ -112,7 +111,7 @@ where
     S: Service<ServiceRequest, Response = ServiceResponse<B>, Error = Error>,
     B: MessageBody,
 {
-    type Response = ServiceResponse<AnyBody<Encoder<B>>>;
+    type Response = ServiceResponse<EitherBody<Encoder<B>>>;
     type Error = Error;
     type Future = Either<CompressResponse<S, B>, Ready<Result<Self::Response, Self::Error>>>;
 
@@ -144,19 +143,14 @@ where
 
             // There is an HTTP header but we cannot match what client as asked for
             Some(Err(_)) => {
-                let res = HttpResponse::new(StatusCode::NOT_ACCEPTABLE);
+                let res = HttpResponse::with_body(
+                    StatusCode::NOT_ACCEPTABLE,
+                    SUPPORTED_ALGORITHM_NAMES.clone(),
+                );
 
-                let res: HttpResponse<AnyBody<Encoder<B>>> = res.map_body(move |head, _| {
-                    let body_bytes = Bytes::from(SUPPORTED_ALGORITHM_NAMES.as_bytes());
-
-                    Encoder::response(
-                        ContentEncoding::Identity,
-                        head,
-                        AnyBody::Bytes(body_bytes),
-                    )
-                });
-
-                Either::right(ok(req.into_response(res)))
+                Either::right(ok(req
+                    .into_response(res)
+                    .map_body(|_, body| EitherBody::right(BoxBody::new(body)))))
             }
         }
     }
@@ -179,7 +173,7 @@ where
     B: MessageBody,
     S: Service<ServiceRequest, Response = ServiceResponse<B>, Error = Error>,
 {
-    type Output = Result<ServiceResponse<AnyBody<Encoder<B>>>, Error>;
+    type Output = Result<ServiceResponse<EitherBody<Encoder<B>>>, Error>;
 
     fn poll(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
         let this = self.project();
@@ -193,10 +187,11 @@ where
                 };
 
                 Poll::Ready(Ok(resp.map_body(move |head, body| {
-                    Encoder::response(enc, head, AnyBody::Body(body))
+                    EitherBody::left(Encoder::response(enc, head, body))
                 })))
             }
-            Err(e) => Poll::Ready(Err(e)),
+
+            Err(err) => Poll::Ready(Err(err)),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/responder.rs b/src/responder.rs
index 8a84be598..e78d0c1c7 100644
--- a/src/responder.rs
+++ b/src/responder.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
-use std::borrow::Cow;
-
 use actix_http::{
-    body::AnyBody,
+    body::BoxBody,
     http::{header::IntoHeaderPair, Error as HttpError, HeaderMap, StatusCode},
 };
 use bytes::{Bytes, BytesMut};
@@ -13,7 +11,7 @@ use crate::{Error, HttpRequest, HttpResponse, HttpResponseBuilder};
 /// Any types that implement this trait can be used in the return type of a handler.
 pub trait Responder {
     /// Convert self to `HttpResponse`.
-    fn respond_to(self, req: &HttpRequest) -> HttpResponse;
+    fn respond_to(self, req: &HttpRequest) -> HttpResponse<BoxBody>;
 
     /// Override a status code for a Responder.
     ///
@@ -60,34 +58,34 @@ pub trait Responder {
 
 impl Responder for HttpResponse {
     #[inline]
-    fn respond_to(self, _: &HttpRequest) -> HttpResponse {
+    fn respond_to(self, _: &HttpRequest) -> HttpResponse<BoxBody> {
         self
     }
 }
 
-impl Responder for actix_http::Response<AnyBody> {
+impl Responder for actix_http::Response<BoxBody> {
     #[inline]
-    fn respond_to(self, _: &HttpRequest) -> HttpResponse {
+    fn respond_to(self, _: &HttpRequest) -> HttpResponse<BoxBody> {
         HttpResponse::from(self)
     }
 }
 
 impl Responder for HttpResponseBuilder {
     #[inline]
-    fn respond_to(mut self, _: &HttpRequest) -> HttpResponse {
+    fn respond_to(mut self, _: &HttpRequest) -> HttpResponse<BoxBody> {
         self.finish()
     }
 }
 
 impl Responder for actix_http::ResponseBuilder {
     #[inline]
-    fn respond_to(mut self, _: &HttpRequest) -> HttpResponse {
-        HttpResponse::from(self.finish())
+    fn respond_to(mut self, req: &HttpRequest) -> HttpResponse<BoxBody> {
+        self.finish().map_into_boxed_body().respond_to(req)
     }
 }
 
 impl<T: Responder> Responder for Option<T> {
-    fn respond_to(self, req: &HttpRequest) -> HttpResponse {
+    fn respond_to(self, req: &HttpRequest) -> HttpResponse<BoxBody> {
         match self {
             Some(val) => val.respond_to(req),
             None => HttpResponse::new(StatusCode::NOT_FOUND),
@@ -100,7 +98,7 @@ where
     T: Responder,
     E: Into<Error>,
 {
-    fn respond_to(self, req: &HttpRequest) -> HttpResponse {
+    fn respond_to(self, req: &HttpRequest) -> HttpResponse<BoxBody> {
         match self {
             Ok(val) => val.respond_to(req),
             Err(e) => HttpResponse::from_error(e.into()),
@@ -109,7 +107,7 @@ where
 }
 
 impl<T: Responder> Responder for (T, StatusCode) {
-    fn respond_to(self, req: &HttpRequest) -> HttpResponse {
+    fn respond_to(self, req: &HttpRequest) -> HttpResponse<BoxBody> {
         let mut res = self.0.respond_to(req);
         *res.status_mut() = self.1;
         res
@@ -119,7 +117,7 @@ impl<T: Responder> Responder for (T, StatusCode) {
 macro_rules! impl_responder {
     ($res: ty, $ct: path) => {
         impl Responder for $res {
-            fn respond_to(self, _: &HttpRequest) -> HttpResponse {
+            fn respond_to(self, _: &HttpRequest) -> HttpResponse<BoxBody> {
                 HttpResponse::Ok().content_type($ct).body(self)
             }
         }
@@ -130,9 +128,9 @@ impl_responder!(&'static str, mime::TEXT_PLAIN_UTF_8);
 
 impl_responder!(String, mime::TEXT_PLAIN_UTF_8);
 
-impl_responder!(&'_ String, mime::TEXT_PLAIN_UTF_8);
+// impl_responder!(&'_ String, mime::TEXT_PLAIN_UTF_8);
 
-impl_responder!(Cow<'_, str>, mime::TEXT_PLAIN_UTF_8);
+// impl_responder!(Cow<'_, str>, mime::TEXT_PLAIN_UTF_8);
 
 impl_responder!(&'static [u8], mime::APPLICATION_OCTET_STREAM);
 
@@ -231,11 +229,15 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
     use actix_service::Service;
     use bytes::{Bytes, BytesMut};
 
+    use actix_http::body::to_bytes;
+
     use super::*;
-    use crate::dev::AnyBody;
-    use crate::http::{header::CONTENT_TYPE, HeaderValue, StatusCode};
-    use crate::test::{init_service, TestRequest};
-    use crate::{error, web, App};
+    use crate::{
+        error,
+        http::{header::CONTENT_TYPE, HeaderValue, StatusCode},
+        test::{assert_body_eq, init_service, TestRequest},
+        web, App,
+    };
 
     #[actix_rt::test]
     async fn test_option_responder() {
@@ -253,112 +255,107 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
         let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/some").to_request();
         let resp = srv.call(req).await.unwrap();
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
-        match resp.response().body() {
-            AnyBody::Bytes(ref b) => {
-                let bytes = b.clone();
-                assert_eq!(bytes, Bytes::from_static(b"some"));
-            }
-            _ => panic!(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    pub(crate) trait BodyTest {
-        fn bin_ref(&self) -> &[u8];
-        fn body(&self) -> &AnyBody;
-    }
-
-    impl BodyTest for AnyBody {
-        fn bin_ref(&self) -> &[u8] {
-            match self {
-                AnyBody::Bytes(ref bin) => bin,
-                _ => unreachable!("bug in test impl"),
-            }
-        }
-        fn body(&self) -> &AnyBody {
-            self
-        }
+        assert_body_eq!(resp, b"some");
     }
 
     #[actix_rt::test]
     async fn test_responder() {
         let req = TestRequest::default().to_http_request();
 
-        let resp = "test".respond_to(&req);
-        assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
-        assert_eq!(resp.body().bin_ref(), b"test");
+        let res = "test".respond_to(&req);
+        assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::OK);
         assert_eq!(
-            resp.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
+            res.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
             HeaderValue::from_static("text/plain; charset=utf-8")
         );
-
-        let resp = b"test".respond_to(&req);
-        assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
-        assert_eq!(resp.body().bin_ref(), b"test");
         assert_eq!(
-            resp.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
+            to_bytes(res.into_body()).await.unwrap(),
+            Bytes::from_static(b"test"),
+        );
+
+        let res = b"test".respond_to(&req);
+        assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+        assert_eq!(
+            res.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
             HeaderValue::from_static("application/octet-stream")
         );
-
-        let resp = "test".to_string().respond_to(&req);
-        assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
-        assert_eq!(resp.body().bin_ref(), b"test");
         assert_eq!(
-            resp.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
-            HeaderValue::from_static("text/plain; charset=utf-8")
+            to_bytes(res.into_body()).await.unwrap(),
+            Bytes::from_static(b"test"),
         );
 
-        let resp = (&"test".to_string()).respond_to(&req);
-        assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
-        assert_eq!(resp.body().bin_ref(), b"test");
+        let res = "test".to_string().respond_to(&req);
+        assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::OK);
         assert_eq!(
-            resp.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
+            res.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
             HeaderValue::from_static("text/plain; charset=utf-8")
         );
-
-        let s = String::from("test");
-        let resp = Cow::Borrowed(s.as_str()).respond_to(&req);
-        assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
-        assert_eq!(resp.body().bin_ref(), b"test");
         assert_eq!(
-            resp.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
-            HeaderValue::from_static("text/plain; charset=utf-8")
+            to_bytes(res.into_body()).await.unwrap(),
+            Bytes::from_static(b"test"),
         );
 
-        let resp = Cow::<'_, str>::Owned(s).respond_to(&req);
-        assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
-        assert_eq!(resp.body().bin_ref(), b"test");
-        assert_eq!(
-            resp.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
-            HeaderValue::from_static("text/plain; charset=utf-8")
-        );
+        // let res = (&"test".to_string()).respond_to(&req);
+        // assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+        // assert_eq!(
+        //     res.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
+        //     HeaderValue::from_static("text/plain; charset=utf-8")
+        // );
+        // assert_eq!(
+        //     to_bytes(res.into_body()).await.unwrap(),
+        //     Bytes::from_static(b"test"),
+        // );
 
-        let resp = Cow::Borrowed("test").respond_to(&req);
-        assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
-        assert_eq!(resp.body().bin_ref(), b"test");
-        assert_eq!(
-            resp.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
-            HeaderValue::from_static("text/plain; charset=utf-8")
-        );
+        // let s = String::from("test");
+        // let res = Cow::Borrowed(s.as_str()).respond_to(&req);
+        // assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+        // assert_eq!(res.body().bin_ref(), b"test");
+        // assert_eq!(
+        //     res.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
+        //     HeaderValue::from_static("text/plain; charset=utf-8")
+        // );
 
-        let resp = Bytes::from_static(b"test").respond_to(&req);
-        assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
-        assert_eq!(resp.body().bin_ref(), b"test");
+        // let res = Cow::<'_, str>::Owned(s).respond_to(&req);
+        // assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+        // assert_eq!(res.body().bin_ref(), b"test");
+        // assert_eq!(
+        //     res.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
+        //     HeaderValue::from_static("text/plain; charset=utf-8")
+        // );
+
+        // let res = Cow::Borrowed("test").respond_to(&req);
+        // assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+        // assert_eq!(res.body().bin_ref(), b"test");
+        // assert_eq!(
+        //     res.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
+        //     HeaderValue::from_static("text/plain; charset=utf-8")
+        // );
+
+        let res = Bytes::from_static(b"test").respond_to(&req);
+        assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::OK);
         assert_eq!(
-            resp.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
+            res.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
             HeaderValue::from_static("application/octet-stream")
         );
-
-        let resp = BytesMut::from(b"test".as_ref()).respond_to(&req);
-        assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
-        assert_eq!(resp.body().bin_ref(), b"test");
         assert_eq!(
-            resp.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
+            to_bytes(res.into_body()).await.unwrap(),
+            Bytes::from_static(b"test"),
+        );
+
+        let res = BytesMut::from(b"test".as_ref()).respond_to(&req);
+        assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+        assert_eq!(
+            res.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
             HeaderValue::from_static("application/octet-stream")
         );
+        assert_eq!(
+            to_bytes(res.into_body()).await.unwrap(),
+            Bytes::from_static(b"test"),
+        );
 
         // InternalError
-        let resp = error::InternalError::new("err", StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST).respond_to(&req);
-        assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST);
+        let res = error::InternalError::new("err", StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST).respond_to(&req);
+        assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST);
     }
 
     #[actix_rt::test]
@@ -368,11 +365,14 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
         // Result<I, E>
         let resp = Ok::<_, Error>("test".to_string()).respond_to(&req);
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
-        assert_eq!(resp.body().bin_ref(), b"test");
         assert_eq!(
             resp.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
             HeaderValue::from_static("text/plain; charset=utf-8")
         );
+        assert_eq!(
+            to_bytes(resp.into_body()).await.unwrap(),
+            Bytes::from_static(b"test"),
+        );
 
         let res = Err::<String, _>(error::InternalError::new("err", StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST))
             .respond_to(&req);
@@ -389,7 +389,10 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
             .respond_to(&req);
 
         assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST);
-        assert_eq!(res.body().bin_ref(), b"test");
+        assert_eq!(
+            to_bytes(res.into_body()).await.unwrap(),
+            Bytes::from_static(b"test"),
+        );
 
         let res = "test"
             .to_string()
@@ -397,11 +400,14 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
             .respond_to(&req);
 
         assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::OK);
-        assert_eq!(res.body().bin_ref(), b"test");
         assert_eq!(
             res.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
             HeaderValue::from_static("json")
         );
+        assert_eq!(
+            to_bytes(res.into_body()).await.unwrap(),
+            Bytes::from_static(b"test"),
+        );
     }
 
     #[actix_rt::test]
@@ -409,17 +415,23 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
         let req = TestRequest::default().to_http_request();
         let res = ("test".to_string(), StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST).respond_to(&req);
         assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST);
-        assert_eq!(res.body().bin_ref(), b"test");
+        assert_eq!(
+            to_bytes(res.into_body()).await.unwrap(),
+            Bytes::from_static(b"test"),
+        );
 
         let req = TestRequest::default().to_http_request();
         let res = ("test".to_string(), StatusCode::OK)
             .with_header((CONTENT_TYPE, mime::APPLICATION_JSON))
             .respond_to(&req);
         assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::OK);
-        assert_eq!(res.body().bin_ref(), b"test");
         assert_eq!(
             res.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
             HeaderValue::from_static("application/json")
         );
+        assert_eq!(
+            to_bytes(res.into_body()).await.unwrap(),
+            Bytes::from_static(b"test"),
+        );
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/response/builder.rs b/src/response/builder.rs
index e61f7e16f..21364444c 100644
--- a/src/response/builder.rs
+++ b/src/response/builder.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use std::{
 };
 
 use actix_http::{
-    body::{AnyBody, BodyStream},
+    body::{BodyStream, BoxBody, MessageBody},
     http::{
         header::{self, HeaderName, IntoHeaderPair, IntoHeaderValue},
         ConnectionType, Error as HttpError, StatusCode,
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ use crate::{
 ///
 /// This type can be used to construct an instance of `Response` through a builder-like pattern.
 pub struct HttpResponseBuilder {
-    res: Option<Response<AnyBody>>,
+    res: Option<Response<BoxBody>>,
     err: Option<HttpError>,
     #[cfg(feature = "cookies")]
     cookies: Option<CookieJar>,
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ impl HttpResponseBuilder {
     /// Create response builder
     pub fn new(status: StatusCode) -> Self {
         Self {
-            res: Some(Response::new(status)),
+            res: Some(Response::with_body(status, BoxBody::new(()))),
             err: None,
             #[cfg(feature = "cookies")]
             cookies: None,
@@ -299,7 +299,6 @@ impl HttpResponseBuilder {
     }
 
     /// Mutable reference to a the response's extensions
-    #[inline]
     pub fn extensions_mut(&mut self) -> RefMut<'_, Extensions> {
         self.res
             .as_mut()
@@ -310,10 +309,13 @@ impl HttpResponseBuilder {
     /// Set a body and generate `Response`.
     ///
     /// `HttpResponseBuilder` can not be used after this call.
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn body<B: Into<AnyBody>>(&mut self, body: B) -> HttpResponse<AnyBody> {
-        match self.message_body(body.into()) {
-            Ok(res) => res,
+    pub fn body<B>(&mut self, body: B) -> HttpResponse<BoxBody>
+    where
+        B: MessageBody + 'static,
+        B::Error: Into<Box<dyn StdError + 'static>>,
+    {
+        match self.message_body(body) {
+            Ok(res) => res.map_into_boxed_body(),
             Err(err) => HttpResponse::from_error(err),
         }
     }
@@ -332,7 +334,7 @@ impl HttpResponseBuilder {
             .expect("cannot reuse response builder")
             .set_body(body);
 
-        #[allow(unused_mut)]
+        #[allow(unused_mut)] // mut is only unused when cookies are disabled
         let mut res = HttpResponse::from(res);
 
         #[cfg(feature = "cookies")]
@@ -357,7 +359,7 @@ impl HttpResponseBuilder {
         S: Stream<Item = Result<Bytes, E>> + 'static,
         E: Into<Box<dyn StdError>> + 'static,
     {
-        self.body(AnyBody::new_boxed(BodyStream::new(stream)))
+        self.body(BoxBody::new(BodyStream::new(stream)))
     }
 
     /// Set a json body and generate `Response`
@@ -376,7 +378,7 @@ impl HttpResponseBuilder {
                     self.insert_header((header::CONTENT_TYPE, mime::APPLICATION_JSON));
                 }
 
-                self.body(AnyBody::from(body))
+                self.body(body)
             }
             Err(err) => HttpResponse::from_error(JsonPayloadError::Serialize(err)),
         }
@@ -387,7 +389,7 @@ impl HttpResponseBuilder {
     /// `HttpResponseBuilder` can not be used after this call.
     #[inline]
     pub fn finish(&mut self) -> HttpResponse {
-        self.body(AnyBody::empty())
+        self.body(BoxBody::new(()))
     }
 
     /// This method construct new `HttpResponseBuilder`
@@ -416,7 +418,7 @@ impl From<HttpResponseBuilder> for HttpResponse {
     }
 }
 
-impl From<HttpResponseBuilder> for Response<AnyBody> {
+impl From<HttpResponseBuilder> for Response<BoxBody> {
     fn from(mut builder: HttpResponseBuilder) -> Self {
         builder.finish().into()
     }
diff --git a/src/response/response.rs b/src/response/response.rs
index 1b8925617..fb2a76624 100644
--- a/src/response/response.rs
+++ b/src/response/response.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use std::{
 };
 
 use actix_http::{
-    body::{AnyBody, BoxBody, MessageBody},
+    body::{BoxBody, MessageBody},
     http::{header::HeaderMap, StatusCode},
     Extensions, Response, ResponseHead,
 };
@@ -26,12 +26,12 @@ use {
 use crate::{error::Error, HttpResponseBuilder};
 
 /// An outgoing response.
-pub struct HttpResponse<B = AnyBody> {
+pub struct HttpResponse<B = BoxBody> {
     res: Response<B>,
     pub(crate) error: Option<Error>,
 }
 
-impl HttpResponse<AnyBody> {
+impl HttpResponse<BoxBody> {
     /// Constructs a response.
     #[inline]
     pub fn new(status: StatusCode) -> Self {
@@ -228,9 +228,9 @@ impl<B> HttpResponse<B> {
         }
     }
 
-    // TODO: into_body equivalent
+    // TODO: old into_body equivalent, maybe
 
-    pub fn into_boxed_body(self) -> HttpResponse<BoxBody>
+    pub fn map_into_boxed_body(self) -> HttpResponse<BoxBody>
     where
         B: MessageBody + 'static,
         B::Error: Into<Box<dyn StdError + 'static>>,
@@ -281,14 +281,14 @@ impl<B> From<HttpResponse<B>> for Response<B> {
     }
 }
 
-// Future is only implemented for AnyBody payload type because it's the most useful for making
+// Future is only implemented for BoxBody payload type because it's the most useful for making
 // simple handlers without async blocks. Making it generic over all MessageBody types requires a
 // future impl on Response which would cause it's body field to be, undesirably, Option<B>.
 //
 // This impl is not particularly efficient due to the Response construction and should probably
 // not be invoked if performance is important. Prefer an async fn/block in such cases.
-impl Future for HttpResponse<AnyBody> {
-    type Output = Result<Response<AnyBody>, Error>;
+impl Future for HttpResponse<BoxBody> {
+    type Output = Result<Response<BoxBody>, Error>;
 
     fn poll(mut self: Pin<&mut Self>, _: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
         if let Some(err) = self.error.take() {
diff --git a/src/scope.rs b/src/scope.rs
index bd7e2d735..ff013671b 100644
--- a/src/scope.rs
+++ b/src/scope.rs
@@ -586,12 +586,11 @@ mod tests {
     use bytes::Bytes;
 
     use crate::{
-        dev::AnyBody,
         guard,
         http::{header, HeaderValue, Method, StatusCode},
         middleware::DefaultHeaders,
         service::{ServiceRequest, ServiceResponse},
-        test::{call_service, init_service, read_body, TestRequest},
+        test::{assert_body_eq, call_service, init_service, read_body, TestRequest},
         web, App, HttpMessage, HttpRequest, HttpResponse,
     };
 
@@ -754,20 +753,13 @@ mod tests {
         .await;
 
         let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/ab-project1/path1").to_request();
-        let resp = srv.call(req).await.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
-
-        match resp.response().body() {
-            AnyBody::Bytes(ref b) => {
-                let bytes = b.clone();
-                assert_eq!(bytes, Bytes::from_static(b"project: project1"));
-            }
-            _ => panic!(),
-        }
+        let res = srv.call(req).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+        assert_body_eq!(res, b"project: project1");
 
         let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/aa-project1/path1").to_request();
-        let resp = srv.call(req).await.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
+        let res = srv.call(req).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
     }
 
     #[actix_rt::test]
@@ -855,16 +847,9 @@ mod tests {
         .await;
 
         let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/app/project_1/path1").to_request();
-        let resp = srv.call(req).await.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::CREATED);
-
-        match resp.response().body() {
-            AnyBody::Bytes(ref b) => {
-                let bytes = b.clone();
-                assert_eq!(bytes, Bytes::from_static(b"project: project_1"));
-            }
-            _ => panic!(),
-        }
+        let res = srv.call(req).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::CREATED);
+        assert_body_eq!(res, b"project: project_1");
     }
 
     #[actix_rt::test]
@@ -883,20 +868,13 @@ mod tests {
         .await;
 
         let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/app/test/1/path1").to_request();
-        let resp = srv.call(req).await.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::CREATED);
-
-        match resp.response().body() {
-            AnyBody::Bytes(ref b) => {
-                let bytes = b.clone();
-                assert_eq!(bytes, Bytes::from_static(b"project: test - 1"));
-            }
-            _ => panic!(),
-        }
+        let res = srv.call(req).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::CREATED);
+        assert_body_eq!(res, b"project: test - 1");
 
         let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/app/test/1/path2").to_request();
-        let resp = srv.call(req).await.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
+        let res = srv.call(req).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
     }
 
     #[actix_rt::test]
diff --git a/src/service.rs b/src/service.rs
index 80af342ab..614e51394 100644
--- a/src/service.rs
+++ b/src/service.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
-use std::cell::{Ref, RefMut};
-use std::rc::Rc;
-use std::{fmt, net};
+use std::{
+    cell::{Ref, RefMut},
+    error::Error as StdError,
+    fmt, net,
+    rc::Rc,
+};
 
 use actix_http::{
-    body::{AnyBody, MessageBody},
+    body::{BoxBody, MessageBody},
     http::{HeaderMap, Method, StatusCode, Uri, Version},
     Extensions, HttpMessage, Payload, PayloadStream, RequestHead, Response, ResponseHead,
 };
@@ -333,12 +336,12 @@ impl fmt::Debug for ServiceRequest {
 }
 
 /// A service level response wrapper.
-pub struct ServiceResponse<B = AnyBody> {
+pub struct ServiceResponse<B = BoxBody> {
     request: HttpRequest,
     response: HttpResponse<B>,
 }
 
-impl ServiceResponse<AnyBody> {
+impl ServiceResponse<BoxBody> {
     /// Create service response from the error
     pub fn from_err<E: Into<Error>>(err: E, request: HttpRequest) -> Self {
         let response = HttpResponse::from_error(err);
@@ -419,6 +422,14 @@ impl<B> ServiceResponse<B> {
             request: self.request,
         }
     }
+
+    pub fn map_into_boxed_body(self) -> ServiceResponse<BoxBody>
+    where
+        B: MessageBody + 'static,
+        B::Error: Into<Box<dyn StdError + 'static>>,
+    {
+        self.map_body(|_, body| BoxBody::new(body))
+    }
 }
 
 impl<B> From<ServiceResponse<B>> for HttpResponse<B> {
diff --git a/src/test.rs b/src/test.rs
index 77765e267..2cd01039d 100644
--- a/src/test.rs
+++ b/src/test.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ use std::{borrow::Cow, net::SocketAddr, rc::Rc};
 
 pub use actix_http::test::TestBuffer;
 use actix_http::{
-    body,
     http::{header::IntoHeaderPair, Method, StatusCode, Uri, Version},
     test::TestRequest as HttpTestRequest,
     Extensions, Request,
@@ -20,9 +19,10 @@ use serde::{de::DeserializeOwned, Serialize};
 use crate::cookie::{Cookie, CookieJar};
 use crate::{
     app_service::AppInitServiceState,
+    body::{self, BoxBody, MessageBody},
     config::AppConfig,
     data::Data,
-    dev::{AnyBody, MessageBody, Payload},
+    dev::Payload,
     http::header::ContentType,
     rmap::ResourceMap,
     service::{ServiceRequest, ServiceResponse},
@@ -32,14 +32,14 @@ use crate::{
 
 /// Create service that always responds with `HttpResponse::Ok()` and no body.
 pub fn ok_service(
-) -> impl Service<ServiceRequest, Response = ServiceResponse<AnyBody>, Error = Error> {
+) -> impl Service<ServiceRequest, Response = ServiceResponse<BoxBody>, Error = Error> {
     default_service(StatusCode::OK)
 }
 
 /// Create service that always responds with given status code and no body.
 pub fn default_service(
     status_code: StatusCode,
-) -> impl Service<ServiceRequest, Response = ServiceResponse<AnyBody>, Error = Error> {
+) -> impl Service<ServiceRequest, Response = ServiceResponse<BoxBody>, Error = Error> {
     (move |req: ServiceRequest| {
         ok(req.into_response(HttpResponseBuilder::new(status_code).finish()))
     })
@@ -632,6 +632,22 @@ impl TestRequest {
     }
 }
 
+/// Reduces boilerplate code when testing expected response payloads.
+#[cfg(test)]
+macro_rules! assert_body_eq {
+    ($res:ident, $expected:expr) => {
+        assert_eq!(
+            ::actix_http::body::to_bytes($res.into_body())
+                .await
+                .expect("body read should have succeeded"),
+            Bytes::from_static($expected),
+        )
+    };
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+pub(crate) use assert_body_eq;
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use std::time::SystemTime;
diff --git a/src/types/form.rs b/src/types/form.rs
index 098a864de..f4414dec5 100644
--- a/src/types/form.rs
+++ b/src/types/form.rs
@@ -408,11 +408,14 @@ mod tests {
     use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
     use super::*;
-    use crate::http::{
-        header::{HeaderValue, CONTENT_LENGTH, CONTENT_TYPE},
-        StatusCode,
-    };
     use crate::test::TestRequest;
+    use crate::{
+        http::{
+            header::{HeaderValue, CONTENT_LENGTH, CONTENT_TYPE},
+            StatusCode,
+        },
+        test::assert_body_eq,
+    };
 
     #[derive(Deserialize, Serialize, Debug, PartialEq)]
     struct Info {
@@ -520,15 +523,13 @@ mod tests {
             hello: "world".to_string(),
             counter: 123,
         });
-        let resp = form.respond_to(&req);
-        assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+        let res = form.respond_to(&req);
+        assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::OK);
         assert_eq!(
-            resp.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
+            res.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
             HeaderValue::from_static("application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
         );
-
-        use crate::responder::tests::BodyTest;
-        assert_eq!(resp.body().bin_ref(), b"hello=world&counter=123");
+        assert_body_eq!(res, b"hello=world&counter=123");
     }
 
     #[actix_rt::test]
diff --git a/src/types/json.rs b/src/types/json.rs
index 6d07fe45a..92f53deab 100644
--- a/src/types/json.rs
+++ b/src/types/json.rs
@@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ mod tests {
             header::{self, CONTENT_LENGTH, CONTENT_TYPE},
             StatusCode,
         },
-        test::{load_body, TestRequest},
+        test::{assert_body_eq, load_body, TestRequest},
     };
 
     #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, Debug)]
@@ -472,15 +472,13 @@ mod tests {
         let j = Json(MyObject {
             name: "test".to_string(),
         });
-        let resp = j.respond_to(&req);
-        assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+        let res = j.respond_to(&req);
+        assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::OK);
         assert_eq!(
-            resp.headers().get(header::CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
+            res.headers().get(header::CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
             header::HeaderValue::from_static("application/json")
         );
-
-        use crate::responder::tests::BodyTest;
-        assert_eq!(resp.body().bin_ref(), b"{\"name\":\"test\"}");
+        assert_body_eq!(res, b"{\"name\":\"test\"}");
     }
 
     #[actix_rt::test]
diff --git a/tests/test_server.rs b/tests/test_server.rs
index 3f0fbfccc..a850f228d 100644
--- a/tests/test_server.rs
+++ b/tests/test_server.rs
@@ -200,13 +200,10 @@ async fn test_body_encoding_override() {
                     .body(STR)
             })))
             .service(web::resource("/raw").route(web::to(|| {
-                let body = actix_web::dev::AnyBody::Bytes(STR.into());
                 let mut response =
-                    HttpResponse::with_body(actix_web::http::StatusCode::OK, body);
-
+                    HttpResponse::with_body(actix_web::http::StatusCode::OK, STR);
                 response.encoding(ContentEncoding::Deflate);
-
-                response
+                response.map_into_boxed_body()
             })))
     });