diff --git a/.cargo/config.toml b/.cargo/config.toml
deleted file mode 100644
index a2345e184..000000000
--- a/.cargo/config.toml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-[alias]
-lint = "clippy --workspace --all-targets -- -Dclippy::todo"
-lint-all = "clippy --workspace --all-features --all-targets -- -Dclippy::todo"
-
-# lib checking
-ci-check-min = "hack --workspace check --no-default-features"
-ci-check-default = "hack --workspace check"
-ci-check-default-tests = "check --workspace --tests"
-ci-check-all-feature-powerset="hack --workspace --feature-powerset --depth=4 --skip=__compress,experimental-io-uring check"
-ci-check-all-feature-powerset-linux="hack --workspace --feature-powerset --depth=4 --skip=__compress check"
diff --git a/.clippy.toml b/.clippy.toml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8c0cbc8bf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.clippy.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+disallowed-names = [
+    "e", # no single letter error bindings
+]
+disallowed-methods = [
+    "std::cell::RefCell::default()",
+    "std::rc::Rc::default()",
+]
diff --git a/.cspell.yml b/.cspell.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..95a3e2f90
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.cspell.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+version: "0.2"
+words:
+  - actix
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci-post-merge.yml b/.github/workflows/ci-post-merge.yml
index 1729d9a07..72cffbdc3 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci-post-merge.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci-post-merge.yml
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Install nasm
         if: matrix.target.os == 'windows-latest'
-        uses: ilammy/setup-nasm@v1.5.1
+        uses: ilammy/setup-nasm@v1.5.2
 
       - name: Install OpenSSL
         if: matrix.target.os == 'windows-latest'
@@ -44,20 +44,20 @@ jobs:
           echo "RUSTFLAGS=-C target-feature=+crt-static" >> $GITHUB_ENV
 
       - name: Install Rust (${{ matrix.version.name }})
-        uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1.9.0
+        uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1.11.0
         with:
           toolchain: ${{ matrix.version.version }}
 
       - name: Install just, cargo-hack, cargo-nextest, cargo-ci-cache-clean
-        uses: taiki-e/install-action@v2.38.0
+        uses: taiki-e/install-action@v2.49.50
         with:
           tool: just,cargo-hack,cargo-nextest,cargo-ci-cache-clean
 
       - name: check minimal
-        run: cargo ci-check-min
+        run: just check-min
 
       - name: check default
-        run: cargo ci-check-default
+        run: just check-default
 
       - name: tests
         timeout-minutes: 60
@@ -76,16 +76,16 @@ jobs:
       - name: Free Disk Space
         run: ./scripts/free-disk-space.sh
 
+      - name: Setup mold linker
+        uses: rui314/setup-mold@v1
+
       - name: Install Rust
-        uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1.9.0
+        uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1.11.0
 
-      - name: Install cargo-hack
-        uses: taiki-e/install-action@v2.38.0
+      - name: Install just, cargo-hack
+        uses: taiki-e/install-action@v2.49.50
         with:
-          tool: cargo-hack
+          tool: just,cargo-hack
 
-      - name: check feature combinations
-        run: cargo ci-check-all-feature-powerset
-
-      - name: check feature combinations
-        run: cargo ci-check-all-feature-powerset-linux
+      - name: Check feature combinations
+        run: just check-feature-combinations
diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 1b6f7b460..1c2ecdeea 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Install nasm
         if: matrix.target.os == 'windows-latest'
-        uses: ilammy/setup-nasm@v1.5.1
+        uses: ilammy/setup-nasm@v1.5.2
 
       - name: Install OpenSSL
         if: matrix.target.os == 'windows-latest'
@@ -59,12 +59,12 @@ jobs:
         uses: rui314/setup-mold@v1
 
       - name: Install Rust (${{ matrix.version.name }})
-        uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1.9.0
+        uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1.11.0
         with:
           toolchain: ${{ matrix.version.version }}
 
       - name: Install just, cargo-hack, cargo-nextest, cargo-ci-cache-clean
-        uses: taiki-e/install-action@v2.38.0
+        uses: taiki-e/install-action@v2.49.50
         with:
           tool: just,cargo-hack,cargo-nextest,cargo-ci-cache-clean
 
@@ -73,10 +73,10 @@ jobs:
         run: just downgrade-for-msrv
 
       - name: check minimal
-        run: cargo ci-check-min
+        run: just check-min
 
       - name: check default
-        run: cargo ci-check-default
+        run: just check-default
 
       - name: tests
         timeout-minutes: 60
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Install Rust
-        uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1.9.0
+        uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1.11.0
         with:
           toolchain: nightly
 
@@ -108,12 +108,12 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Install Rust (nightly)
-        uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1.9.0
+        uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1.11.0
         with:
           toolchain: nightly
 
       - name: Install just
-        uses: taiki-e/install-action@v2.38.0
+        uses: taiki-e/install-action@v2.49.50
         with:
           tool: just
 
diff --git a/.github/workflows/coverage.yml b/.github/workflows/coverage.yml
index ca3115713..2d2aa1c5e 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/coverage.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/coverage.yml
@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Install Rust (nightly)
-        uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1.9.0
+        uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1.11.0
         with:
           toolchain: nightly
           components: llvm-tools
 
       - name: Install just, cargo-llvm-cov, cargo-nextest
-        uses: taiki-e/install-action@v2.38.0
+        uses: taiki-e/install-action@v2.49.50
         with:
           tool: just,cargo-llvm-cov,cargo-nextest
 
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ jobs:
         run: just test-coverage-codecov
 
       - name: Upload coverage to Codecov
-        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v4.4.1
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v5.4.2
         with:
           files: codecov.json
           fail_ci_if_error: true
diff --git a/.github/workflows/lint.yml b/.github/workflows/lint.yml
index ca9d2bbeb..b1e34a57e 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/lint.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/lint.yml
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Install Rust (nightly)
-        uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1.9.0
+        uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1.11.0
         with:
           toolchain: nightly
           components: rustfmt
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Install Rust
-        uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1.9.0
+        uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1.11.0
         with:
           components: clippy
 
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Install Rust (nightly)
-        uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1.9.0
+        uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1.11.0
         with:
           toolchain: nightly
           components: rust-docs
@@ -66,51 +66,25 @@ jobs:
         run: cargo +nightly doc --no-deps --workspace --all-features
 
   check-external-types:
+    if: false # rustdoc mismatch currently
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
-      - name: Install Rust (nightly-2024-05-01)
-        uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1.9.0
+      - name: Install Rust (${{ vars.RUST_VERSION_EXTERNAL_TYPES }})
+        uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1.11.0
         with:
-          toolchain: nightly-2024-05-01
+          toolchain: ${{ vars.RUST_VERSION_EXTERNAL_TYPES }}
 
       - name: Install just
-        uses: taiki-e/install-action@v2.38.0
+        uses: taiki-e/install-action@v2.49.50
         with:
           tool: just
 
       - name: Install cargo-check-external-types
-        uses: taiki-e/cache-cargo-install-action@v1.2.2
+        uses: taiki-e/cache-cargo-install-action@v2.1.1
         with:
           tool: cargo-check-external-types
 
       - name: check external types
-        run: just check-external-types-all +nightly-2024-05-01
-
-  public-api-diff:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - name: Checkout main branch
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-        with:
-          ref: ${{ github.base_ref }}
-
-      - name: Checkout PR branch
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-
-      - name: Install Rust (nightly-2024-06-07)
-        uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1.9.0
-        with:
-          toolchain: nightly-2024-06-07
-
-      - name: Install cargo-public-api
-        uses: taiki-e/install-action@v2.38.0
-        with:
-          tool: cargo-public-api
-
-      - name: Generate API diff
-        run: |
-          for f in $(find -mindepth 2 -maxdepth 2 -name Cargo.toml); do
-            cargo public-api --manifest-path "$f" --simplified diff ${{ github.event.pull_request.base.sha }}..${{ github.sha }}
-          done
+        run: just check-external-types-all +${{ vars.RUST_VERSION_EXTERNAL_TYPES }}
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 48ccccb92..516ee9919 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-Cargo.lock
 target/
 guide/build/
 /gh-pages
diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..96cd56efb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -0,0 +1,3957 @@
+# This file is automatically @generated by Cargo.
+# It is not intended for manual editing.
+version = 3
+
+[[package]]
+name = "actix"
+version = "0.13.5"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "de7fa236829ba0841304542f7614c42b80fca007455315c45c785ccfa873a85b"
+dependencies = [
+ "actix-rt",
+ "bitflags 2.9.0",
+ "bytes",
+ "crossbeam-channel",
+ "futures-core",
+ "futures-sink",
+ "futures-task",
+ "futures-util",
+ "log",
+ "once_cell",
+ "parking_lot",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+ "smallvec",
+ "tokio",
+ "tokio-util",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "actix-codec"
+version = "0.5.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "5f7b0a21988c1bf877cf4759ef5ddaac04c1c9fe808c9142ecb78ba97d97a28a"
+dependencies = [
+ "bitflags 2.9.0",
+ "bytes",
+ "futures-core",
+ "futures-sink",
+ "memchr",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+ "tokio",
+ "tokio-util",
+ "tracing",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "actix-files"
+version = "0.6.6"
+dependencies = [
+ "actix-http",
+ "actix-rt",
+ "actix-server",
+ "actix-service",
+ "actix-test",
+ "actix-utils",
+ "actix-web",
+ "bitflags 2.9.0",
+ "bytes",
+ "derive_more",
+ "env_logger",
+ "futures-core",
+ "http-range",
+ "log",
+ "mime",
+ "mime_guess",
+ "percent-encoding",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+ "tempfile",
+ "tokio-uring",
+ "v_htmlescape",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "actix-http"
+version = "3.10.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "actix-codec",
+ "actix-http-test",
+ "actix-rt",
+ "actix-server",
+ "actix-service",
+ "actix-tls",
+ "actix-utils",
+ "actix-web",
+ "async-stream",
+ "base64 0.22.1",
+ "bitflags 2.9.0",
+ "brotli",
+ "bytes",
+ "bytestring",
+ "criterion",
+ "derive_more",
+ "divan",
+ "encoding_rs",
+ "env_logger",
+ "flate2",
+ "foldhash",
+ "futures-core",
+ "futures-util",
+ "h2",
+ "http 0.2.12",
+ "httparse",
+ "httpdate",
+ "itoa",
+ "language-tags",
+ "local-channel",
+ "memchr",
+ "mime",
+ "once_cell",
+ "openssl",
+ "percent-encoding",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+ "rand 0.9.1",
+ "rcgen",
+ "regex",
+ "rustls 0.23.25",
+ "rustls-pemfile",
+ "rustversion",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_json",
+ "sha1",
+ "smallvec",
+ "static_assertions",
+ "tokio",
+ "tokio-util",
+ "tracing",
+ "zstd",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "actix-http-test"
+version = "3.2.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "actix-codec",
+ "actix-http",
+ "actix-rt",
+ "actix-server",
+ "actix-service",
+ "actix-tls",
+ "actix-utils",
+ "awc",
+ "bytes",
+ "futures-core",
+ "http 0.2.12",
+ "log",
+ "openssl",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_json",
+ "serde_urlencoded",
+ "slab",
+ "socket2 0.5.9",
+ "tokio",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "actix-macros"
+version = "0.2.4"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "e01ed3140b2f8d422c68afa1ed2e85d996ea619c988ac834d255db32138655cb"
+dependencies = [
+ "quote",
+ "syn",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "actix-multipart"
+version = "0.7.2"
+dependencies = [
+ "actix-http",
+ "actix-multipart-derive",
+ "actix-multipart-rfc7578",
+ "actix-rt",
+ "actix-test",
+ "actix-utils",
+ "actix-web",
+ "assert_matches",
+ "awc",
+ "derive_more",
+ "env_logger",
+ "futures-core",
+ "futures-test",
+ "futures-util",
+ "httparse",
+ "local-waker",
+ "log",
+ "memchr",
+ "mime",
+ "multer",
+ "rand 0.9.1",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_json",
+ "serde_plain",
+ "tempfile",
+ "tokio",
+ "tokio-stream",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "actix-multipart-derive"
+version = "0.7.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "actix-multipart",
+ "actix-web",
+ "bytesize",
+ "darling",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "rustversion-msrv",
+ "syn",
+ "trybuild",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "actix-multipart-rfc7578"
+version = "0.11.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "af5e8f1e4c6baf42b8b78f3b2a85df02b54f10f5fdf54bf1f9b40211c130e427"
+dependencies = [
+ "actix-http",
+ "bytes",
+ "common-multipart-rfc7578",
+ "futures-core",
+ "thiserror",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "actix-router"
+version = "0.5.3"
+dependencies = [
+ "bytestring",
+ "cfg-if",
+ "criterion",
+ "http 0.2.12",
+ "percent-encoding",
+ "regex",
+ "regex-lite",
+ "serde",
+ "tracing",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "actix-rt"
+version = "2.10.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "24eda4e2a6e042aa4e55ac438a2ae052d3b5da0ecf83d7411e1a368946925208"
+dependencies = [
+ "actix-macros",
+ "futures-core",
+ "tokio",
+ "tokio-uring",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "actix-server"
+version = "2.5.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "6398974fd4284f4768af07965701efbbb5fdc0616bff20cade1bb14b77675e24"
+dependencies = [
+ "actix-rt",
+ "actix-service",
+ "actix-utils",
+ "futures-core",
+ "futures-util",
+ "mio",
+ "socket2 0.5.9",
+ "tokio",
+ "tokio-uring",
+ "tracing",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "actix-service"
+version = "2.0.3"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "9e46f36bf0e5af44bdc4bdb36fbbd421aa98c79a9bce724e1edeb3894e10dc7f"
+dependencies = [
+ "futures-core",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "actix-test"
+version = "0.1.5"
+dependencies = [
+ "actix-codec",
+ "actix-http",
+ "actix-http-test",
+ "actix-rt",
+ "actix-service",
+ "actix-utils",
+ "actix-web",
+ "awc",
+ "futures-core",
+ "futures-util",
+ "log",
+ "openssl",
+ "rustls 0.20.9",
+ "rustls 0.21.12",
+ "rustls 0.22.4",
+ "rustls 0.23.25",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_json",
+ "serde_urlencoded",
+ "tokio",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "actix-tls"
+version = "3.4.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "ac453898d866cdbecdbc2334fe1738c747b4eba14a677261f2b768ba05329389"
+dependencies = [
+ "actix-rt",
+ "actix-service",
+ "actix-utils",
+ "futures-core",
+ "http 0.2.12",
+ "http 1.3.1",
+ "impl-more",
+ "openssl",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+ "rustls-native-certs",
+ "rustls-pki-types",
+ "tokio",
+ "tokio-openssl",
+ "tokio-rustls 0.23.4",
+ "tokio-rustls 0.24.1",
+ "tokio-rustls 0.25.0",
+ "tokio-rustls 0.26.2",
+ "tokio-util",
+ "tracing",
+ "webpki-roots 0.22.6",
+ "webpki-roots 0.25.4",
+ "webpki-roots 0.26.8",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "actix-utils"
+version = "3.0.1"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "88a1dcdff1466e3c2488e1cb5c36a71822750ad43839937f85d2f4d9f8b705d8"
+dependencies = [
+ "local-waker",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "actix-web"
+version = "4.10.2"
+dependencies = [
+ "actix-codec",
+ "actix-files",
+ "actix-http",
+ "actix-macros",
+ "actix-router",
+ "actix-rt",
+ "actix-server",
+ "actix-service",
+ "actix-test",
+ "actix-tls",
+ "actix-utils",
+ "actix-web-codegen",
+ "awc",
+ "brotli",
+ "bytes",
+ "bytestring",
+ "cfg-if",
+ "const-str",
+ "cookie",
+ "core_affinity",
+ "criterion",
+ "derive_more",
+ "encoding_rs",
+ "env_logger",
+ "flate2",
+ "foldhash",
+ "futures-core",
+ "futures-util",
+ "impl-more",
+ "itoa",
+ "language-tags",
+ "log",
+ "mime",
+ "once_cell",
+ "openssl",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+ "rand 0.9.1",
+ "rcgen",
+ "regex",
+ "regex-lite",
+ "rustls 0.23.25",
+ "rustls-pemfile",
+ "serde",
+ "serde_json",
+ "serde_urlencoded",
+ "smallvec",
+ "socket2 0.5.9",
+ "static_assertions",
+ "time",
+ "tokio",
+ "tracing",
+ "url",
+ "zstd",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "actix-web-actors"
+version = "4.3.1+deprecated"
+dependencies = [
+ "actix",
+ "actix-codec",
+ "actix-http",
+ "actix-rt",
+ "actix-test",
+ "actix-web",
+ "awc",
+ "bytes",
+ "bytestring",
+ "env_logger",
+ "futures-core",
+ "futures-util",
+ "mime",
+ "pin-project-lite",
+ "tokio",
+ "tokio-util",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "actix-web-codegen"
+version = "4.3.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "actix-macros",
+ "actix-router",
+ "actix-rt",
+ "actix-test",
+ "actix-utils",
+ "actix-web",
+ "futures-core",
+ "proc-macro2",
+ "quote",
+ "rustversion-msrv",
+ "syn",
+ "trybuild",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "addr2line"
+version = "0.24.2"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "dfbe277e56a376000877090da837660b4427aad530e3028d44e0bffe4f89a1c1"
+dependencies = [
+ "gimli",
+]
+
+[[package]]
+name = "adler2"
+version = "2.0.0"
+source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
+checksum = "512761e0bb2578dd7380c6baaa0f4ce03e84f95e960231d1dec8bf4d7d6e2627"
+
+[[package]]
+name = "aead"
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diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 19d5dd116..d5601f8f1 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ homepage = "https://actix.rs"
 repository = "https://github.com/actix/actix-web"
 license = "MIT OR Apache-2.0"
 edition = "2021"
-rust-version = "1.72"
+rust-version = "1.75"
 
 [profile.dev]
 # Disabling debug info speeds up builds a bunch and we don't rely on it for debugging that much.
@@ -51,3 +51,11 @@ awc = { path = "awc" }
 # actix-utils = { path = "../actix-net/actix-utils" }
 # actix-tls = { path = "../actix-net/actix-tls" }
 # actix-server = { path = "../actix-net/actix-server" }
+
+[workspace.lints.rust]
+rust_2018_idioms = { level = "deny" }
+future_incompatible = { level = "deny" }
+nonstandard_style = { level = "deny" }
+
+[workspace.lints.clippy]
+# clone_on_ref_ptr = { level = "deny" }
diff --git a/actix-files/CHANGES.md b/actix-files/CHANGES.md
index e94f43907..afb2d5d20 100644
--- a/actix-files/CHANGES.md
+++ b/actix-files/CHANGES.md
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 
 ## Unreleased
 
+- Minimum supported Rust version (MSRV) is now 1.75.
+
 ## 0.6.6
 
 - Update `tokio-uring` dependency to `0.4`.
diff --git a/actix-files/Cargo.toml b/actix-files/Cargo.toml
index 57cd4e913..b2bef2aa6 100644
--- a/actix-files/Cargo.toml
+++ b/actix-files/Cargo.toml
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ actix-web = { version = "4", default-features = false }
 
 bitflags = "2"
 bytes = "1"
-derive_more = "0.99.5"
+derive_more = { version = "2", features = ["display", "error", "from"] }
 futures-core = { version = "0.3.17", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
 http-range = "0.1.4"
 log = "0.4"
@@ -54,3 +54,6 @@ actix-test = "0.1"
 actix-web = "4"
 env_logger = "0.11"
 tempfile = "3.2"
+
+[lints]
+workspace = true
diff --git a/actix-files/src/error.rs b/actix-files/src/error.rs
index d614651fc..e762116e6 100644
--- a/actix-files/src/error.rs
+++ b/actix-files/src/error.rs
@@ -6,11 +6,11 @@ use derive_more::Display;
 pub enum FilesError {
     /// Path is not a directory.
     #[allow(dead_code)]
-    #[display(fmt = "path is not a directory. Unable to serve static files")]
+    #[display("path is not a directory. Unable to serve static files")]
     IsNotDirectory,
 
     /// Cannot render directory.
-    #[display(fmt = "unable to render directory without index file")]
+    #[display("unable to render directory without index file")]
     IsDirectory,
 }
 
@@ -25,19 +25,19 @@ impl ResponseError for FilesError {
 #[non_exhaustive]
 pub enum UriSegmentError {
     /// Segment started with the wrapped invalid character.
-    #[display(fmt = "segment started with invalid character: ('{_0}')")]
+    #[display("segment started with invalid character: ('{_0}')")]
     BadStart(char),
 
     /// Segment contained the wrapped invalid character.
-    #[display(fmt = "segment contained invalid character ('{_0}')")]
+    #[display("segment contained invalid character ('{_0}')")]
     BadChar(char),
 
     /// Segment ended with the wrapped invalid character.
-    #[display(fmt = "segment ended with invalid character: ('{_0}')")]
+    #[display("segment ended with invalid character: ('{_0}')")]
     BadEnd(char),
 
     /// Path is not a valid UTF-8 string after percent-decoding.
-    #[display(fmt = "path is not a valid UTF-8 string after percent-decoding")]
+    #[display("path is not a valid UTF-8 string after percent-decoding")]
     NotValidUtf8,
 }
 
diff --git a/actix-files/src/lib.rs b/actix-files/src/lib.rs
index 167f996c0..551a14fa4 100644
--- a/actix-files/src/lib.rs
+++ b/actix-files/src/lib.rs
@@ -11,8 +11,7 @@
 //!     .service(Files::new("/static", ".").prefer_utf8(true));
 //! ```
 
-#![deny(rust_2018_idioms, nonstandard_style)]
-#![warn(future_incompatible, missing_docs, missing_debug_implementations)]
+#![warn(missing_docs, missing_debug_implementations)]
 #![doc(html_logo_url = "https://actix.rs/img/logo.png")]
 #![doc(html_favicon_url = "https://actix.rs/favicon.ico")]
 #![cfg_attr(docsrs, feature(doc_auto_cfg))]
@@ -307,11 +306,11 @@ mod tests {
         let resp = file.respond_to(&req);
         assert_eq!(
             resp.headers().get(header::CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
-            "application/javascript; charset=utf-8"
+            "text/javascript",
         );
         assert_eq!(
             resp.headers().get(header::CONTENT_DISPOSITION).unwrap(),
-            "inline; filename=\"test.js\""
+            "inline; filename=\"test.js\"",
         );
     }
 
diff --git a/actix-files/src/service.rs b/actix-files/src/service.rs
index 3d3b36c40..393ad9244 100644
--- a/actix-files/src/service.rs
+++ b/actix-files/src/service.rs
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ impl FilesService {
 
         let (req, _) = req.into_parts();
 
-        (self.renderer)(&dir, &req).unwrap_or_else(|e| ServiceResponse::from_err(e, req))
+        (self.renderer)(&dir, &req).unwrap_or_else(|err| ServiceResponse::from_err(err, req))
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/actix-http-test/Cargo.toml b/actix-http-test/Cargo.toml
index 0947579a5..7ccb70a45 100644
--- a/actix-http-test/Cargo.toml
+++ b/actix-http-test/Cargo.toml
@@ -59,3 +59,6 @@ tokio = { version = "1.24.2", features = ["sync"] }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 actix-http = "3"
+
+[lints]
+workspace = true
diff --git a/actix-http-test/src/lib.rs b/actix-http-test/src/lib.rs
index 554af9102..a359cec09 100644
--- a/actix-http-test/src/lib.rs
+++ b/actix-http-test/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 //! Various helpers for Actix applications to use during testing.
 
-#![deny(rust_2018_idioms, nonstandard_style)]
-#![warn(future_incompatible)]
 #![doc(html_logo_url = "https://actix.rs/img/logo.png")]
 #![doc(html_favicon_url = "https://actix.rs/favicon.ico")]
 #![cfg_attr(docsrs, feature(doc_auto_cfg))]
@@ -108,7 +106,7 @@ pub async fn test_server_with_addr<F: ServerServiceFactory<TcpStream>>(
             builder.set_verify(SslVerifyMode::NONE);
             let _ = builder
                 .set_alpn_protos(b"\x02h2\x08http/1.1")
-                .map_err(|e| log::error!("Can not set alpn protocol: {:?}", e));
+                .map_err(|err| log::error!("Can not set ALPN protocol: {err}"));
 
             Connector::new()
                 .conn_lifetime(Duration::from_secs(0))
diff --git a/actix-http/CHANGES.md b/actix-http/CHANGES.md
index 85ba03100..7324cba5a 100644
--- a/actix-http/CHANGES.md
+++ b/actix-http/CHANGES.md
@@ -2,6 +2,28 @@
 
 ## Unreleased
 
+## 3.10.0
+
+### Added
+
+- Add `header::CLEAR_SITE_DATA` constant.
+- Add `Extensions::get_or_insert[_with]()` methods.
+- Implement `From<Bytes>` for `Payload`.
+- Implement `From<Vec<u8>>` for `Payload`.
+
+### Changed
+
+- Update `brotli` dependency to `7`.
+- Minimum supported Rust version (MSRV) is now 1.75.
+
+## 3.9.0
+
+### Added
+
+- Implement `FromIterator<(HeaderName, HeaderValue)>` for `HeaderMap`.
+
+## 3.8.0
+
 ### Added
 
 - Add `error::InvalidStatusCode` re-export.
diff --git a/actix-http/Cargo.toml b/actix-http/Cargo.toml
index 4dc0f0bd8..0e5c4b234 100644
--- a/actix-http/Cargo.toml
+++ b/actix-http/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "actix-http"
-version = "3.7.0"
+version = "3.10.0"
 authors = [
     "Nikolay Kim <fafhrd91@gmail.com>",
     "Rob Ede <robjtede@icloud.com>",
@@ -59,55 +59,59 @@ allowed_external_types = [
 default = []
 
 # HTTP/2 protocol support
-http2 = ["h2"]
+http2 = ["dep:h2"]
 
 # WebSocket protocol implementation
 ws = [
-    "local-channel",
-    "base64",
-    "rand",
-    "sha1",
+    "dep:local-channel",
+    "dep:base64",
+    "dep:rand",
+    "dep:sha1",
 ]
 
 # TLS via OpenSSL
-openssl = ["actix-tls/accept", "actix-tls/openssl"]
+openssl = ["__tls", "actix-tls/accept", "actix-tls/openssl"]
 
 # TLS via Rustls v0.20
-rustls = ["rustls-0_20"]
+rustls = ["__tls", "rustls-0_20"]
 
 # TLS via Rustls v0.20
-rustls-0_20 = ["actix-tls/accept", "actix-tls/rustls-0_20"]
+rustls-0_20 = ["__tls", "actix-tls/accept", "actix-tls/rustls-0_20"]
 
 # TLS via Rustls v0.21
-rustls-0_21 = ["actix-tls/accept", "actix-tls/rustls-0_21"]
+rustls-0_21 = ["__tls", "actix-tls/accept", "actix-tls/rustls-0_21"]
 
 # TLS via Rustls v0.22
-rustls-0_22 = ["actix-tls/accept", "actix-tls/rustls-0_22"]
+rustls-0_22 = ["__tls", "actix-tls/accept", "actix-tls/rustls-0_22"]
 
 # TLS via Rustls v0.23
-rustls-0_23 = ["actix-tls/accept", "actix-tls/rustls-0_23"]
+rustls-0_23 = ["__tls", "actix-tls/accept", "actix-tls/rustls-0_23"]
 
 # Compression codecs
-compress-brotli = ["__compress", "brotli"]
-compress-gzip   = ["__compress", "flate2"]
-compress-zstd   = ["__compress", "zstd"]
+compress-brotli = ["__compress", "dep:brotli"]
+compress-gzip   = ["__compress", "dep:flate2"]
+compress-zstd   = ["__compress", "dep:zstd"]
 
 # Internal (PRIVATE!) features used to aid testing and checking feature status.
 # Don't rely on these whatsoever. They are semver-exempt and may disappear at anytime.
 __compress = []
 
+# Internal (PRIVATE!) features used to aid checking feature status.
+# Don't rely on these whatsoever. They may disappear at anytime.
+__tls = []
+
 [dependencies]
 actix-service = "2"
 actix-codec = "0.5"
 actix-utils = "3"
 actix-rt = { version = "2.2", default-features = false }
 
-ahash = "0.8"
 bitflags = "2"
 bytes = "1"
 bytestring = "1"
-derive_more = "0.99.5"
+derive_more = { version = "2", features = ["as_ref", "deref", "deref_mut", "display", "error", "from"] }
 encoding_rs = "0.8"
+foldhash = "0.1"
 futures-core = { version = "0.3.17", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
 http = "0.2.7"
 httparse = "1.5.1"
@@ -128,14 +132,14 @@ h2 = { version = "0.3.26", optional = true }
 # websockets
 local-channel = { version = "0.1", optional = true }
 base64 = { version = "0.22", optional = true }
-rand = { version = "0.8", optional = true }
+rand = { version = "0.9", optional = true }
 sha1 = { version = "0.10", optional = true }
 
 # openssl/rustls
 actix-tls = { version = "3.4", default-features = false, optional = true }
 
 # compress-*
-brotli = { version = "6", optional = true }
+brotli = { version = "7", optional = true }
 flate2 = { version = "1.0.13", optional = true }
 zstd = { version = "0.13", optional = true }
 
@@ -151,18 +155,21 @@ divan = "0.1.8"
 env_logger = "0.11"
 futures-util = { version = "0.3.17", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
 memchr = "2.4"
-once_cell = "1.9"
+once_cell = "1.21"
 rcgen = "0.13"
 regex = "1.3"
 rustversion = "1"
 rustls-pemfile = "2"
-serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
+serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
 serde_json = "1.0"
 static_assertions = "1"
 tls-openssl = { package = "openssl", version = "0.10.55" }
 tls-rustls_023 = { package = "rustls", version = "0.23" }
 tokio = { version = "1.24.2", features = ["net", "rt", "macros"] }
 
+[lints]
+workspace = true
+
 [[example]]
 name = "ws"
 required-features = ["ws", "rustls-0_23"]
diff --git a/actix-http/README.md b/actix-http/README.md
index 0ba3fdcac..1e81cf33c 100644
--- a/actix-http/README.md
+++ b/actix-http/README.md
@@ -5,11 +5,11 @@
 <!-- prettier-ignore-start -->
 
 [![crates.io](https://img.shields.io/crates/v/actix-http?label=latest)](https://crates.io/crates/actix-http)
-[![Documentation](https://docs.rs/actix-http/badge.svg?version=3.7.0)](https://docs.rs/actix-http/3.7.0)
+[![Documentation](https://docs.rs/actix-http/badge.svg?version=3.10.0)](https://docs.rs/actix-http/3.10.0)
 ![Version](https://img.shields.io/badge/rustc-1.72+-ab6000.svg)
 ![MIT or Apache 2.0 licensed](https://img.shields.io/crates/l/actix-http.svg)
 <br />
-[![dependency status](https://deps.rs/crate/actix-http/3.7.0/status.svg)](https://deps.rs/crate/actix-http/3.7.0)
+[![dependency status](https://deps.rs/crate/actix-http/3.10.0/status.svg)](https://deps.rs/crate/actix-http/3.10.0)
 [![Download](https://img.shields.io/crates/d/actix-http.svg)](https://crates.io/crates/actix-http)
 [![Chat on Discord](https://img.shields.io/discord/771444961383153695?label=chat&logo=discord)](https://discord.gg/NWpN5mmg3x)
 
diff --git a/actix-http/examples/actix-web.rs b/actix-http/examples/actix-web.rs
index 449e5899b..e07abfd97 100644
--- a/actix-http/examples/actix-web.rs
+++ b/actix-http/examples/actix-web.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 use actix_http::HttpService;
 use actix_server::Server;
 use actix_service::map_config;
-use actix_web::{dev::AppConfig, get, App};
+use actix_web::{dev::AppConfig, get, App, Responder};
 
 #[get("/")]
-async fn index() -> &'static str {
+async fn index() -> impl Responder {
     "Hello, world. From Actix Web!"
 }
 
diff --git a/actix-http/examples/echo.rs b/actix-http/examples/echo.rs
index ae6f00cce..11fd2750e 100644
--- a/actix-http/examples/echo.rs
+++ b/actix-http/examples/echo.rs
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ async fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
                         body.extend_from_slice(&item?);
                     }
 
-                    info!("request body: {:?}", body);
+                    info!("request body: {body:?}");
 
                     let res = Response::build(StatusCode::OK)
                         .insert_header(("x-head", HeaderValue::from_static("dummy value!")))
@@ -31,8 +31,7 @@ async fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
 
                     Ok::<_, Error>(res)
                 })
-                // No TLS
-                .tcp()
+                .tcp() // No TLS
         })?
         .run()
         .await
diff --git a/actix-http/examples/hello-world.rs b/actix-http/examples/hello-world.rs
index cf10beddf..afa3883a4 100644
--- a/actix-http/examples/hello-world.rs
+++ b/actix-http/examples/hello-world.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ async fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
                     ext.insert(42u32);
                 })
                 .finish(|req: Request| async move {
-                    info!("{:?}", req);
+                    info!("{req:?}");
 
                     let mut res = Response::build(StatusCode::OK);
                     res.insert_header(("x-head", HeaderValue::from_static("dummy value!")));
diff --git a/actix-http/examples/streaming-error.rs b/actix-http/examples/streaming-error.rs
index 8c8a249cb..39f214fa1 100644
--- a/actix-http/examples/streaming-error.rs
+++ b/actix-http/examples/streaming-error.rs
@@ -22,16 +22,16 @@ async fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
         .bind("streaming-error", ("127.0.0.1", 8080), || {
             HttpService::build()
                 .finish(|req| async move {
-                    info!("{:?}", req);
+                    info!("{req:?}");
                     let res = Response::ok();
 
                     Ok::<_, Infallible>(res.set_body(BodyStream::new(stream! {
                         yield Ok(Bytes::from("123"));
                         yield Ok(Bytes::from("456"));
 
-                        actix_rt::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(1000)).await;
+                        actix_rt::time::sleep(Duration::from_secs(1)).await;
 
-                        yield Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Other, ""));
+                        yield Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Other, "abc"));
                     })))
                 })
                 .tcp()
diff --git a/actix-http/examples/ws.rs b/actix-http/examples/ws.rs
index fb86bc5ea..af83e4c3d 100644
--- a/actix-http/examples/ws.rs
+++ b/actix-http/examples/ws.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ use bytes::{Bytes, BytesMut};
 use bytestring::ByteString;
 use futures_core::{ready, Stream};
 use tokio_util::codec::Encoder;
-use tracing::{info, trace};
 
 #[actix_rt::main]
 async fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
@@ -37,12 +36,12 @@ async fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
 }
 
 async fn handler(req: Request) -> Result<Response<BodyStream<Heartbeat>>, Error> {
-    info!("handshaking");
+    tracing::info!("handshaking");
     let mut res = ws::handshake(req.head())?;
 
     // handshake will always fail under HTTP/2
 
-    info!("responding");
+    tracing::info!("responding");
     res.message_body(BodyStream::new(Heartbeat::new(ws::Codec::new())))
 }
 
@@ -64,7 +63,7 @@ impl Stream for Heartbeat {
     type Item = Result<Bytes, Error>;
 
     fn poll_next(mut self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Option<Self::Item>> {
-        trace!("poll");
+        tracing::trace!("poll");
 
         ready!(self.as_mut().interval.poll_tick(cx));
 
diff --git a/actix-http/src/body/body_stream.rs b/actix-http/src/body/body_stream.rs
index 4574b2519..657ffe9c8 100644
--- a/actix-http/src/body/body_stream.rs
+++ b/actix-http/src/body/body_stream.rs
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(to_bytes(body).await.ok(), Some(Bytes::from("12")));
     }
     #[derive(Debug, Display, Error)]
-    #[display(fmt = "stream error")]
+    #[display("stream error")]
     struct StreamErr;
 
     #[actix_rt::test]
diff --git a/actix-http/src/body/utils.rs b/actix-http/src/body/utils.rs
index d1449179f..b8bfa96cf 100644
--- a/actix-http/src/body/utils.rs
+++ b/actix-http/src/body/utils.rs
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ pub async fn to_bytes<B: MessageBody>(body: B) -> Result<Bytes, B::Error> {
 
 /// Error type returned from [`to_bytes_limited`] when body produced exceeds limit.
 #[derive(Debug, Display, Error)]
-#[display(fmt = "limit exceeded while collecting body bytes")]
+#[display("limit exceeded while collecting body bytes")]
 #[non_exhaustive]
 pub struct BodyLimitExceeded;
 
diff --git a/actix-http/src/encoding/encoder.rs b/actix-http/src/encoding/encoder.rs
index 180927ac6..735dca679 100644
--- a/actix-http/src/encoding/encoder.rs
+++ b/actix-http/src/encoding/encoder.rs
@@ -415,11 +415,11 @@ fn new_brotli_compressor() -> Box<brotli::CompressorWriter<Writer>> {
 #[non_exhaustive]
 pub enum EncoderError {
     /// Wrapped body stream error.
-    #[display(fmt = "body")]
+    #[display("body")]
     Body(Box<dyn StdError>),
 
     /// Generic I/O error.
-    #[display(fmt = "io")]
+    #[display("io")]
     Io(io::Error),
 }
 
diff --git a/actix-http/src/error.rs b/actix-http/src/error.rs
index 6f332118e..8ef2698a2 100644
--- a/actix-http/src/error.rs
+++ b/actix-http/src/error.rs
@@ -80,28 +80,28 @@ impl From<Error> for Response<BoxBody> {
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Display)]
 pub(crate) enum Kind {
-    #[display(fmt = "error processing HTTP")]
+    #[display("error processing HTTP")]
     Http,
 
-    #[display(fmt = "error parsing HTTP message")]
+    #[display("error parsing HTTP message")]
     Parse,
 
-    #[display(fmt = "request payload read error")]
+    #[display("request payload read error")]
     Payload,
 
-    #[display(fmt = "response body write error")]
+    #[display("response body write error")]
     Body,
 
-    #[display(fmt = "send response error")]
+    #[display("send response error")]
     SendResponse,
 
-    #[display(fmt = "error in WebSocket process")]
+    #[display("error in WebSocket process")]
     Ws,
 
-    #[display(fmt = "connection error")]
+    #[display("connection error")]
     Io,
 
-    #[display(fmt = "encoder error")]
+    #[display("encoder error")]
     Encoder,
 }
 
@@ -160,44 +160,44 @@ impl From<crate::ws::ProtocolError> for Error {
 #[non_exhaustive]
 pub enum ParseError {
     /// An invalid `Method`, such as `GE.T`.
-    #[display(fmt = "invalid method specified")]
+    #[display("invalid method specified")]
     Method,
 
     /// An invalid `Uri`, such as `exam ple.domain`.
-    #[display(fmt = "URI error: {}", _0)]
+    #[display("URI error: {}", _0)]
     Uri(InvalidUri),
 
     /// An invalid `HttpVersion`, such as `HTP/1.1`
-    #[display(fmt = "invalid HTTP version specified")]
+    #[display("invalid HTTP version specified")]
     Version,
 
     /// An invalid `Header`.
-    #[display(fmt = "invalid Header provided")]
+    #[display("invalid Header provided")]
     Header,
 
     /// A message head is too large to be reasonable.
-    #[display(fmt = "message head is too large")]
+    #[display("message head is too large")]
     TooLarge,
 
     /// A message reached EOF, but is not complete.
-    #[display(fmt = "message is incomplete")]
+    #[display("message is incomplete")]
     Incomplete,
 
     /// An invalid `Status`, such as `1337 ELITE`.
-    #[display(fmt = "invalid status provided")]
+    #[display("invalid status provided")]
     Status,
 
     /// A timeout occurred waiting for an IO event.
     #[allow(dead_code)]
-    #[display(fmt = "timeout")]
+    #[display("timeout")]
     Timeout,
 
     /// An I/O error that occurred while trying to read or write to a network stream.
-    #[display(fmt = "I/O error: {}", _0)]
+    #[display("I/O error: {}", _0)]
     Io(io::Error),
 
     /// Parsing a field as string failed.
-    #[display(fmt = "UTF-8 error: {}", _0)]
+    #[display("UTF-8 error: {}", _0)]
     Utf8(Utf8Error),
 }
 
@@ -256,28 +256,28 @@ impl From<ParseError> for Response<BoxBody> {
 #[non_exhaustive]
 pub enum PayloadError {
     /// A payload reached EOF, but is not complete.
-    #[display(fmt = "payload reached EOF before completing: {:?}", _0)]
+    #[display("payload reached EOF before completing: {:?}", _0)]
     Incomplete(Option<io::Error>),
 
     /// Content encoding stream corruption.
-    #[display(fmt = "can not decode content-encoding")]
+    #[display("can not decode content-encoding")]
     EncodingCorrupted,
 
     /// Payload reached size limit.
-    #[display(fmt = "payload reached size limit")]
+    #[display("payload reached size limit")]
     Overflow,
 
     /// Payload length is unknown.
-    #[display(fmt = "payload length is unknown")]
+    #[display("payload length is unknown")]
     UnknownLength,
 
     /// HTTP/2 payload error.
     #[cfg(feature = "http2")]
-    #[display(fmt = "{}", _0)]
+    #[display("{}", _0)]
     Http2Payload(::h2::Error),
 
     /// Generic I/O error.
-    #[display(fmt = "{}", _0)]
+    #[display("{}", _0)]
     Io(io::Error),
 }
 
@@ -326,44 +326,44 @@ impl From<PayloadError> for Error {
 #[non_exhaustive]
 pub enum DispatchError {
     /// Service error.
-    #[display(fmt = "service error")]
+    #[display("service error")]
     Service(Response<BoxBody>),
 
     /// Body streaming error.
-    #[display(fmt = "body error: {}", _0)]
+    #[display("body error: {}", _0)]
     Body(Box<dyn StdError>),
 
     /// Upgrade service error.
-    #[display(fmt = "upgrade error")]
+    #[display("upgrade error")]
     Upgrade,
 
     /// An `io::Error` that occurred while trying to read or write to a network stream.
-    #[display(fmt = "I/O error: {}", _0)]
+    #[display("I/O error: {}", _0)]
     Io(io::Error),
 
     /// Request parse error.
-    #[display(fmt = "request parse error: {}", _0)]
+    #[display("request parse error: {}", _0)]
     Parse(ParseError),
 
     /// HTTP/2 error.
-    #[display(fmt = "{}", _0)]
+    #[display("{}", _0)]
     #[cfg(feature = "http2")]
     H2(h2::Error),
 
     /// The first request did not complete within the specified timeout.
-    #[display(fmt = "request did not complete within the specified timeout")]
+    #[display("request did not complete within the specified timeout")]
     SlowRequestTimeout,
 
     /// Disconnect timeout. Makes sense for TLS streams.
-    #[display(fmt = "connection shutdown timeout")]
+    #[display("connection shutdown timeout")]
     DisconnectTimeout,
 
     /// Handler dropped payload before reading EOF.
-    #[display(fmt = "handler dropped payload before reading EOF")]
+    #[display("handler dropped payload before reading EOF")]
     HandlerDroppedPayload,
 
     /// Internal error.
-    #[display(fmt = "internal error")]
+    #[display("internal error")]
     InternalError,
 }
 
@@ -389,11 +389,11 @@ impl StdError for DispatchError {
 #[non_exhaustive]
 pub enum ContentTypeError {
     /// Can not parse content type.
-    #[display(fmt = "could not parse content type")]
+    #[display("could not parse content type")]
     ParseError,
 
     /// Unknown content encoding.
-    #[display(fmt = "unknown content encoding")]
+    #[display("unknown content encoding")]
     UnknownEncoding,
 }
 
diff --git a/actix-http/src/extensions.rs b/actix-http/src/extensions.rs
index f2047a9ce..9c85caf37 100644
--- a/actix-http/src/extensions.rs
+++ b/actix-http/src/extensions.rs
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ impl Hasher for NoOpHasher {
 /// All entries into this map must be owned types (or static references).
 #[derive(Default)]
 pub struct Extensions {
-    /// Use AHasher with a std HashMap with for faster lookups on the small `TypeId` keys.
+    // use no-op hasher with a std HashMap with for faster lookups on the small `TypeId` keys
     map: HashMap<TypeId, Box<dyn Any>, BuildHasherDefault<NoOpHasher>>,
 }
 
@@ -104,6 +104,46 @@ impl Extensions {
             .and_then(|boxed| boxed.downcast_mut())
     }
 
+    /// Inserts the given `value` into the extensions if it is not present, then returns a reference
+    /// to the value in the extensions.
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// # use actix_http::Extensions;
+    /// let mut map = Extensions::new();
+    /// assert_eq!(map.get::<Vec<u32>>(), None);
+    ///
+    /// map.get_or_insert(Vec::<u32>::new()).push(1);
+    /// assert_eq!(map.get::<Vec<u32>>(), Some(&vec![1]));
+    ///
+    /// map.get_or_insert(Vec::<u32>::new()).push(2);
+    /// assert_eq!(map.get::<Vec<u32>>(), Some(&vec![1,2]));
+    /// ```
+    pub fn get_or_insert<T: 'static>(&mut self, value: T) -> &mut T {
+        self.get_or_insert_with(|| value)
+    }
+
+    /// Inserts a value computed from `f` into the extensions if the given `value` is not present,
+    /// then returns a reference to the value in the extensions.
+    ///
+    /// ```
+    /// # use actix_http::Extensions;
+    /// let mut map = Extensions::new();
+    /// assert_eq!(map.get::<Vec<u32>>(), None);
+    ///
+    /// map.get_or_insert_with(Vec::<u32>::new).push(1);
+    /// assert_eq!(map.get::<Vec<u32>>(), Some(&vec![1]));
+    ///
+    /// map.get_or_insert_with(Vec::<u32>::new).push(2);
+    /// assert_eq!(map.get::<Vec<u32>>(), Some(&vec![1,2]));
+    /// ```
+    pub fn get_or_insert_with<T: 'static, F: FnOnce() -> T>(&mut self, default: F) -> &mut T {
+        self.map
+            .entry(TypeId::of::<T>())
+            .or_insert_with(|| Box::new(default()))
+            .downcast_mut()
+            .expect("extensions map should now contain a T value")
+    }
+
     /// Remove an item from the map of a given type.
     ///
     /// If an item of this type was already stored, it will be returned.
diff --git a/actix-http/src/h1/encoder.rs b/actix-http/src/h1/encoder.rs
index abe396ce2..77e34bcdc 100644
--- a/actix-http/src/h1/encoder.rs
+++ b/actix-http/src/h1/encoder.rs
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ impl MessageType for RequestHeadType {
                 _ => return Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Other, "unsupported version")),
             }
         )
-        .map_err(|e| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Other, e))
+        .map_err(|err| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Other, err))
     }
 }
 
@@ -433,7 +433,7 @@ impl TransferEncoding {
                     buf.extend_from_slice(b"0\r\n\r\n");
                 } else {
                     writeln!(helpers::MutWriter(buf), "{:X}\r", msg.len())
-                        .map_err(|e| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Other, e))?;
+                        .map_err(|err| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Other, err))?;
 
                     buf.reserve(msg.len() + 2);
                     buf.extend_from_slice(msg);
diff --git a/actix-http/src/h1/service.rs b/actix-http/src/h1/service.rs
index f2f8a0e48..2cf76edb2 100644
--- a/actix-http/src/h1/service.rs
+++ b/actix-http/src/h1/service.rs
@@ -480,15 +480,15 @@ where
         let cfg = self.cfg.clone();
 
         Box::pin(async move {
-            let expect = expect
-                .await
-                .map_err(|e| error!("Init http expect service error: {:?}", e))?;
+            let expect = expect.await.map_err(|err| {
+                tracing::error!("Initialization of HTTP expect service error: {err:?}");
+            })?;
 
             let upgrade = match upgrade {
                 Some(upgrade) => {
-                    let upgrade = upgrade
-                        .await
-                        .map_err(|e| error!("Init http upgrade service error: {:?}", e))?;
+                    let upgrade = upgrade.await.map_err(|err| {
+                        tracing::error!("Initialization of HTTP upgrade service error: {err:?}");
+                    })?;
                     Some(upgrade)
                 }
                 None => None,
@@ -496,7 +496,7 @@ where
 
             let service = service
                 .await
-                .map_err(|e| error!("Init http service error: {:?}", e))?;
+                .map_err(|err| error!("Initialization of HTTP service error: {err:?}"))?;
 
             Ok(H1ServiceHandler::new(
                 cfg,
@@ -541,6 +541,6 @@ where
 
     fn call(&self, (io, addr): (T, Option<net::SocketAddr>)) -> Self::Future {
         let conn_data = OnConnectData::from_io(&io, self.on_connect_ext.as_deref());
-        Dispatcher::new(io, self.flow.clone(), self.cfg.clone(), addr, conn_data)
+        Dispatcher::new(io, Rc::clone(&self.flow), self.cfg.clone(), addr, conn_data)
     }
 }
diff --git a/actix-http/src/h2/service.rs b/actix-http/src/h2/service.rs
index 636ac3161..debc73e59 100644
--- a/actix-http/src/h2/service.rs
+++ b/actix-http/src/h2/service.rs
@@ -434,7 +434,7 @@ where
 
         H2ServiceHandlerResponse {
             state: State::Handshake(
-                Some(self.flow.clone()),
+                Some(Rc::clone(&self.flow)),
                 Some(self.cfg.clone()),
                 addr,
                 on_connect_data,
diff --git a/actix-http/src/header/common.rs b/actix-http/src/header/common.rs
index 6942dc26a..ebdd6708f 100644
--- a/actix-http/src/header/common.rs
+++ b/actix-http/src/header/common.rs
@@ -18,6 +18,14 @@ pub const CACHE_STATUS: HeaderName = HeaderName::from_static("cache-status");
 // TODO(breaking): replace with http's version
 pub const CDN_CACHE_CONTROL: HeaderName = HeaderName::from_static("cdn-cache-control");
 
+/// Response header field that sends a signal to the user agent that it ought to remove all data of
+/// a certain set of types.
+///
+/// See the [W3C Clear-Site-Data spec] for full semantics.
+///
+/// [W3C Clear-Site-Data spec]: https://www.w3.org/TR/clear-site-data/#header
+pub const CLEAR_SITE_DATA: HeaderName = HeaderName::from_static("clear-site-data");
+
 /// Response header that prevents a document from loading any cross-origin resources that don't
 /// explicitly grant the document permission (using [CORP] or [CORS]).
 ///
diff --git a/actix-http/src/header/map.rs b/actix-http/src/header/map.rs
index b86798a4c..a9a201e1a 100644
--- a/actix-http/src/header/map.rs
+++ b/actix-http/src/header/map.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 use std::{borrow::Cow, collections::hash_map, iter, ops};
 
-use ahash::AHashMap;
+use foldhash::{HashMap as FoldHashMap, HashMapExt as _};
 use http::header::{HeaderName, HeaderValue};
 use smallvec::{smallvec, SmallVec};
 
@@ -13,8 +13,9 @@ use super::AsHeaderName;
 /// `HeaderMap` is a "multi-map" of [`HeaderName`] to one or more [`HeaderValue`]s.
 ///
 /// # Examples
+///
 /// ```
-/// use actix_http::header::{self, HeaderMap, HeaderValue};
+/// # use actix_http::header::{self, HeaderMap, HeaderValue};
 ///
 /// let mut map = HeaderMap::new();
 ///
@@ -29,9 +30,24 @@ use super::AsHeaderName;
 ///
 /// assert!(!map.contains_key(header::ORIGIN));
 /// ```
+///
+/// Construct a header map using the [`FromIterator`] implementation. Note that it uses the append
+/// strategy, so duplicate header names are preserved.
+///
+/// ```
+/// use actix_http::header::{self, HeaderMap, HeaderValue};
+///
+/// let headers = HeaderMap::from_iter([
+///     (header::CONTENT_TYPE, HeaderValue::from_static("text/plain")),
+///     (header::COOKIE, HeaderValue::from_static("foo=1")),
+///     (header::COOKIE, HeaderValue::from_static("bar=1")),
+/// ]);
+///
+/// assert_eq!(headers.len(), 3);
+/// ```
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
 pub struct HeaderMap {
-    pub(crate) inner: AHashMap<HeaderName, Value>,
+    pub(crate) inner: FoldHashMap<HeaderName, Value>,
 }
 
 /// A bespoke non-empty list for HeaderMap values.
@@ -100,7 +116,7 @@ impl HeaderMap {
     /// ```
     pub fn with_capacity(capacity: usize) -> Self {
         HeaderMap {
-            inner: AHashMap::with_capacity(capacity),
+            inner: FoldHashMap::with_capacity(capacity),
         }
     }
 
@@ -368,8 +384,8 @@ impl HeaderMap {
     /// let removed = map.insert(header::ACCEPT, HeaderValue::from_static("text/html"));
     /// assert!(!removed.is_empty());
     /// ```
-    pub fn insert(&mut self, key: HeaderName, val: HeaderValue) -> Removed {
-        let value = self.inner.insert(key, Value::one(val));
+    pub fn insert(&mut self, name: HeaderName, val: HeaderValue) -> Removed {
+        let value = self.inner.insert(name, Value::one(val));
         Removed::new(value)
     }
 
@@ -636,6 +652,16 @@ impl<'a> IntoIterator for &'a HeaderMap {
     }
 }
 
+impl FromIterator<(HeaderName, HeaderValue)> for HeaderMap {
+    fn from_iter<T: IntoIterator<Item = (HeaderName, HeaderValue)>>(iter: T) -> Self {
+        iter.into_iter()
+            .fold(Self::new(), |mut map, (name, value)| {
+                map.append(name, value);
+                map
+            })
+    }
+}
+
 /// Convert a `http::HeaderMap` to our `HeaderMap`.
 impl From<http::HeaderMap> for HeaderMap {
     fn from(mut map: http::HeaderMap) -> Self {
@@ -804,7 +830,7 @@ impl<'a> Drain<'a> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a> Iterator for Drain<'a> {
+impl Iterator for Drain<'_> {
     type Item = (Option<HeaderName>, HeaderValue);
 
     fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
diff --git a/actix-http/src/header/mod.rs b/actix-http/src/header/mod.rs
index 79f91afef..b22c43f76 100644
--- a/actix-http/src/header/mod.rs
+++ b/actix-http/src/header/mod.rs
@@ -42,9 +42,9 @@ pub use self::{
     as_name::AsHeaderName,
     // re-export list is explicit so that any updates to `http` do not conflict with this set
     common::{
-        CACHE_STATUS, CDN_CACHE_CONTROL, CROSS_ORIGIN_EMBEDDER_POLICY, CROSS_ORIGIN_OPENER_POLICY,
-        CROSS_ORIGIN_RESOURCE_POLICY, PERMISSIONS_POLICY, X_FORWARDED_FOR, X_FORWARDED_HOST,
-        X_FORWARDED_PROTO,
+        CACHE_STATUS, CDN_CACHE_CONTROL, CLEAR_SITE_DATA, CROSS_ORIGIN_EMBEDDER_POLICY,
+        CROSS_ORIGIN_OPENER_POLICY, CROSS_ORIGIN_RESOURCE_POLICY, PERMISSIONS_POLICY,
+        X_FORWARDED_FOR, X_FORWARDED_HOST, X_FORWARDED_PROTO,
     },
     into_pair::TryIntoHeaderPair,
     into_value::TryIntoHeaderValue,
diff --git a/actix-http/src/header/shared/content_encoding.rs b/actix-http/src/header/shared/content_encoding.rs
index c3b4bc4c2..6c4cc9229 100644
--- a/actix-http/src/header/shared/content_encoding.rs
+++ b/actix-http/src/header/shared/content_encoding.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use crate::{
 
 /// Error returned when a content encoding is unknown.
 #[derive(Debug, Display, Error)]
-#[display(fmt = "unsupported content encoding")]
+#[display("unsupported content encoding")]
 pub struct ContentEncodingParseError;
 
 /// Represents a supported content encoding.
diff --git a/actix-http/src/header/shared/quality.rs b/actix-http/src/header/shared/quality.rs
index c2276cf1b..c9b6c2ae6 100644
--- a/actix-http/src/header/shared/quality.rs
+++ b/actix-http/src/header/shared/quality.rs
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ pub fn itoa_fmt<W: fmt::Write, V: itoa::Integer>(mut wr: W, value: V) -> fmt::Re
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Display, Error)]
-#[display(fmt = "quality out of bounds")]
+#[display("quality out of bounds")]
 #[non_exhaustive]
 pub struct QualityOutOfBounds;
 
diff --git a/actix-http/src/helpers.rs b/actix-http/src/helpers.rs
index 7f28018e7..61175bdc9 100644
--- a/actix-http/src/helpers.rs
+++ b/actix-http/src/helpers.rs
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ pub fn write_content_length<B: BufMut>(n: u64, buf: &mut B, camel_case: bool) {
 /// perform a remaining length check before writing.
 pub(crate) struct MutWriter<'a, B>(pub(crate) &'a mut B);
 
-impl<'a, B> io::Write for MutWriter<'a, B>
+impl<B> io::Write for MutWriter<'_, B>
 where
     B: BufMut,
 {
diff --git a/actix-http/src/http_message.rs b/actix-http/src/http_message.rs
index 3ba9ef752..2800f40ba 100644
--- a/actix-http/src/http_message.rs
+++ b/actix-http/src/http_message.rs
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ pub trait HttpMessage: Sized {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a, T> HttpMessage for &'a mut T
+impl<T> HttpMessage for &mut T
 where
     T: HttpMessage,
 {
diff --git a/actix-http/src/lib.rs b/actix-http/src/lib.rs
index f9697c4d5..734e6e1e1 100644
--- a/actix-http/src/lib.rs
+++ b/actix-http/src/lib.rs
@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@
 //! | ------------------- | ------------------------------------------- |
 //! | `http2`             | HTTP/2 support via [h2].                    |
 //! | `openssl`           | TLS support via [OpenSSL].                  |
-//! | `rustls`            | TLS support via [rustls]  0.20.             |
-//! | `rustls-0_21`       | TLS support via [rustls]  0.21.             |
-//! | `rustls-0_22`       | TLS support via [rustls]  0.22.             |
-//! | `rustls-0_23`       | TLS support via [rustls]  0.23.             |
+//! | `rustls-0_20`       | TLS support via rustls 0.20.                |
+//! | `rustls-0_21`       | TLS support via rustls 0.21.                |
+//! | `rustls-0_22`       | TLS support via rustls 0.22.                |
+//! | `rustls-0_23`       | TLS support via [rustls] 0.23.              |
 //! | `compress-brotli`   | Payload compression support: Brotli.        |
 //! | `compress-gzip`     | Payload compression support: Deflate, Gzip. |
 //! | `compress-zstd`     | Payload compression support: Zstd.          |
@@ -20,8 +20,6 @@
 //! [rustls]: https://crates.io/crates/rustls
 //! [trust-dns]: https://crates.io/crates/trust-dns
 
-#![deny(rust_2018_idioms, nonstandard_style)]
-#![warn(future_incompatible)]
 #![allow(
     clippy::type_complexity,
     clippy::too_many_arguments,
@@ -61,13 +59,7 @@ pub mod ws;
 
 #[allow(deprecated)]
 pub use self::payload::PayloadStream;
-#[cfg(any(
-    feature = "openssl",
-    feature = "rustls-0_20",
-    feature = "rustls-0_21",
-    feature = "rustls-0_22",
-    feature = "rustls-0_23",
-))]
+#[cfg(feature = "__tls")]
 pub use self::service::TlsAcceptorConfig;
 pub use self::{
     builder::HttpServiceBuilder,
diff --git a/actix-http/src/message.rs b/actix-http/src/message.rs
index 47b128fd0..d2241b229 100644
--- a/actix-http/src/message.rs
+++ b/actix-http/src/message.rs
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ impl<T: Head> ops::DerefMut for Message<T> {
 
 impl<T: Head> Drop for Message<T> {
     fn drop(&mut self) {
-        T::with_pool(|p| p.release(self.head.clone()))
+        T::with_pool(|p| p.release(Rc::clone(&self.head)))
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/actix-http/src/payload.rs b/actix-http/src/payload.rs
index 7d476c55f..d7a52417e 100644
--- a/actix-http/src/payload.rs
+++ b/actix-http/src/payload.rs
@@ -41,13 +41,31 @@ pin_project! {
 }
 
 impl<S> From<crate::h1::Payload> for Payload<S> {
+    #[inline]
     fn from(payload: crate::h1::Payload) -> Self {
         Payload::H1 { payload }
     }
 }
 
+impl<S> From<Bytes> for Payload<S> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(bytes: Bytes) -> Self {
+        let (_, mut pl) = crate::h1::Payload::create(true);
+        pl.unread_data(bytes);
+        self::Payload::from(pl)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<S> From<Vec<u8>> for Payload<S> {
+    #[inline]
+    fn from(vec: Vec<u8>) -> Self {
+        Payload::from(Bytes::from(vec))
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(feature = "http2")]
 impl<S> From<crate::h2::Payload> for Payload<S> {
+    #[inline]
     fn from(payload: crate::h2::Payload) -> Self {
         Payload::H2 { payload }
     }
@@ -55,6 +73,7 @@ impl<S> From<crate::h2::Payload> for Payload<S> {
 
 #[cfg(feature = "http2")]
 impl<S> From<::h2::RecvStream> for Payload<S> {
+    #[inline]
     fn from(stream: ::h2::RecvStream) -> Self {
         Payload::H2 {
             payload: crate::h2::Payload::new(stream),
@@ -63,13 +82,15 @@ impl<S> From<::h2::RecvStream> for Payload<S> {
 }
 
 impl From<BoxedPayloadStream> for Payload {
+    #[inline]
     fn from(payload: BoxedPayloadStream) -> Self {
         Payload::Stream { payload }
     }
 }
 
 impl<S> Payload<S> {
-    /// Takes current payload and replaces it with `None` value
+    /// Takes current payload and replaces it with `None` value.
+    #[must_use]
     pub fn take(&mut self) -> Payload<S> {
         mem::replace(self, Payload::None)
     }
diff --git a/actix-http/src/responses/builder.rs b/actix-http/src/responses/builder.rs
index 91c69ba54..bb7d0f712 100644
--- a/actix-http/src/responses/builder.rs
+++ b/actix-http/src/responses/builder.rs
@@ -351,12 +351,9 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(resp.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(), "text/plain");
 
         let resp = Response::build(StatusCode::OK)
-            .content_type(mime::APPLICATION_JAVASCRIPT_UTF_8)
+            .content_type(mime::TEXT_JAVASCRIPT)
             .body(Bytes::new());
-        assert_eq!(
-            resp.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(),
-            "application/javascript; charset=utf-8"
-        );
+        assert_eq!(resp.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap(), "text/javascript");
     }
 
     #[test]
diff --git a/actix-http/src/service.rs b/actix-http/src/service.rs
index a58be93c7..3be099d9f 100644
--- a/actix-http/src/service.rs
+++ b/actix-http/src/service.rs
@@ -241,25 +241,13 @@ where
 }
 
 /// Configuration options used when accepting TLS connection.
-#[cfg(any(
-    feature = "openssl",
-    feature = "rustls-0_20",
-    feature = "rustls-0_21",
-    feature = "rustls-0_22",
-    feature = "rustls-0_23",
-))]
+#[cfg(feature = "__tls")]
 #[derive(Debug, Default)]
 pub struct TlsAcceptorConfig {
     pub(crate) handshake_timeout: Option<std::time::Duration>,
 }
 
-#[cfg(any(
-    feature = "openssl",
-    feature = "rustls-0_20",
-    feature = "rustls-0_21",
-    feature = "rustls-0_22",
-    feature = "rustls-0_23",
-))]
+#[cfg(feature = "__tls")]
 impl TlsAcceptorConfig {
     /// Set TLS handshake timeout duration.
     pub fn handshake_timeout(self, dur: std::time::Duration) -> Self {
@@ -787,23 +775,23 @@ where
         let cfg = self.cfg.clone();
 
         Box::pin(async move {
-            let expect = expect
-                .await
-                .map_err(|e| error!("Init http expect service error: {:?}", e))?;
+            let expect = expect.await.map_err(|err| {
+                tracing::error!("Initialization of HTTP expect service error: {err:?}");
+            })?;
 
             let upgrade = match upgrade {
                 Some(upgrade) => {
-                    let upgrade = upgrade
-                        .await
-                        .map_err(|e| error!("Init http upgrade service error: {:?}", e))?;
+                    let upgrade = upgrade.await.map_err(|err| {
+                        tracing::error!("Initialization of HTTP upgrade service error: {err:?}");
+                    })?;
                     Some(upgrade)
                 }
                 None => None,
             };
 
-            let service = service
-                .await
-                .map_err(|e| error!("Init http service error: {:?}", e))?;
+            let service = service.await.map_err(|err| {
+                tracing::error!("Initialization of HTTP service error: {err:?}");
+            })?;
 
             Ok(HttpServiceHandler::new(
                 cfg,
@@ -922,7 +910,7 @@ where
                     handshake: Some((
                         crate::h2::handshake_with_timeout(io, &self.cfg),
                         self.cfg.clone(),
-                        self.flow.clone(),
+                        Rc::clone(&self.flow),
                         conn_data,
                         peer_addr,
                     )),
@@ -938,7 +926,7 @@ where
                 state: State::H1 {
                     dispatcher: h1::Dispatcher::new(
                         io,
-                        self.flow.clone(),
+                        Rc::clone(&self.flow),
                         self.cfg.clone(),
                         peer_addr,
                         conn_data,
diff --git a/actix-http/src/test.rs b/actix-http/src/test.rs
index 3815e64c6..dfa9a86c9 100644
--- a/actix-http/src/test.rs
+++ b/actix-http/src/test.rs
@@ -159,8 +159,8 @@ impl TestBuffer {
     #[allow(dead_code)]
     pub(crate) fn clone(&self) -> Self {
         Self {
-            read_buf: self.read_buf.clone(),
-            write_buf: self.write_buf.clone(),
+            read_buf: Rc::clone(&self.read_buf),
+            write_buf: Rc::clone(&self.write_buf),
             err: self.err.clone(),
         }
     }
diff --git a/actix-http/src/ws/dispatcher.rs b/actix-http/src/ws/dispatcher.rs
index 1354d5ae1..7d0a300b7 100644
--- a/actix-http/src/ws/dispatcher.rs
+++ b/actix-http/src/ws/dispatcher.rs
@@ -114,14 +114,14 @@ mod inner {
     {
         fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
             match *self {
-                DispatcherError::Service(ref e) => {
-                    write!(fmt, "DispatcherError::Service({:?})", e)
+                DispatcherError::Service(ref err) => {
+                    write!(fmt, "DispatcherError::Service({err:?})")
                 }
-                DispatcherError::Encoder(ref e) => {
-                    write!(fmt, "DispatcherError::Encoder({:?})", e)
+                DispatcherError::Encoder(ref err) => {
+                    write!(fmt, "DispatcherError::Encoder({err:?})")
                 }
-                DispatcherError::Decoder(ref e) => {
-                    write!(fmt, "DispatcherError::Decoder({:?})", e)
+                DispatcherError::Decoder(ref err) => {
+                    write!(fmt, "DispatcherError::Decoder({err:?})")
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -136,9 +136,9 @@ mod inner {
     {
         fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
             match *self {
-                DispatcherError::Service(ref e) => write!(fmt, "{}", e),
-                DispatcherError::Encoder(ref e) => write!(fmt, "{:?}", e),
-                DispatcherError::Decoder(ref e) => write!(fmt, "{:?}", e),
+                DispatcherError::Service(ref err) => write!(fmt, "{err}"),
+                DispatcherError::Encoder(ref err) => write!(fmt, "{err:?}"),
+                DispatcherError::Decoder(ref err) => write!(fmt, "{err:?}"),
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/actix-http/src/ws/mod.rs b/actix-http/src/ws/mod.rs
index 3ed53b70a..c2ae010c2 100644
--- a/actix-http/src/ws/mod.rs
+++ b/actix-http/src/ws/mod.rs
@@ -27,43 +27,43 @@ pub use self::{
 #[derive(Debug, Display, Error, From)]
 pub enum ProtocolError {
     /// Received an unmasked frame from client.
-    #[display(fmt = "received an unmasked frame from client")]
+    #[display("received an unmasked frame from client")]
     UnmaskedFrame,
 
     /// Received a masked frame from server.
-    #[display(fmt = "received a masked frame from server")]
+    #[display("received a masked frame from server")]
     MaskedFrame,
 
     /// Encountered invalid opcode.
-    #[display(fmt = "invalid opcode ({})", _0)]
+    #[display("invalid opcode ({})", _0)]
     InvalidOpcode(#[error(not(source))] u8),
 
     /// Invalid control frame length
-    #[display(fmt = "invalid control frame length ({})", _0)]
+    #[display("invalid control frame length ({})", _0)]
     InvalidLength(#[error(not(source))] usize),
 
     /// Bad opcode.
-    #[display(fmt = "bad opcode")]
+    #[display("bad opcode")]
     BadOpCode,
 
     /// A payload reached size limit.
-    #[display(fmt = "payload reached size limit")]
+    #[display("payload reached size limit")]
     Overflow,
 
     /// Continuation has not started.
-    #[display(fmt = "continuation has not started")]
+    #[display("continuation has not started")]
     ContinuationNotStarted,
 
     /// Received new continuation but it is already started.
-    #[display(fmt = "received new continuation but it has already started")]
+    #[display("received new continuation but it has already started")]
     ContinuationStarted,
 
     /// Unknown continuation fragment.
-    #[display(fmt = "unknown continuation fragment: {}", _0)]
+    #[display("unknown continuation fragment: {}", _0)]
     ContinuationFragment(#[error(not(source))] OpCode),
 
     /// I/O error.
-    #[display(fmt = "I/O error: {}", _0)]
+    #[display("I/O error: {}", _0)]
     Io(io::Error),
 }
 
@@ -71,27 +71,27 @@ pub enum ProtocolError {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Display, Error)]
 pub enum HandshakeError {
     /// Only get method is allowed.
-    #[display(fmt = "method not allowed")]
+    #[display("method not allowed")]
     GetMethodRequired,
 
     /// Upgrade header if not set to WebSocket.
-    #[display(fmt = "WebSocket upgrade is expected")]
+    #[display("WebSocket upgrade is expected")]
     NoWebsocketUpgrade,
 
     /// Connection header is not set to upgrade.
-    #[display(fmt = "connection upgrade is expected")]
+    #[display("connection upgrade is expected")]
     NoConnectionUpgrade,
 
     /// WebSocket version header is not set.
-    #[display(fmt = "WebSocket version header is required")]
+    #[display("WebSocket version header is required")]
     NoVersionHeader,
 
     /// Unsupported WebSocket version.
-    #[display(fmt = "unsupported WebSocket version")]
+    #[display("unsupported WebSocket version")]
     UnsupportedVersion,
 
     /// WebSocket key is not set or wrong.
-    #[display(fmt = "unknown WebSocket key")]
+    #[display("unknown WebSocket key")]
     BadWebsocketKey,
 }
 
diff --git a/actix-http/tests/test_client.rs b/actix-http/tests/test_client.rs
index 5888527f1..2d940984d 100644
--- a/actix-http/tests/test_client.rs
+++ b/actix-http/tests/test_client.rs
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ async fn with_query_parameter() {
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Display, Error)]
-#[display(fmt = "expect failed")]
+#[display("expect failed")]
 struct ExpectFailed;
 
 impl From<ExpectFailed> for Response<BoxBody> {
diff --git a/actix-http/tests/test_openssl.rs b/actix-http/tests/test_openssl.rs
index 4dd22b585..83456b0cb 100644
--- a/actix-http/tests/test_openssl.rs
+++ b/actix-http/tests/test_openssl.rs
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ async fn h2_response_http_error_handling() {
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Display, Error)]
-#[display(fmt = "error")]
+#[display("error")]
 struct BadRequest;
 
 impl From<BadRequest> for Response<BoxBody> {
diff --git a/actix-http/tests/test_rustls.rs b/actix-http/tests/test_rustls.rs
index 3ca0d94c2..43e47c0a4 100644
--- a/actix-http/tests/test_rustls.rs
+++ b/actix-http/tests/test_rustls.rs
@@ -480,7 +480,7 @@ async fn h2_response_http_error_handling() {
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Display, Error)]
-#[display(fmt = "error")]
+#[display("error")]
 struct BadRequest;
 
 impl From<BadRequest> for Response<BoxBody> {
diff --git a/actix-http/tests/test_server.rs b/actix-http/tests/test_server.rs
index 4ba64a53c..aafcde19a 100644
--- a/actix-http/tests/test_server.rs
+++ b/actix-http/tests/test_server.rs
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ use actix_utils::future::{err, ok, ready};
 use bytes::Bytes;
 use derive_more::{Display, Error};
 use futures_util::{stream::once, FutureExt as _, StreamExt as _};
+use rand::Rng as _;
 use regex::Regex;
 
 #[actix_rt::test]
@@ -62,7 +63,7 @@ async fn h1_2() {
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Display, Error)]
-#[display(fmt = "expect failed")]
+#[display("expect failed")]
 struct ExpectFailed;
 
 impl From<ExpectFailed> for Response<BoxBody> {
@@ -164,7 +165,10 @@ async fn chunked_payload() {
 
         for chunk_size in chunk_sizes.iter() {
             let mut bytes = Vec::new();
-            let random_bytes: Vec<u8> = (0..*chunk_size).map(|_| rand::random::<u8>()).collect();
+            let random_bytes = rand::rng()
+                .sample_iter(rand::distr::StandardUniform)
+                .take(*chunk_size)
+                .collect::<Vec<_>>();
 
             bytes.extend(format!("{:X}\r\n", chunk_size).as_bytes());
             bytes.extend(&random_bytes[..]);
@@ -723,7 +727,7 @@ async fn h1_response_http_error_handling() {
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Display, Error)]
-#[display(fmt = "error")]
+#[display("error")]
 struct BadRequest;
 
 impl From<BadRequest> for Response<BoxBody> {
diff --git a/actix-http/tests/test_ws.rs b/actix-http/tests/test_ws.rs
index 9a78074c4..da16ab5f5 100644
--- a/actix-http/tests/test_ws.rs
+++ b/actix-http/tests/test_ws.rs
@@ -37,16 +37,16 @@ impl WsService {
 
 #[derive(Debug, Display, Error, From)]
 enum WsServiceError {
-    #[display(fmt = "HTTP error")]
+    #[display("HTTP error")]
     Http(actix_http::Error),
 
-    #[display(fmt = "WS handshake error")]
+    #[display("WS handshake error")]
     Ws(actix_http::ws::HandshakeError),
 
-    #[display(fmt = "I/O error")]
+    #[display("I/O error")]
     Io(std::io::Error),
 
-    #[display(fmt = "dispatcher error")]
+    #[display("dispatcher error")]
     Dispatcher,
 }
 
diff --git a/actix-multipart-derive/CHANGES.md b/actix-multipart-derive/CHANGES.md
index 1b44ba4b7..d0c759297 100644
--- a/actix-multipart-derive/CHANGES.md
+++ b/actix-multipart-derive/CHANGES.md
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 
 ## Unreleased
 
+## 0.7.0
+
 - Minimum supported Rust version (MSRV) is now 1.72.
 
 ## 0.6.1
diff --git a/actix-multipart-derive/Cargo.toml b/actix-multipart-derive/Cargo.toml
index e978864a3..d4b228020 100644
--- a/actix-multipart-derive/Cargo.toml
+++ b/actix-multipart-derive/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "actix-multipart-derive"
-version = "0.6.1"
+version = "0.7.0"
 authors = ["Jacob Halsey <jacob@jhalsey.com>"]
 description = "Multipart form derive macro for Actix Web"
 keywords = ["http", "web", "framework", "async", "futures"]
@@ -18,14 +18,17 @@ all-features = true
 proc-macro = true
 
 [dependencies]
+bytesize = "2"
 darling = "0.20"
-parse-size = "1"
 proc-macro2 = "1"
 quote = "1"
 syn = "2"
 
 [dev-dependencies]
-actix-multipart = "0.6"
+actix-multipart = "0.7"
 actix-web = "4"
-rustversion = "1"
+rustversion-msrv = "0.100"
 trybuild = "1"
+
+[lints]
+workspace = true
diff --git a/actix-multipart-derive/README.md b/actix-multipart-derive/README.md
index ec0afffdd..bf75613ed 100644
--- a/actix-multipart-derive/README.md
+++ b/actix-multipart-derive/README.md
@@ -5,11 +5,11 @@
 <!-- prettier-ignore-start -->
 
 [![crates.io](https://img.shields.io/crates/v/actix-multipart-derive?label=latest)](https://crates.io/crates/actix-multipart-derive)
-[![Documentation](https://docs.rs/actix-multipart-derive/badge.svg?version=0.6.1)](https://docs.rs/actix-multipart-derive/0.6.1)
+[![Documentation](https://docs.rs/actix-multipart-derive/badge.svg?version=0.7.0)](https://docs.rs/actix-multipart-derive/0.7.0)
 ![Version](https://img.shields.io/badge/rustc-1.72+-ab6000.svg)
 ![MIT or Apache 2.0 licensed](https://img.shields.io/crates/l/actix-multipart-derive.svg)
 <br />
-[![dependency status](https://deps.rs/crate/actix-multipart-derive/0.6.1/status.svg)](https://deps.rs/crate/actix-multipart-derive/0.6.1)
+[![dependency status](https://deps.rs/crate/actix-multipart-derive/0.7.0/status.svg)](https://deps.rs/crate/actix-multipart-derive/0.7.0)
 [![Download](https://img.shields.io/crates/d/actix-multipart-derive.svg)](https://crates.io/crates/actix-multipart-derive)
 [![Chat on Discord](https://img.shields.io/discord/771444961383153695?label=chat&logo=discord)](https://discord.gg/NWpN5mmg3x)
 
diff --git a/actix-multipart-derive/src/lib.rs b/actix-multipart-derive/src/lib.rs
index 9552ad2d9..4df9b78aa 100644
--- a/actix-multipart-derive/src/lib.rs
+++ b/actix-multipart-derive/src/lib.rs
@@ -2,16 +2,15 @@
 //!
 //! See [`macro@MultipartForm`] for usage examples.
 
-#![deny(rust_2018_idioms, nonstandard_style)]
-#![warn(future_incompatible)]
 #![doc(html_logo_url = "https://actix.rs/img/logo.png")]
 #![doc(html_favicon_url = "https://actix.rs/favicon.ico")]
 #![cfg_attr(docsrs, feature(doc_auto_cfg))]
+#![allow(clippy::disallowed_names)] // false positives in some macro expansions
 
 use std::collections::HashSet;
 
+use bytesize::ByteSize;
 use darling::{FromDeriveInput, FromField, FromMeta};
-use parse_size::parse_size;
 use proc_macro::TokenStream;
 use proc_macro2::Ident;
 use quote::quote;
@@ -37,6 +36,7 @@ struct MultipartFormAttrs {
     duplicate_field: DuplicateField,
 }
 
+#[allow(clippy::disallowed_names)] // false positive in macro expansion
 #[derive(FromField, Default)]
 #[darling(attributes(multipart), default)]
 struct FieldAttrs {
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ struct ParsedField<'t> {
 /// # Field Limits
 ///
 /// You can use the `#[multipart(limit = "<size>")]` attribute to set field level limits. The limit
-/// string is parsed using [parse_size].
+/// string is parsed using [`bytesize`].
 ///
 /// Note: the form is also subject to the global limits configured using `MultipartFormConfig`.
 ///
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ struct ParsedField<'t> {
 /// `#[multipart(duplicate_field = "<behavior>")]` attribute:
 ///
 /// - "ignore": (default) Extra fields are ignored. I.e., the first one is persisted.
-/// - "deny": A `MultipartError::UnsupportedField` error response is returned.
+/// - "deny": A `MultipartError::UnknownField` error response is returned.
 /// - "replace": Each field is processed, but only the last one is persisted.
 ///
 /// Note that `Vec` fields will ignore this option.
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ struct ParsedField<'t> {
 /// struct Form { }
 /// ```
 ///
-/// [parse_size]: https://docs.rs/parse-size/1/parse_size
+/// [`bytesize`]: https://docs.rs/bytesize/2
 #[proc_macro_derive(MultipartForm, attributes(multipart))]
 pub fn impl_multipart_form(input: proc_macro::TokenStream) -> proc_macro::TokenStream {
     let input: syn::DeriveInput = parse_macro_input!(input);
@@ -191,8 +191,8 @@ pub fn impl_multipart_form(input: proc_macro::TokenStream) -> proc_macro::TokenS
             let attrs = FieldAttrs::from_field(field).map_err(|err| err.write_errors())?;
             let serialization_name = attrs.rename.unwrap_or_else(|| rust_name.to_string());
 
-            let limit = match attrs.limit.map(|limit| match parse_size(&limit) {
-                Ok(size) => Ok(usize::try_from(size).unwrap()),
+            let limit = match attrs.limit.map(|limit| match limit.parse::<ByteSize>() {
+                Ok(ByteSize(size)) => Ok(usize::try_from(size).unwrap()),
                 Err(err) => Err(syn::Error::new(
                     field.ident.as_ref().unwrap().span(),
                     format!("Could not parse size limit `{}`: {}", limit, err),
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ pub fn impl_multipart_form(input: proc_macro::TokenStream) -> proc_macro::TokenS
     // Return value when a field name is not supported by the form
     let unknown_field_result = if attrs.deny_unknown_fields {
         quote!(::std::result::Result::Err(
-            ::actix_multipart::MultipartError::UnsupportedField(field.name().to_string())
+            ::actix_multipart::MultipartError::UnknownField(field.name().unwrap().to_string())
         ))
     } else {
         quote!(::std::result::Result::Ok(()))
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ pub fn impl_multipart_form(input: proc_macro::TokenStream) -> proc_macro::TokenS
                 limits: &'t mut ::actix_multipart::form::Limits,
                 state: &'t mut ::actix_multipart::form::State,
             ) -> ::std::pin::Pin<::std::boxed::Box<dyn ::std::future::Future<Output = ::std::result::Result<(), ::actix_multipart::MultipartError>> + 't>> {
-                match field.name() {
+                match field.name().unwrap() {
                     #handle_field_impl
                     _ => return ::std::boxed::Box::pin(::std::future::ready(#unknown_field_result)),
                 }
diff --git a/actix-multipart-derive/tests/trybuild.rs b/actix-multipart-derive/tests/trybuild.rs
index 6b25d78df..7bd140324 100644
--- a/actix-multipart-derive/tests/trybuild.rs
+++ b/actix-multipart-derive/tests/trybuild.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#[rustversion::stable(1.72)] // MSRV
+#[rustversion_msrv::msrv]
 #[test]
 fn compile_macros() {
     let t = trybuild::TestCases::new();
diff --git a/actix-multipart-derive/tests/trybuild/size-limit-parse-fail.stderr b/actix-multipart-derive/tests/trybuild/size-limit-parse-fail.stderr
index fc02a78c4..6633086c0 100644
--- a/actix-multipart-derive/tests/trybuild/size-limit-parse-fail.stderr
+++ b/actix-multipart-derive/tests/trybuild/size-limit-parse-fail.stderr
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
-error: Could not parse size limit `2 bytes`: invalid digit found in string
+error: Could not parse size limit `2 bytes`: couldn't parse "bytes" into a known SI unit, couldn't parse unit of "bytes"
  --> tests/trybuild/size-limit-parse-fail.rs:6:5
   |
 6 |     description: Text<String>,
   |     ^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-error: Could not parse size limit `2 megabytes`: invalid digit found in string
+error: Could not parse size limit `2 megabytes`: couldn't parse "megabytes" into a known SI unit, couldn't parse unit of "megabytes"
   --> tests/trybuild/size-limit-parse-fail.rs:12:5
    |
 12 |     description: Text<String>,
    |     ^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-error: Could not parse size limit `four meters`: invalid digit found in string
+error: Could not parse size limit `four meters`: couldn't parse "four meters" into a ByteSize, cannot parse float from empty string
   --> tests/trybuild/size-limit-parse-fail.rs:18:5
    |
 18 |     description: Text<String>,
diff --git a/actix-multipart/CHANGES.md b/actix-multipart/CHANGES.md
index a91edf9c8..a030fac44 100644
--- a/actix-multipart/CHANGES.md
+++ b/actix-multipart/CHANGES.md
@@ -2,6 +2,28 @@
 
 ## Unreleased
 
+- Minimum supported Rust version (MSRV) is now 1.75.
+
+## 0.7.2
+
+- Fix re-exported version of `actix-multipart-derive`.
+
+## 0.7.1
+
+- Expose `LimitExceeded` error type.
+
+## 0.7.0
+
+- Add `MultipartError::ContentTypeIncompatible` variant.
+- Add `MultipartError::ContentDispositionNameMissing` variant.
+- Add `Field::bytes()` method.
+- Rename `MultipartError::{NoContentDisposition => ContentDispositionMissing}` variant.
+- Rename `MultipartError::{NoContentType => ContentTypeMissing}` variant.
+- Rename `MultipartError::{ParseContentType => ContentTypeParse}` variant.
+- Rename `MultipartError::{Boundary => BoundaryMissing}` variant.
+- Rename `MultipartError::{UnsupportedField => UnknownField}` variant.
+- Remove top-level re-exports of `test` utilities.
+
 ## 0.6.2
 
 - Add testing utilities under new module `test`.
diff --git a/actix-multipart/Cargo.toml b/actix-multipart/Cargo.toml
index 5e9b78d84..f86550f72 100644
--- a/actix-multipart/Cargo.toml
+++ b/actix-multipart/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,16 +1,17 @@
 [package]
 name = "actix-multipart"
-version = "0.6.2"
+version = "0.7.2"
 authors = [
     "Nikolay Kim <fafhrd91@gmail.com>",
     "Jacob Halsey <jacob@jhalsey.com>",
+    "Rob Ede <robjtede@icloud.com>",
 ]
-description = "Multipart form support for Actix Web"
-keywords = ["http", "web", "framework", "async", "futures"]
-homepage = "https://actix.rs"
-repository = "https://github.com/actix/actix-web"
-license = "MIT OR Apache-2.0"
-edition = "2021"
+description = "Multipart request & form support for Actix Web"
+keywords = ["http", "actix", "web", "multipart", "form"]
+homepage.workspace = true
+repository.workspace = true
+license.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
 
 [package.metadata.docs.rs]
 rustdoc-args = ["--cfg", "docsrs"]
@@ -37,12 +38,11 @@ derive = ["actix-multipart-derive"]
 tempfile = ["dep:tempfile", "tokio/fs"]
 
 [dependencies]
-actix-multipart-derive = { version = "=0.6.1", optional = true }
+actix-multipart-derive = { version = "=0.7.0", optional = true }
 actix-utils = "3"
 actix-web = { version = "4", default-features = false }
 
-bytes = "1"
-derive_more = "0.99.5"
+derive_more = { version = "2", features = ["display", "error", "from"] }
 futures-core = { version = "0.3.17", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
 futures-util = { version = "0.3.17", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
 httparse = "1.3"
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ local-waker = "0.1"
 log = "0.4"
 memchr = "2.5"
 mime = "0.3"
-rand = "0.8"
+rand = "0.9"
 serde = "1"
 serde_json = "1"
 serde_plain = "1"
@@ -59,12 +59,18 @@ tokio = { version = "1.24.2", features = ["sync", "io-util"] }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 actix-http = "3"
-actix-multipart-rfc7578 = "0.10"
+actix-multipart-rfc7578 = "0.11"
 actix-rt = "2.2"
 actix-test = "0.1"
 actix-web = "4"
+assert_matches = "1"
 awc = "3"
+env_logger = "0.11"
 futures-util = { version = "0.3.17", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
+futures-test = "0.3"
 multer = "3"
 tokio = { version = "1.24.2", features = ["sync"] }
 tokio-stream = "0.1"
+
+[lints]
+workspace = true
diff --git a/actix-multipart/README.md b/actix-multipart/README.md
index d61347f32..ec2e94bd8 100644
--- a/actix-multipart/README.md
+++ b/actix-multipart/README.md
@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@
 <!-- prettier-ignore-start -->
 
 [![crates.io](https://img.shields.io/crates/v/actix-multipart?label=latest)](https://crates.io/crates/actix-multipart)
-[![Documentation](https://docs.rs/actix-multipart/badge.svg?version=0.6.2)](https://docs.rs/actix-multipart/0.6.2)
+[![Documentation](https://docs.rs/actix-multipart/badge.svg?version=0.7.2)](https://docs.rs/actix-multipart/0.7.2)
 ![Version](https://img.shields.io/badge/rustc-1.72+-ab6000.svg)
 ![MIT or Apache 2.0 licensed](https://img.shields.io/crates/l/actix-multipart.svg)
 <br />
-[![dependency status](https://deps.rs/crate/actix-multipart/0.6.2/status.svg)](https://deps.rs/crate/actix-multipart/0.6.2)
+[![dependency status](https://deps.rs/crate/actix-multipart/0.7.2/status.svg)](https://deps.rs/crate/actix-multipart/0.7.2)
 [![Download](https://img.shields.io/crates/d/actix-multipart.svg)](https://crates.io/crates/actix-multipart)
 [![Chat on Discord](https://img.shields.io/discord/771444961383153695?label=chat&logo=discord)](https://discord.gg/NWpN5mmg3x)
 
@@ -15,14 +15,18 @@
 
 <!-- cargo-rdme start -->
 
-Multipart form support for Actix Web.
+Multipart request & form support for Actix Web.
+
+The [`Multipart`] extractor aims to support all kinds of `multipart/*` requests, including `multipart/form-data`, `multipart/related` and `multipart/mixed`. This is a lower-level extractor which supports reading [multipart fields](Field), in the order they are sent by the client.
+
+Due to additional requirements for `multipart/form-data` requests, the higher level [`MultipartForm`] extractor and derive macro only supports this media type.
 
 ## Examples
 
 ```rust
 use actix_web::{post, App, HttpServer, Responder};
 
-use actix_multipart::form::{json::Json as MPJson, tempfile::TempFile, MultipartForm};
+use actix_multipart::form::{json::Json as MpJson, tempfile::TempFile, MultipartForm};
 use serde::Deserialize;
 
 #[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
@@ -34,7 +38,7 @@ struct Metadata {
 struct UploadForm {
     #[multipart(limit = "100MB")]
     file: TempFile,
-    json: MPJson<Metadata>,
+    json: MpJson<Metadata>,
 }
 
 #[post("/videos")]
@@ -54,15 +58,17 @@ async fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
 }
 ```
 
-<!-- cargo-rdme end -->
+cURL request:
 
-[More available in the examples repo &rarr;](https://github.com/actix/examples/tree/master/forms/multipart)
-
-Curl request :
-
-```bash
+```sh
 curl -v --request POST \
   --url http://localhost:8080/videos \
   -F 'json={"name": "Cargo.lock"};type=application/json' \
   -F file=@./Cargo.lock
 ```
+
+[`MultipartForm`]: struct@form::MultipartForm
+
+<!-- cargo-rdme end -->
+
+[More available in the examples repo &rarr;](https://github.com/actix/examples/tree/master/forms/multipart)
diff --git a/actix-multipart/examples/form.rs b/actix-multipart/examples/form.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a90aeff96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actix-multipart/examples/form.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+use actix_multipart::form::{json::Json as MpJson, tempfile::TempFile, MultipartForm};
+use actix_web::{middleware::Logger, post, App, HttpServer, Responder};
+use serde::Deserialize;
+
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+struct Metadata {
+    name: String,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, MultipartForm)]
+struct UploadForm {
+    #[multipart(limit = "100MB")]
+    file: TempFile,
+    json: MpJson<Metadata>,
+}
+
+#[post("/videos")]
+async fn post_video(MultipartForm(form): MultipartForm<UploadForm>) -> impl Responder {
+    format!(
+        "Uploaded file {}, with size: {}\ntemporary file ({}) was deleted\n",
+        form.json.name,
+        form.file.size,
+        form.file.file.path().display(),
+    )
+}
+
+#[actix_web::main]
+async fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
+    env_logger::init_from_env(env_logger::Env::new().default_filter_or("info"));
+
+    HttpServer::new(move || App::new().service(post_video).wrap(Logger::default()))
+        .workers(2)
+        .bind(("127.0.0.1", 8080))?
+        .run()
+        .await
+}
diff --git a/actix-multipart/src/error.rs b/actix-multipart/src/error.rs
index 77b5a559f..cb4f06d39 100644
--- a/actix-multipart/src/error.rs
+++ b/actix-multipart/src/error.rs
@@ -10,78 +10,96 @@ use derive_more::{Display, Error, From};
 /// A set of errors that can occur during parsing multipart streams.
 #[derive(Debug, Display, From, Error)]
 #[non_exhaustive]
-pub enum MultipartError {
-    /// Content-Disposition header is not found or is not equal to "form-data".
+pub enum Error {
+    /// Could not find Content-Type header.
+    #[display("Could not find Content-Type header")]
+    ContentTypeMissing,
+
+    /// Could not parse Content-Type header.
+    #[display("Could not parse Content-Type header")]
+    ContentTypeParse,
+
+    /// Parsed Content-Type did not have "multipart" top-level media type.
     ///
-    /// According to [RFC 7578 §4.2](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7578#section-4.2) a
-    /// Content-Disposition header must always be present and equal to "form-data".
-    #[display(fmt = "No Content-Disposition `form-data` header")]
-    NoContentDisposition,
+    /// Also raised when extracting a [`MultipartForm`] from a request that does not have the
+    /// "multipart/form-data" media type.
+    ///
+    /// [`MultipartForm`]: struct@crate::form::MultipartForm
+    #[display("Parsed Content-Type did not have 'multipart' top-level media type")]
+    ContentTypeIncompatible,
 
-    /// Content-Type header is not found
-    #[display(fmt = "No Content-Type header found")]
-    NoContentType,
+    /// Multipart boundary is not found.
+    #[display("Multipart boundary is not found")]
+    BoundaryMissing,
 
-    /// Can not parse Content-Type header
-    #[display(fmt = "Can not parse Content-Type header")]
-    ParseContentType,
+    /// Content-Disposition header was not found or not of disposition type "form-data" when parsing
+    /// a "form-data" field.
+    ///
+    /// As per [RFC 7578 §4.2], a "multipart/form-data" field's Content-Disposition header must
+    /// always be present and have a disposition type of "form-data".
+    ///
+    /// [RFC 7578 §4.2]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7578#section-4.2
+    #[display("Content-Disposition header was not found when parsing a \"form-data\" field")]
+    ContentDispositionMissing,
 
-    /// Multipart boundary is not found
-    #[display(fmt = "Multipart boundary is not found")]
-    Boundary,
+    /// Content-Disposition name parameter was not found when parsing a "form-data" field.
+    ///
+    /// As per [RFC 7578 §4.2], a "multipart/form-data" field's Content-Disposition header must
+    /// always include a "name" parameter.
+    ///
+    /// [RFC 7578 §4.2]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7578#section-4.2
+    #[display("Content-Disposition header was not found when parsing a \"form-data\" field")]
+    ContentDispositionNameMissing,
 
-    /// Nested multipart is not supported
-    #[display(fmt = "Nested multipart is not supported")]
+    /// Nested multipart is not supported.
+    #[display("Nested multipart is not supported")]
     Nested,
 
-    /// Multipart stream is incomplete
-    #[display(fmt = "Multipart stream is incomplete")]
+    /// Multipart stream is incomplete.
+    #[display("Multipart stream is incomplete")]
     Incomplete,
 
-    /// Error during field parsing
-    #[display(fmt = "{}", _0)]
+    /// Field parsing failed.
+    #[display("Error during field parsing")]
     Parse(ParseError),
 
-    /// Payload error
-    #[display(fmt = "{}", _0)]
+    /// HTTP payload error.
+    #[display("Payload error")]
     Payload(PayloadError),
 
-    /// Not consumed
-    #[display(fmt = "Multipart stream is not consumed")]
+    /// Stream is not consumed.
+    #[display("Stream is not consumed")]
     NotConsumed,
 
-    /// An error from a field handler in a form
-    #[display(
-        fmt = "An error occurred processing field `{}`: {}",
-        field_name,
-        source
-    )]
+    /// Form field handler raised error.
+    #[display("An error occurred processing field: {name}")]
     Field {
-        field_name: String,
+        name: String,
         source: actix_web::Error,
     },
 
-    /// Duplicate field
-    #[display(fmt = "Duplicate field found for: `{}`", _0)]
+    /// Duplicate field found (for structure that opted-in to denying duplicate fields).
+    #[display("Duplicate field found: {_0}")]
     #[from(ignore)]
     DuplicateField(#[error(not(source))] String),
 
-    /// Missing field
-    #[display(fmt = "Field with name `{}` is required", _0)]
+    /// Required field is missing.
+    #[display("Required field is missing: {_0}")]
     #[from(ignore)]
     MissingField(#[error(not(source))] String),
 
-    /// Unknown field
-    #[display(fmt = "Unsupported field `{}`", _0)]
+    /// Unknown field (for structure that opted-in to denying unknown fields).
+    #[display("Unknown field: {_0}")]
     #[from(ignore)]
-    UnsupportedField(#[error(not(source))] String),
+    UnknownField(#[error(not(source))] String),
 }
 
-/// Return `BadRequest` for `MultipartError`
-impl ResponseError for MultipartError {
+/// Return `BadRequest` for `MultipartError`.
+impl ResponseError for Error {
     fn status_code(&self) -> StatusCode {
         match &self {
-            MultipartError::Field { source, .. } => source.as_response_error().status_code(),
+            Error::Field { source, .. } => source.as_response_error().status_code(),
+            Error::ContentTypeIncompatible => StatusCode::UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE,
             _ => StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST,
         }
     }
@@ -93,7 +111,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     #[test]
     fn test_multipart_error() {
-        let resp = MultipartError::Boundary.error_response();
+        let resp = Error::BoundaryMissing.error_response();
         assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST);
     }
 }
diff --git a/actix-multipart/src/extractor.rs b/actix-multipart/src/extractor.rs
index 56ed69ae4..31999228e 100644
--- a/actix-multipart/src/extractor.rs
+++ b/actix-multipart/src/extractor.rs
@@ -1,21 +1,20 @@
-//! Multipart payload support
-
 use actix_utils::future::{ready, Ready};
 use actix_web::{dev::Payload, Error, FromRequest, HttpRequest};
 
-use crate::server::Multipart;
+use crate::multipart::Multipart;
 
-/// Get request's payload as multipart stream.
+/// Extract request's payload as multipart stream.
 ///
-/// Content-type: multipart/form-data;
+/// Content-type: multipart/*;
 ///
 /// # Examples
+///
 /// ```
-/// use actix_web::{web, HttpResponse, Error};
+/// use actix_web::{web, HttpResponse};
 /// use actix_multipart::Multipart;
 /// use futures_util::StreamExt as _;
 ///
-/// async fn index(mut payload: Multipart) -> Result<HttpResponse, Error> {
+/// async fn index(mut payload: Multipart) -> actix_web::Result<HttpResponse> {
 ///     // iterate over multipart stream
 ///     while let Some(item) = payload.next().await {
 ///            let mut field = item?;
@@ -26,7 +25,7 @@ use crate::server::Multipart;
 ///            }
 ///     }
 ///
-///     Ok(HttpResponse::Ok().into())
+///     Ok(HttpResponse::Ok().finish())
 /// }
 /// ```
 impl FromRequest for Multipart {
@@ -35,9 +34,6 @@ impl FromRequest for Multipart {
 
     #[inline]
     fn from_request(req: &HttpRequest, payload: &mut Payload) -> Self::Future {
-        ready(Ok(match Multipart::boundary(req.headers()) {
-            Ok(boundary) => Multipart::from_boundary(boundary, payload.take()),
-            Err(err) => Multipart::from_error(err),
-        }))
+        ready(Ok(Multipart::from_req(req, payload)))
     }
 }
diff --git a/actix-multipart/src/field.rs b/actix-multipart/src/field.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0bbb8a657
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actix-multipart/src/field.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,501 @@
+use std::{
+    cell::RefCell,
+    cmp, fmt,
+    future::poll_fn,
+    mem,
+    pin::Pin,
+    rc::Rc,
+    task::{ready, Context, Poll},
+};
+
+use actix_web::{
+    error::PayloadError,
+    http::header::{self, ContentDisposition, HeaderMap},
+    web::{Bytes, BytesMut},
+};
+use derive_more::{Display, Error};
+use futures_core::Stream;
+use mime::Mime;
+
+use crate::{
+    error::Error,
+    payload::{PayloadBuffer, PayloadRef},
+    safety::Safety,
+};
+
+/// Error type returned from [`Field::bytes()`] when field data is larger than limit.
+#[derive(Debug, Display, Error)]
+#[display("size limit exceeded while collecting field data")]
+#[non_exhaustive]
+pub struct LimitExceeded;
+
+/// A single field in a multipart stream.
+pub struct Field {
+    /// Field's Content-Type.
+    content_type: Option<Mime>,
+
+    /// Field's Content-Disposition.
+    content_disposition: Option<ContentDisposition>,
+
+    /// Form field name.
+    ///
+    /// A non-optional storage for form field names to avoid unwraps in `form` module. Will be an
+    /// empty string in non-form contexts.
+    ///
+    // INVARIANT: always non-empty when request content-type is multipart/form-data.
+    pub(crate) form_field_name: String,
+
+    /// Field's header map.
+    headers: HeaderMap,
+
+    safety: Safety,
+    inner: Rc<RefCell<InnerField>>,
+}
+
+impl Field {
+    pub(crate) fn new(
+        content_type: Option<Mime>,
+        content_disposition: Option<ContentDisposition>,
+        form_field_name: Option<String>,
+        headers: HeaderMap,
+        safety: Safety,
+        inner: Rc<RefCell<InnerField>>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Field {
+            content_type,
+            content_disposition,
+            form_field_name: form_field_name.unwrap_or_default(),
+            headers,
+            inner,
+            safety,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a reference to the field's header map.
+    pub fn headers(&self) -> &HeaderMap {
+        &self.headers
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a reference to the field's content (mime) type, if it is supplied by the client.
+    ///
+    /// According to [RFC 7578](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7578#section-4.4), if it is not
+    /// present, it should default to "text/plain". Note it is the responsibility of the client to
+    /// provide the appropriate content type, there is no attempt to validate this by the server.
+    pub fn content_type(&self) -> Option<&Mime> {
+        self.content_type.as_ref()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns this field's parsed Content-Disposition header, if set.
+    ///
+    /// # Validation
+    ///
+    /// Per [RFC 7578 §4.2], the parts of a multipart/form-data payload MUST contain a
+    /// Content-Disposition header field where the disposition type is `form-data` and MUST also
+    /// contain an additional parameter of `name` with its value being the original field name from
+    /// the form. This requirement is enforced during extraction for multipart/form-data requests,
+    /// but not other kinds of multipart requests (such as multipart/related).
+    ///
+    /// As such, it is safe to `.unwrap()` calls `.content_disposition()` if you've verified.
+    ///
+    /// The [`name()`](Self::name) method is also provided as a convenience for obtaining the
+    /// aforementioned name parameter.
+    ///
+    /// [RFC 7578 §4.2]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7578#section-4.2
+    pub fn content_disposition(&self) -> Option<&ContentDisposition> {
+        self.content_disposition.as_ref()
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the field's name, if set.
+    ///
+    /// See [`content_disposition()`](Self::content_disposition) regarding guarantees on presence of
+    /// the "name" field.
+    pub fn name(&self) -> Option<&str> {
+        self.content_disposition()?.get_name()
+    }
+
+    /// Collects the raw field data, up to `limit` bytes.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// Any errors produced by the data stream are returned as `Ok(Err(Error))` immediately.
+    ///
+    /// If the buffered data size would exceed `limit`, an `Err(LimitExceeded)` is returned. Note
+    /// that, in this case, the full data stream is exhausted before returning the error so that
+    /// subsequent fields can still be read. To better defend against malicious/infinite requests,
+    /// it is advisable to also put a timeout on this call.
+    pub async fn bytes(&mut self, limit: usize) -> Result<Result<Bytes, Error>, LimitExceeded> {
+        /// Sensible default (2kB) for initial, bounded allocation when collecting body bytes.
+        const INITIAL_ALLOC_BYTES: usize = 2 * 1024;
+
+        let mut exceeded_limit = false;
+        let mut buf = BytesMut::with_capacity(INITIAL_ALLOC_BYTES);
+
+        let mut field = Pin::new(self);
+
+        match poll_fn(|cx| loop {
+            match ready!(field.as_mut().poll_next(cx)) {
+                // if already over limit, discard chunk to advance multipart request
+                Some(Ok(_chunk)) if exceeded_limit => {}
+
+                // if limit is exceeded set flag to true and continue
+                Some(Ok(chunk)) if buf.len() + chunk.len() > limit => {
+                    exceeded_limit = true;
+                    // eagerly de-allocate field data buffer
+                    let _ = mem::take(&mut buf);
+                }
+
+                Some(Ok(chunk)) => buf.extend_from_slice(&chunk),
+
+                None => return Poll::Ready(Ok(())),
+                Some(Err(err)) => return Poll::Ready(Err(err)),
+            }
+        })
+        .await
+        {
+            // propagate error returned from body poll
+            Err(err) => Ok(Err(err)),
+
+            // limit was exceeded while reading body
+            Ok(()) if exceeded_limit => Err(LimitExceeded),
+
+            // otherwise return body buffer
+            Ok(()) => Ok(Ok(buf.freeze())),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Stream for Field {
+    type Item = Result<Bytes, Error>;
+
+    fn poll_next(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Option<Self::Item>> {
+        let this = self.get_mut();
+        let mut inner = this.inner.borrow_mut();
+
+        if let Some(mut buffer) = inner
+            .payload
+            .as_ref()
+            .expect("Field should not be polled after completion")
+            .get_mut(&this.safety)
+        {
+            // check safety and poll read payload to buffer.
+            buffer.poll_stream(cx)?;
+        } else if !this.safety.is_clean() {
+            // safety violation
+            return Poll::Ready(Some(Err(Error::NotConsumed)));
+        } else {
+            return Poll::Pending;
+        }
+
+        inner.poll(&this.safety)
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for Field {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        if let Some(ct) = &self.content_type {
+            writeln!(f, "\nField: {}", ct)?;
+        } else {
+            writeln!(f, "\nField:")?;
+        }
+        writeln!(f, "  boundary: {}", self.inner.borrow().boundary)?;
+        writeln!(f, "  headers:")?;
+        for (key, val) in self.headers.iter() {
+            writeln!(f, "    {:?}: {:?}", key, val)?;
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+pub(crate) struct InnerField {
+    /// Payload is initialized as Some and is `take`n when the field stream finishes.
+    payload: Option<PayloadRef>,
+
+    /// Field boundary (without "--" prefix).
+    boundary: String,
+
+    /// True if request payload has been exhausted.
+    eof: bool,
+
+    /// Field data's stated size according to it's Content-Length header.
+    length: Option<u64>,
+}
+
+impl InnerField {
+    pub(crate) fn new_in_rc(
+        payload: PayloadRef,
+        boundary: String,
+        headers: &HeaderMap,
+    ) -> Result<Rc<RefCell<InnerField>>, PayloadError> {
+        Self::new(payload, boundary, headers).map(|this| Rc::new(RefCell::new(this)))
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn new(
+        payload: PayloadRef,
+        boundary: String,
+        headers: &HeaderMap,
+    ) -> Result<InnerField, PayloadError> {
+        let len = if let Some(len) = headers.get(&header::CONTENT_LENGTH) {
+            match len.to_str().ok().and_then(|len| len.parse::<u64>().ok()) {
+                Some(len) => Some(len),
+                None => return Err(PayloadError::Incomplete(None)),
+            }
+        } else {
+            None
+        };
+
+        Ok(InnerField {
+            boundary,
+            payload: Some(payload),
+            eof: false,
+            length: len,
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Reads body part content chunk of the specified size.
+    ///
+    /// The body part must has `Content-Length` header with proper value.
+    pub(crate) fn read_len(
+        payload: &mut PayloadBuffer,
+        size: &mut u64,
+    ) -> Poll<Option<Result<Bytes, Error>>> {
+        if *size == 0 {
+            Poll::Ready(None)
+        } else {
+            match payload.read_max(*size)? {
+                Some(mut chunk) => {
+                    let len = cmp::min(chunk.len() as u64, *size);
+                    *size -= len;
+                    let ch = chunk.split_to(len as usize);
+                    if !chunk.is_empty() {
+                        payload.unprocessed(chunk);
+                    }
+                    Poll::Ready(Some(Ok(ch)))
+                }
+                None => {
+                    if payload.eof && (*size != 0) {
+                        Poll::Ready(Some(Err(Error::Incomplete)))
+                    } else {
+                        Poll::Pending
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Reads content chunk of body part with unknown length.
+    ///
+    /// The `Content-Length` header for body part is not necessary.
+    pub(crate) fn read_stream(
+        payload: &mut PayloadBuffer,
+        boundary: &str,
+    ) -> Poll<Option<Result<Bytes, Error>>> {
+        let mut pos = 0;
+
+        let len = payload.buf.len();
+
+        if len == 0 {
+            return if payload.eof {
+                Poll::Ready(Some(Err(Error::Incomplete)))
+            } else {
+                Poll::Pending
+            };
+        }
+
+        // check boundary
+        if len > 4 && payload.buf[0] == b'\r' {
+            let b_len = if payload.buf.starts_with(b"\r\n") && &payload.buf[2..4] == b"--" {
+                Some(4)
+            } else if &payload.buf[1..3] == b"--" {
+                Some(3)
+            } else {
+                None
+            };
+
+            if let Some(b_len) = b_len {
+                let b_size = boundary.len() + b_len;
+                if len < b_size {
+                    return Poll::Pending;
+                } else if &payload.buf[b_len..b_size] == boundary.as_bytes() {
+                    // found boundary
+                    return Poll::Ready(None);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        loop {
+            return if let Some(idx) = memchr::memmem::find(&payload.buf[pos..], b"\r") {
+                let cur = pos + idx;
+
+                // check if we have enough data for boundary detection
+                if cur + 4 > len {
+                    if cur > 0 {
+                        Poll::Ready(Some(Ok(payload.buf.split_to(cur).freeze())))
+                    } else {
+                        Poll::Pending
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    // check boundary
+                    if (&payload.buf[cur..cur + 2] == b"\r\n"
+                        && &payload.buf[cur + 2..cur + 4] == b"--")
+                        || (&payload.buf[cur..=cur] == b"\r"
+                            && &payload.buf[cur + 1..cur + 3] == b"--")
+                    {
+                        if cur != 0 {
+                            // return buffer
+                            Poll::Ready(Some(Ok(payload.buf.split_to(cur).freeze())))
+                        } else {
+                            pos = cur + 1;
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        // not boundary
+                        pos = cur + 1;
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                Poll::Ready(Some(Ok(payload.buf.split().freeze())))
+            };
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn poll(&mut self, safety: &Safety) -> Poll<Option<Result<Bytes, Error>>> {
+        if self.payload.is_none() {
+            return Poll::Ready(None);
+        }
+
+        let Some(mut payload) = self
+            .payload
+            .as_ref()
+            .expect("Field should not be polled after completion")
+            .get_mut(safety)
+        else {
+            return Poll::Pending;
+        };
+
+        if !self.eof {
+            let res = if let Some(ref mut len) = self.length {
+                Self::read_len(&mut payload, len)
+            } else {
+                Self::read_stream(&mut payload, &self.boundary)
+            };
+
+            match ready!(res) {
+                Some(Ok(bytes)) => return Poll::Ready(Some(Ok(bytes))),
+                Some(Err(err)) => return Poll::Ready(Some(Err(err))),
+                None => self.eof = true,
+            }
+        }
+
+        let result = match payload.readline() {
+            Ok(None) => Poll::Pending,
+            Ok(Some(line)) => {
+                if line.as_ref() != b"\r\n" {
+                    log::warn!("multipart field did not read all the data or it is malformed");
+                }
+                Poll::Ready(None)
+            }
+            Err(err) => Poll::Ready(Some(Err(err))),
+        };
+
+        drop(payload);
+
+        if let Poll::Ready(None) = result {
+            // drop payload buffer and make future un-poll-able
+            let _ = self.payload.take();
+        }
+
+        result
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use futures_util::{stream, StreamExt as _};
+
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::Multipart;
+
+    // TODO: use test utility when multi-file support is introduced
+    fn create_double_request_with_header() -> (Bytes, HeaderMap) {
+        let bytes = Bytes::from(
+            "testasdadsad\r\n\
+             --abbc761f78ff4d7cb7573b5a23f96ef0\r\n\
+             Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"file\"; filename=\"fn.txt\"\r\n\
+             Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\r\n\
+             \r\n\
+             one+one+one\r\n\
+             --abbc761f78ff4d7cb7573b5a23f96ef0\r\n\
+             Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"file\"; filename=\"fn.txt\"\r\n\
+             Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\r\n\
+             \r\n\
+             two+two+two\r\n\
+             --abbc761f78ff4d7cb7573b5a23f96ef0--\r\n",
+        );
+        let mut headers = HeaderMap::new();
+        headers.insert(
+            header::CONTENT_TYPE,
+            header::HeaderValue::from_static(
+                "multipart/mixed; boundary=\"abbc761f78ff4d7cb7573b5a23f96ef0\"",
+            ),
+        );
+        (bytes, headers)
+    }
+
+    #[actix_rt::test]
+    async fn bytes_unlimited() {
+        let (body, headers) = create_double_request_with_header();
+
+        let mut multipart = Multipart::new(&headers, stream::iter([Ok(body)]));
+
+        let field = multipart
+            .next()
+            .await
+            .expect("multipart should have two fields")
+            .expect("multipart body should be well formatted")
+            .bytes(usize::MAX)
+            .await
+            .expect("field data should not be size limited")
+            .expect("reading field data should not error");
+        assert_eq!(field, "one+one+one");
+
+        let field = multipart
+            .next()
+            .await
+            .expect("multipart should have two fields")
+            .expect("multipart body should be well formatted")
+            .bytes(usize::MAX)
+            .await
+            .expect("field data should not be size limited")
+            .expect("reading field data should not error");
+        assert_eq!(field, "two+two+two");
+    }
+
+    #[actix_rt::test]
+    async fn bytes_limited() {
+        let (body, headers) = create_double_request_with_header();
+
+        let mut multipart = Multipart::new(&headers, stream::iter([Ok(body)]));
+
+        multipart
+            .next()
+            .await
+            .expect("multipart should have two fields")
+            .expect("multipart body should be well formatted")
+            .bytes(8) // smaller than data size
+            .await
+            .expect_err("field data should be size limited");
+
+        // next field still readable
+        let field = multipart
+            .next()
+            .await
+            .expect("multipart should have two fields")
+            .expect("multipart body should be well formatted")
+            .bytes(usize::MAX)
+            .await
+            .expect("field data should not be size limited")
+            .expect("reading field data should not error");
+        assert_eq!(field, "two+two+two");
+    }
+}
diff --git a/actix-multipart/src/form/bytes.rs b/actix-multipart/src/form/bytes.rs
index 3c5e2eb10..51b0cf7d9 100644
--- a/actix-multipart/src/form/bytes.rs
+++ b/actix-multipart/src/form/bytes.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 //! Reads a field into memory.
 
-use actix_web::HttpRequest;
-use bytes::BytesMut;
+use actix_web::{web::BytesMut, HttpRequest};
 use futures_core::future::LocalBoxFuture;
 use futures_util::TryStreamExt as _;
 use mime::Mime;
@@ -15,7 +14,7 @@ use crate::{
 #[derive(Debug)]
 pub struct Bytes {
     /// The data.
-    pub data: bytes::Bytes,
+    pub data: actix_web::web::Bytes,
 
     /// The value of the `Content-Type` header.
     pub content_type: Option<Mime>,
@@ -41,8 +40,9 @@ impl<'t> FieldReader<'t> for Bytes {
                 content_type: field.content_type().map(ToOwned::to_owned),
                 file_name: field
                     .content_disposition()
+                    .expect("multipart form fields should have a content-disposition header")
                     .get_filename()
-                    .map(str::to_owned),
+                    .map(ToOwned::to_owned),
             })
         })
     }
diff --git a/actix-multipart/src/form/json.rs b/actix-multipart/src/form/json.rs
index bb4e03bf6..70874e5de 100644
--- a/actix-multipart/src/form/json.rs
+++ b/actix-multipart/src/form/json.rs
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ where
     fn read_field(req: &'t HttpRequest, field: Field, limits: &'t mut Limits) -> Self::Future {
         Box::pin(async move {
             let config = JsonConfig::from_req(req);
-            let field_name = field.name().to_owned();
 
             if config.validate_content_type {
                 let valid = if let Some(mime) = field.content_type() {
@@ -43,17 +42,19 @@ where
 
                 if !valid {
                     return Err(MultipartError::Field {
-                        field_name,
+                        name: field.form_field_name,
                         source: config.map_error(req, JsonFieldError::ContentType),
                     });
                 }
             }
 
+            let form_field_name = field.form_field_name.clone();
+
             let bytes = Bytes::read_field(req, field, limits).await?;
 
             Ok(Json(serde_json::from_slice(bytes.data.as_ref()).map_err(
                 |err| MultipartError::Field {
-                    field_name,
+                    name: form_field_name,
                     source: config.map_error(req, JsonFieldError::Deserialize(err)),
                 },
             )?))
@@ -65,11 +66,11 @@ where
 #[non_exhaustive]
 pub enum JsonFieldError {
     /// Deserialize error.
-    #[display(fmt = "Json deserialize error: {}", _0)]
+    #[display("Json deserialize error: {}", _0)]
     Deserialize(serde_json::Error),
 
     /// Content type error.
-    #[display(fmt = "Content type error")]
+    #[display("Content type error")]
     ContentType,
 }
 
@@ -133,8 +134,7 @@ impl Default for JsonConfig {
 mod tests {
     use std::collections::HashMap;
 
-    use actix_web::{http::StatusCode, web, App, HttpResponse, Responder};
-    use bytes::Bytes;
+    use actix_web::{http::StatusCode, web, web::Bytes, App, HttpResponse, Responder};
 
     use crate::form::{
         json::{Json, JsonConfig},
diff --git a/actix-multipart/src/form/mod.rs b/actix-multipart/src/form/mod.rs
index 68cdefec5..693a45e8e 100644
--- a/actix-multipart/src/form/mod.rs
+++ b/actix-multipart/src/form/mod.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//! Process and extract typed data from a multipart stream.
+//! Extract and process typed data from fields of a `multipart/form-data` request.
 
 use std::{
     any::Any,
@@ -80,13 +80,13 @@ where
         state: &'t mut State,
         duplicate_field: DuplicateField,
     ) -> Self::Future {
-        if state.contains_key(field.name()) {
+        if state.contains_key(&field.form_field_name) {
             match duplicate_field {
                 DuplicateField::Ignore => return Box::pin(ready(Ok(()))),
 
                 DuplicateField::Deny => {
                     return Box::pin(ready(Err(MultipartError::DuplicateField(
-                        field.name().to_owned(),
+                        field.form_field_name,
                     ))))
                 }
 
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ where
         }
 
         Box::pin(async move {
-            let field_name = field.name().to_owned();
+            let field_name = field.form_field_name.clone();
             let t = T::read_field(req, field, limits).await?;
             state.insert(field_name, Box::new(t));
             Ok(())
@@ -123,10 +123,8 @@ where
         Box::pin(async move {
             // Note: Vec GroupReader always allows duplicates
 
-            let field_name = field.name().to_owned();
-
             let vec = state
-                .entry(field_name)
+                .entry(field.form_field_name.clone())
                 .or_insert_with(|| Box::<Vec<T>>::default())
                 .downcast_mut::<Vec<T>>()
                 .unwrap();
@@ -159,13 +157,13 @@ where
         state: &'t mut State,
         duplicate_field: DuplicateField,
     ) -> Self::Future {
-        if state.contains_key(field.name()) {
+        if state.contains_key(&field.form_field_name) {
             match duplicate_field {
                 DuplicateField::Ignore => return Box::pin(ready(Ok(()))),
 
                 DuplicateField::Deny => {
                     return Box::pin(ready(Err(MultipartError::DuplicateField(
-                        field.name().to_owned(),
+                        field.form_field_name,
                     ))))
                 }
 
@@ -174,7 +172,7 @@ where
         }
 
         Box::pin(async move {
-            let field_name = field.name().to_owned();
+            let field_name = field.form_field_name.clone();
             let t = T::read_field(req, field, limits).await?;
             state.insert(field_name, Box::new(t));
             Ok(())
@@ -281,6 +279,9 @@ impl Limits {
 /// [`MultipartCollect`] trait. You should use the [`macro@MultipartForm`] macro to derive this
 /// for your struct.
 ///
+/// Note that this extractor rejects requests with any other Content-Type such as `multipart/mixed`,
+/// `multipart/related`, or non-multipart media types.
+///
 /// Add a [`MultipartFormConfig`] to your app data to configure extraction.
 #[derive(Deref, DerefMut)]
 pub struct MultipartForm<T: MultipartCollect>(pub T);
@@ -294,14 +295,24 @@ impl<T: MultipartCollect> MultipartForm<T> {
 
 impl<T> FromRequest for MultipartForm<T>
 where
-    T: MultipartCollect,
+    T: MultipartCollect + 'static,
 {
     type Error = Error;
     type Future = LocalBoxFuture<'static, Result<Self, Self::Error>>;
 
     #[inline]
     fn from_request(req: &HttpRequest, payload: &mut dev::Payload) -> Self::Future {
-        let mut payload = Multipart::new(req.headers(), payload.take());
+        let mut multipart = Multipart::from_req(req, payload);
+
+        let content_type = match multipart.content_type_or_bail() {
+            Ok(content_type) => content_type,
+            Err(err) => return Box::pin(ready(Err(err.into()))),
+        };
+
+        if content_type.subtype() != mime::FORM_DATA {
+            // this extractor only supports multipart/form-data
+            return Box::pin(ready(Err(MultipartError::ContentTypeIncompatible.into())));
+        };
 
         let config = MultipartFormConfig::from_req(req);
         let mut limits = Limits::new(config.total_limit, config.memory_limit);
@@ -313,14 +324,20 @@ where
         Box::pin(
             async move {
                 let mut state = State::default();
-                // We need to ensure field limits are shared for all instances of this field name
+
+                // ensure limits are shared for all fields with this name
                 let mut field_limits = HashMap::<String, Option<usize>>::new();
 
-                while let Some(field) = payload.try_next().await? {
+                while let Some(field) = multipart.try_next().await? {
+                    debug_assert!(
+                        !field.form_field_name.is_empty(),
+                        "multipart form fields should have names",
+                    );
+
                     // Retrieve the limit for this field
                     let entry = field_limits
-                        .entry(field.name().to_owned())
-                        .or_insert_with(|| T::limit(field.name()));
+                        .entry(field.form_field_name.clone())
+                        .or_insert_with(|| T::limit(&field.form_field_name));
 
                     limits.field_limit_remaining.clone_from(entry);
 
@@ -329,6 +346,7 @@ where
                     // Update the stored limit
                     *entry = limits.field_limit_remaining;
                 }
+
                 let inner = T::from_state(state)?;
                 Ok(MultipartForm(inner))
             }
@@ -752,6 +770,41 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(response.status(), StatusCode::BAD_REQUEST);
     }
 
+    #[actix_rt::test]
+    async fn non_multipart_form_data() {
+        #[derive(MultipartForm)]
+        struct TestNonMultipartFormData {
+            #[allow(unused)]
+            #[multipart(limit = "30B")]
+            foo: Text<String>,
+        }
+
+        async fn non_multipart_form_data_route(
+            _form: MultipartForm<TestNonMultipartFormData>,
+        ) -> String {
+            unreachable!("request is sent with multipart/mixed");
+        }
+
+        let srv = actix_test::start(|| {
+            App::new().route("/", web::post().to(non_multipart_form_data_route))
+        });
+
+        let mut form = multipart::Form::default();
+        form.add_text("foo", "foo");
+
+        // mangle content-type, keeping the boundary
+        let ct = form.content_type().replacen("/form-data", "/mixed", 1);
+
+        let res = Client::default()
+            .post(srv.url("/"))
+            .content_type(ct)
+            .send_body(multipart::Body::from(form))
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE);
+    }
+
     #[should_panic(expected = "called `Result::unwrap()` on an `Err` value: Connect(Disconnected)")]
     #[actix_web::test]
     async fn field_try_next_panic() {
diff --git a/actix-multipart/src/form/tempfile.rs b/actix-multipart/src/form/tempfile.rs
index 9371a026b..218b91bff 100644
--- a/actix-multipart/src/form/tempfile.rs
+++ b/actix-multipart/src/form/tempfile.rs
@@ -42,38 +42,36 @@ impl<'t> FieldReader<'t> for TempFile {
     fn read_field(req: &'t HttpRequest, mut field: Field, limits: &'t mut Limits) -> Self::Future {
         Box::pin(async move {
             let config = TempFileConfig::from_req(req);
-            let field_name = field.name().to_owned();
             let mut size = 0;
 
-            let file = config
-                .create_tempfile()
-                .map_err(|err| config.map_error(req, &field_name, TempFileError::FileIo(err)))?;
+            let file = config.create_tempfile().map_err(|err| {
+                config.map_error(req, &field.form_field_name, TempFileError::FileIo(err))
+            })?;
 
-            let mut file_async =
-                tokio::fs::File::from_std(file.reopen().map_err(|err| {
-                    config.map_error(req, &field_name, TempFileError::FileIo(err))
-                })?);
+            let mut file_async = tokio::fs::File::from_std(file.reopen().map_err(|err| {
+                config.map_error(req, &field.form_field_name, TempFileError::FileIo(err))
+            })?);
 
             while let Some(chunk) = field.try_next().await? {
                 limits.try_consume_limits(chunk.len(), false)?;
                 size += chunk.len();
                 file_async.write_all(chunk.as_ref()).await.map_err(|err| {
-                    config.map_error(req, &field_name, TempFileError::FileIo(err))
+                    config.map_error(req, &field.form_field_name, TempFileError::FileIo(err))
                 })?;
             }
 
-            file_async
-                .flush()
-                .await
-                .map_err(|err| config.map_error(req, &field_name, TempFileError::FileIo(err)))?;
+            file_async.flush().await.map_err(|err| {
+                config.map_error(req, &field.form_field_name, TempFileError::FileIo(err))
+            })?;
 
             Ok(TempFile {
                 file,
                 content_type: field.content_type().map(ToOwned::to_owned),
                 file_name: field
                     .content_disposition()
+                    .expect("multipart form fields should have a content-disposition header")
                     .get_filename()
-                    .map(str::to_owned),
+                    .map(ToOwned::to_owned),
                 size,
             })
         })
@@ -84,7 +82,7 @@ impl<'t> FieldReader<'t> for TempFile {
 #[non_exhaustive]
 pub enum TempFileError {
     /// File I/O Error
-    #[display(fmt = "File I/O error: {}", _0)]
+    #[display("File I/O error: {}", _0)]
     FileIo(std::io::Error),
 }
 
@@ -137,7 +135,7 @@ impl TempFileConfig {
         };
 
         MultipartError::Field {
-            field_name: field_name.to_owned(),
+            name: field_name.to_owned(),
             source,
         }
     }
diff --git a/actix-multipart/src/form/text.rs b/actix-multipart/src/form/text.rs
index 83e211524..b56a20353 100644
--- a/actix-multipart/src/form/text.rs
+++ b/actix-multipart/src/form/text.rs
@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@ where
     fn read_field(req: &'t HttpRequest, field: Field, limits: &'t mut Limits) -> Self::Future {
         Box::pin(async move {
             let config = TextConfig::from_req(req);
-            let field_name = field.name().to_owned();
 
             if config.validate_content_type {
                 let valid = if let Some(mime) = field.content_type() {
@@ -49,22 +48,24 @@ where
 
                 if !valid {
                     return Err(MultipartError::Field {
-                        field_name,
+                        name: field.form_field_name,
                         source: config.map_error(req, TextError::ContentType),
                     });
                 }
             }
 
+            let form_field_name = field.form_field_name.clone();
+
             let bytes = Bytes::read_field(req, field, limits).await?;
 
             let text = str::from_utf8(&bytes.data).map_err(|err| MultipartError::Field {
-                field_name: field_name.clone(),
+                name: form_field_name.clone(),
                 source: config.map_error(req, TextError::Utf8Error(err)),
             })?;
 
             Ok(Text(serde_plain::from_str(text).map_err(|err| {
                 MultipartError::Field {
-                    field_name,
+                    name: form_field_name,
                     source: config.map_error(req, TextError::Deserialize(err)),
                 }
             })?))
@@ -76,15 +77,15 @@ where
 #[non_exhaustive]
 pub enum TextError {
     /// UTF-8 decoding error.
-    #[display(fmt = "UTF-8 decoding error: {}", _0)]
+    #[display("UTF-8 decoding error: {}", _0)]
     Utf8Error(str::Utf8Error),
 
     /// Deserialize error.
-    #[display(fmt = "Plain text deserialize error: {}", _0)]
+    #[display("Plain text deserialize error: {}", _0)]
     Deserialize(serde_plain::Error),
 
     /// Content type error.
-    #[display(fmt = "Content type error")]
+    #[display("Content type error")]
     ContentType,
 }
 
diff --git a/actix-multipart/src/lib.rs b/actix-multipart/src/lib.rs
index 51b06db38..8eea35f2e 100644
--- a/actix-multipart/src/lib.rs
+++ b/actix-multipart/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,19 @@
-//! Multipart form support for Actix Web.
+//! Multipart request & form support for Actix Web.
+//!
+//! The [`Multipart`] extractor aims to support all kinds of `multipart/*` requests, including
+//! `multipart/form-data`, `multipart/related` and `multipart/mixed`. This is a lower-level
+//! extractor which supports reading [multipart fields](Field), in the order they are sent by the
+//! client.
+//!
+//! Due to additional requirements for `multipart/form-data` requests, the higher level
+//! [`MultipartForm`] extractor and derive macro only supports this media type.
 //!
 //! # Examples
 //!
 //! ```no_run
 //! use actix_web::{post, App, HttpServer, Responder};
 //!
-//! use actix_multipart::form::{json::Json as MPJson, tempfile::TempFile, MultipartForm};
+//! use actix_multipart::form::{json::Json as MpJson, tempfile::TempFile, MultipartForm};
 //! use serde::Deserialize;
 //!
 //! #[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
@@ -17,7 +25,7 @@
 //! struct UploadForm {
 //!     #[multipart(limit = "100MB")]
 //!     file: TempFile,
-//!     json: MPJson<Metadata>,
+//!     json: MpJson<Metadata>,
 //! }
 //!
 //! #[post("/videos")]
@@ -36,10 +44,18 @@
 //!         .await
 //! }
 //! ```
+//!
+//! cURL request:
+//!
+//! ```sh
+//! curl -v --request POST \
+//!   --url http://localhost:8080/videos \
+//!   -F 'json={"name": "Cargo.lock"};type=application/json' \
+//!   -F file=@./Cargo.lock
+//! ```
+//!
+//! [`MultipartForm`]: struct@form::MultipartForm
 
-#![deny(rust_2018_idioms, nonstandard_style)]
-#![warn(future_incompatible)]
-#![allow(clippy::borrow_interior_mutable_const)]
 #![doc(html_logo_url = "https://actix.rs/img/logo.png")]
 #![doc(html_favicon_url = "https://actix.rs/favicon.ico")]
 #![cfg_attr(docsrs, feature(doc_auto_cfg))]
@@ -50,14 +66,15 @@ extern crate self as actix_multipart;
 
 mod error;
 mod extractor;
+pub(crate) mod field;
 pub mod form;
-mod server;
+mod multipart;
+pub(crate) mod payload;
+pub(crate) mod safety;
 pub mod test;
 
 pub use self::{
-    error::MultipartError,
-    server::{Field, Multipart},
-    test::{
-        create_form_data_payload_and_headers, create_form_data_payload_and_headers_with_boundary,
-    },
+    error::Error as MultipartError,
+    field::{Field, LimitExceeded},
+    multipart::Multipart,
 };
diff --git a/actix-multipart/src/multipart.rs b/actix-multipart/src/multipart.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e38fbde9e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actix-multipart/src/multipart.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,883 @@
+//! Multipart response payload support.
+
+use std::{
+    cell::RefCell,
+    pin::Pin,
+    rc::Rc,
+    task::{Context, Poll},
+};
+
+use actix_web::{
+    dev,
+    error::{ParseError, PayloadError},
+    http::header::{self, ContentDisposition, HeaderMap, HeaderName, HeaderValue},
+    web::Bytes,
+    HttpRequest,
+};
+use futures_core::stream::Stream;
+use mime::Mime;
+
+use crate::{
+    error::Error,
+    field::InnerField,
+    payload::{PayloadBuffer, PayloadRef},
+    safety::Safety,
+    Field,
+};
+
+const MAX_HEADERS: usize = 32;
+
+/// The server-side implementation of `multipart/form-data` requests.
+///
+/// This will parse the incoming stream into `MultipartItem` instances via its `Stream`
+/// implementation. `MultipartItem::Field` contains multipart field. `MultipartItem::Multipart` is
+/// used for nested multipart streams.
+pub struct Multipart {
+    flow: Flow,
+    safety: Safety,
+}
+
+enum Flow {
+    InFlight(Inner),
+
+    /// Error container is Some until an error is returned out of the flow.
+    Error(Option<Error>),
+}
+
+impl Multipart {
+    /// Creates multipart instance from parts.
+    pub fn new<S>(headers: &HeaderMap, stream: S) -> Self
+    where
+        S: Stream<Item = Result<Bytes, PayloadError>> + 'static,
+    {
+        match Self::find_ct_and_boundary(headers) {
+            Ok((ct, boundary)) => Self::from_ct_and_boundary(ct, boundary, stream),
+            Err(err) => Self::from_error(err),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Creates multipart instance from parts.
+    pub(crate) fn from_req(req: &HttpRequest, payload: &mut dev::Payload) -> Self {
+        match Self::find_ct_and_boundary(req.headers()) {
+            Ok((ct, boundary)) => Self::from_ct_and_boundary(ct, boundary, payload.take()),
+            Err(err) => Self::from_error(err),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Extract Content-Type and boundary info from headers.
+    pub(crate) fn find_ct_and_boundary(headers: &HeaderMap) -> Result<(Mime, String), Error> {
+        let content_type = headers
+            .get(&header::CONTENT_TYPE)
+            .ok_or(Error::ContentTypeMissing)?
+            .to_str()
+            .ok()
+            .and_then(|content_type| content_type.parse::<Mime>().ok())
+            .ok_or(Error::ContentTypeParse)?;
+
+        if content_type.type_() != mime::MULTIPART {
+            return Err(Error::ContentTypeIncompatible);
+        }
+
+        let boundary = content_type
+            .get_param(mime::BOUNDARY)
+            .ok_or(Error::BoundaryMissing)?
+            .as_str()
+            .to_owned();
+
+        Ok((content_type, boundary))
+    }
+
+    /// Constructs a new multipart reader from given Content-Type, boundary, and stream.
+    pub(crate) fn from_ct_and_boundary<S>(ct: Mime, boundary: String, stream: S) -> Multipart
+    where
+        S: Stream<Item = Result<Bytes, PayloadError>> + 'static,
+    {
+        Multipart {
+            safety: Safety::new(),
+            flow: Flow::InFlight(Inner {
+                payload: PayloadRef::new(PayloadBuffer::new(stream)),
+                content_type: ct,
+                boundary,
+                state: State::FirstBoundary,
+                item: Item::None,
+            }),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Constructs a new multipart reader from given `MultipartError`.
+    pub(crate) fn from_error(err: Error) -> Multipart {
+        Multipart {
+            flow: Flow::Error(Some(err)),
+            safety: Safety::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Return requests parsed Content-Type or raise the stored error.
+    pub(crate) fn content_type_or_bail(&mut self) -> Result<mime::Mime, Error> {
+        match self.flow {
+            Flow::InFlight(ref inner) => Ok(inner.content_type.clone()),
+            Flow::Error(ref mut err) => Err(err
+                .take()
+                .expect("error should not be taken after it was returned")),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Stream for Multipart {
+    type Item = Result<Field, Error>;
+
+    fn poll_next(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Option<Self::Item>> {
+        let this = self.get_mut();
+
+        match this.flow {
+            Flow::InFlight(ref mut inner) => {
+                if let Some(mut buffer) = inner.payload.get_mut(&this.safety) {
+                    // check safety and poll read payload to buffer.
+                    buffer.poll_stream(cx)?;
+                } else if !this.safety.is_clean() {
+                    // safety violation
+                    return Poll::Ready(Some(Err(Error::NotConsumed)));
+                } else {
+                    return Poll::Pending;
+                }
+
+                inner.poll(&this.safety, cx)
+            }
+
+            Flow::Error(ref mut err) => Poll::Ready(Some(Err(err
+                .take()
+                .expect("Multipart polled after finish")))),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(PartialEq, Debug)]
+enum State {
+    /// Skip data until first boundary.
+    FirstBoundary,
+
+    /// Reading boundary.
+    Boundary,
+
+    /// Reading Headers.
+    Headers,
+
+    /// Stream EOF.
+    Eof,
+}
+
+enum Item {
+    None,
+    Field(Rc<RefCell<InnerField>>),
+}
+
+struct Inner {
+    /// Request's payload stream & buffer.
+    payload: PayloadRef,
+
+    /// Request's Content-Type.
+    ///
+    /// Guaranteed to have "multipart" top-level media type, i.e., `multipart/*`.
+    content_type: Mime,
+
+    /// Field boundary.
+    boundary: String,
+
+    state: State,
+    item: Item,
+}
+
+impl Inner {
+    fn read_field_headers(payload: &mut PayloadBuffer) -> Result<Option<HeaderMap>, Error> {
+        match payload.read_until(b"\r\n\r\n")? {
+            None => {
+                if payload.eof {
+                    Err(Error::Incomplete)
+                } else {
+                    Ok(None)
+                }
+            }
+
+            Some(bytes) => {
+                let mut hdrs = [httparse::EMPTY_HEADER; MAX_HEADERS];
+
+                match httparse::parse_headers(&bytes, &mut hdrs).map_err(ParseError::from)? {
+                    httparse::Status::Complete((_, hdrs)) => {
+                        // convert headers
+                        let mut headers = HeaderMap::with_capacity(hdrs.len());
+
+                        for h in hdrs {
+                            let name =
+                                HeaderName::try_from(h.name).map_err(|_| ParseError::Header)?;
+                            let value =
+                                HeaderValue::try_from(h.value).map_err(|_| ParseError::Header)?;
+                            headers.append(name, value);
+                        }
+
+                        Ok(Some(headers))
+                    }
+
+                    httparse::Status::Partial => Err(ParseError::Header.into()),
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Reads a field boundary from the payload buffer (and discards it).
+    ///
+    /// Reads "in-between" and "final" boundaries. E.g. for boundary = "foo":
+    ///
+    /// ```plain
+    /// --foo    <-- in-between fields
+    /// --foo--  <-- end of request body, should be followed by EOF
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// Returns:
+    ///
+    /// - `Ok(Some(true))` - final field boundary read (EOF)
+    /// - `Ok(Some(false))` - field boundary read
+    /// - `Ok(None)` - boundary not found, more data needs reading
+    /// - `Err(BoundaryMissing)` - multipart boundary is missing
+    fn read_boundary(payload: &mut PayloadBuffer, boundary: &str) -> Result<Option<bool>, Error> {
+        // TODO: need to read epilogue
+        let chunk = match payload.readline_or_eof()? {
+            // TODO: this might be okay as a let Some() else return Ok(None)
+            None => return Ok(payload.eof.then_some(true)),
+            Some(chunk) => chunk,
+        };
+
+        const BOUNDARY_MARKER: &[u8] = b"--";
+        const LINE_BREAK: &[u8] = b"\r\n";
+
+        let boundary_len = boundary.len();
+
+        if chunk.len() < boundary_len + 2 + 2
+            || !chunk.starts_with(BOUNDARY_MARKER)
+            || &chunk[2..boundary_len + 2] != boundary.as_bytes()
+        {
+            return Err(Error::BoundaryMissing);
+        }
+
+        // chunk facts:
+        // - long enough to contain boundary + 2 markers or 1 marker and line-break
+        // - starts with boundary marker
+        // - chunk contains correct boundary
+
+        if &chunk[boundary_len + 2..] == LINE_BREAK {
+            // boundary is followed by line-break, indicating more fields to come
+            return Ok(Some(false));
+        }
+
+        // boundary is followed by marker
+        if &chunk[boundary_len + 2..boundary_len + 4] == BOUNDARY_MARKER
+            && (
+                // chunk is exactly boundary len + 2 markers
+                chunk.len() == boundary_len + 2 + 2
+                // final boundary is allowed to end with a line-break
+                || &chunk[boundary_len + 4..] == LINE_BREAK
+            )
+        {
+            return Ok(Some(true));
+        }
+
+        Err(Error::BoundaryMissing)
+    }
+
+    fn skip_until_boundary(
+        payload: &mut PayloadBuffer,
+        boundary: &str,
+    ) -> Result<Option<bool>, Error> {
+        let mut eof = false;
+
+        loop {
+            match payload.readline()? {
+                Some(chunk) => {
+                    if chunk.is_empty() {
+                        return Err(Error::BoundaryMissing);
+                    }
+                    if chunk.len() < boundary.len() {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    if &chunk[..2] == b"--" && &chunk[2..chunk.len() - 2] == boundary.as_bytes() {
+                        break;
+                    } else {
+                        if chunk.len() < boundary.len() + 2 {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                        let b: &[u8] = boundary.as_ref();
+                        if &chunk[..boundary.len()] == b
+                            && &chunk[boundary.len()..boundary.len() + 2] == b"--"
+                        {
+                            eof = true;
+                            break;
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                None => {
+                    return if payload.eof {
+                        Err(Error::Incomplete)
+                    } else {
+                        Ok(None)
+                    };
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        Ok(Some(eof))
+    }
+
+    fn poll(&mut self, safety: &Safety, cx: &Context<'_>) -> Poll<Option<Result<Field, Error>>> {
+        if self.state == State::Eof {
+            Poll::Ready(None)
+        } else {
+            // release field
+            loop {
+                // Nested multipart streams of fields has to be consumed
+                // before switching to next
+                if safety.current() {
+                    let stop = match self.item {
+                        Item::Field(ref mut field) => match field.borrow_mut().poll(safety) {
+                            Poll::Pending => return Poll::Pending,
+                            Poll::Ready(Some(Ok(_))) => continue,
+                            Poll::Ready(Some(Err(err))) => return Poll::Ready(Some(Err(err))),
+                            Poll::Ready(None) => true,
+                        },
+                        Item::None => false,
+                    };
+                    if stop {
+                        self.item = Item::None;
+                    }
+                    if let Item::None = self.item {
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            let field_headers = if let Some(mut payload) = self.payload.get_mut(safety) {
+                match self.state {
+                    // read until first boundary
+                    State::FirstBoundary => {
+                        match Inner::skip_until_boundary(&mut payload, &self.boundary)? {
+                            None => return Poll::Pending,
+                            Some(eof) => {
+                                if eof {
+                                    self.state = State::Eof;
+                                    return Poll::Ready(None);
+                                } else {
+                                    self.state = State::Headers;
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    // read boundary
+                    State::Boundary => match Inner::read_boundary(&mut payload, &self.boundary)? {
+                        None => return Poll::Pending,
+                        Some(eof) => {
+                            if eof {
+                                self.state = State::Eof;
+                                return Poll::Ready(None);
+                            } else {
+                                self.state = State::Headers;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    },
+
+                    _ => {}
+                }
+
+                // read field headers for next field
+                if self.state == State::Headers {
+                    if let Some(headers) = Inner::read_field_headers(&mut payload)? {
+                        self.state = State::Boundary;
+                        headers
+                    } else {
+                        return Poll::Pending;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    unreachable!()
+                }
+            } else {
+                log::debug!("NotReady: field is in flight");
+                return Poll::Pending;
+            };
+
+            let field_content_disposition = field_headers
+                .get(&header::CONTENT_DISPOSITION)
+                .and_then(|cd| ContentDisposition::from_raw(cd).ok())
+                .filter(|content_disposition| {
+                    matches!(
+                        content_disposition.disposition,
+                        header::DispositionType::FormData,
+                    )
+                });
+
+            let form_field_name = if self.content_type.subtype() == mime::FORM_DATA {
+                // According to RFC 7578 §4.2, which relates to "multipart/form-data" requests
+                // specifically, fields must have a Content-Disposition header, its disposition
+                // type must be set as "form-data", and it must have a name parameter.
+
+                let Some(cd) = &field_content_disposition else {
+                    return Poll::Ready(Some(Err(Error::ContentDispositionMissing)));
+                };
+
+                let Some(field_name) = cd.get_name() else {
+                    return Poll::Ready(Some(Err(Error::ContentDispositionNameMissing)));
+                };
+
+                Some(field_name.to_owned())
+            } else {
+                None
+            };
+
+            // TODO: check out other multipart/* RFCs for specific requirements
+
+            let field_content_type: Option<Mime> = field_headers
+                .get(&header::CONTENT_TYPE)
+                .and_then(|ct| ct.to_str().ok())
+                .and_then(|ct| ct.parse().ok());
+
+            self.state = State::Boundary;
+
+            // nested multipart stream is not supported
+            if let Some(mime) = &field_content_type {
+                if mime.type_() == mime::MULTIPART {
+                    return Poll::Ready(Some(Err(Error::Nested)));
+                }
+            }
+
+            let field_inner =
+                InnerField::new_in_rc(self.payload.clone(), self.boundary.clone(), &field_headers)?;
+
+            self.item = Item::Field(Rc::clone(&field_inner));
+
+            Poll::Ready(Some(Ok(Field::new(
+                field_content_type,
+                field_content_disposition,
+                form_field_name,
+                field_headers,
+                safety.clone(cx),
+                field_inner,
+            ))))
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for Inner {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        // InnerMultipartItem::Field has to be dropped first because of Safety.
+        self.item = Item::None;
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use std::time::Duration;
+
+    use actix_http::h1;
+    use actix_web::{
+        http::header::{DispositionParam, DispositionType},
+        rt,
+        test::TestRequest,
+        web::{BufMut as _, BytesMut},
+        FromRequest,
+    };
+    use assert_matches::assert_matches;
+    use futures_test::stream::StreamTestExt as _;
+    use futures_util::{stream, StreamExt as _};
+    use tokio::sync::mpsc;
+    use tokio_stream::wrappers::UnboundedReceiverStream;
+
+    use super::*;
+
+    const BOUNDARY: &str = "abbc761f78ff4d7cb7573b5a23f96ef0";
+
+    #[actix_rt::test]
+    async fn test_boundary() {
+        let headers = HeaderMap::new();
+        match Multipart::find_ct_and_boundary(&headers) {
+            Err(Error::ContentTypeMissing) => {}
+            _ => unreachable!("should not happen"),
+        }
+
+        let mut headers = HeaderMap::new();
+        headers.insert(
+            header::CONTENT_TYPE,
+            header::HeaderValue::from_static("test"),
+        );
+
+        match Multipart::find_ct_and_boundary(&headers) {
+            Err(Error::ContentTypeParse) => {}
+            _ => unreachable!("should not happen"),
+        }
+
+        let mut headers = HeaderMap::new();
+        headers.insert(
+            header::CONTENT_TYPE,
+            header::HeaderValue::from_static("multipart/mixed"),
+        );
+        match Multipart::find_ct_and_boundary(&headers) {
+            Err(Error::BoundaryMissing) => {}
+            _ => unreachable!("should not happen"),
+        }
+
+        let mut headers = HeaderMap::new();
+        headers.insert(
+            header::CONTENT_TYPE,
+            header::HeaderValue::from_static(
+                "multipart/mixed; boundary=\"5c02368e880e436dab70ed54e1c58209\"",
+            ),
+        );
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            Multipart::find_ct_and_boundary(&headers).unwrap().1,
+            "5c02368e880e436dab70ed54e1c58209",
+        );
+    }
+
+    fn create_stream() -> (
+        mpsc::UnboundedSender<Result<Bytes, PayloadError>>,
+        impl Stream<Item = Result<Bytes, PayloadError>>,
+    ) {
+        let (tx, rx) = mpsc::unbounded_channel();
+
+        (
+            tx,
+            UnboundedReceiverStream::new(rx).map(|res| res.map_err(|_| panic!())),
+        )
+    }
+
+    fn create_simple_request_with_header() -> (Bytes, HeaderMap) {
+        let (body, headers) = crate::test::create_form_data_payload_and_headers_with_boundary(
+            BOUNDARY,
+            "file",
+            Some("fn.txt".to_owned()),
+            Some(mime::TEXT_PLAIN_UTF_8),
+            Bytes::from_static(b"data"),
+        );
+
+        let mut buf = BytesMut::with_capacity(body.len() + 14);
+
+        // add junk before form to test pre-boundary data rejection
+        buf.put("testasdadsad\r\n".as_bytes());
+
+        buf.put(body);
+
+        (buf.freeze(), headers)
+    }
+
+    // TODO: use test utility when multi-file support is introduced
+    fn create_double_request_with_header() -> (Bytes, HeaderMap) {
+        let bytes = Bytes::from(
+            "testasdadsad\r\n\
+             --abbc761f78ff4d7cb7573b5a23f96ef0\r\n\
+             Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"file\"; filename=\"fn.txt\"\r\n\
+             Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\r\nContent-Length: 4\r\n\r\n\
+             test\r\n\
+             --abbc761f78ff4d7cb7573b5a23f96ef0\r\n\
+             Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"file\"; filename=\"fn.txt\"\r\n\
+             Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\r\nContent-Length: 4\r\n\r\n\
+             data\r\n\
+             --abbc761f78ff4d7cb7573b5a23f96ef0--\r\n",
+        );
+        let mut headers = HeaderMap::new();
+        headers.insert(
+            header::CONTENT_TYPE,
+            header::HeaderValue::from_static(
+                "multipart/mixed; boundary=\"abbc761f78ff4d7cb7573b5a23f96ef0\"",
+            ),
+        );
+        (bytes, headers)
+    }
+
+    #[actix_rt::test]
+    async fn test_multipart_no_end_crlf() {
+        let (sender, payload) = create_stream();
+        let (mut bytes, headers) = create_double_request_with_header();
+        let bytes_stripped = bytes.split_to(bytes.len()); // strip crlf
+
+        sender.send(Ok(bytes_stripped)).unwrap();
+        drop(sender); // eof
+
+        let mut multipart = Multipart::new(&headers, payload);
+
+        match multipart.next().await.unwrap() {
+            Ok(_) => {}
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+
+        match multipart.next().await.unwrap() {
+            Ok(_) => {}
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+
+        match multipart.next().await {
+            None => {}
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[actix_rt::test]
+    async fn test_multipart() {
+        let (sender, payload) = create_stream();
+        let (bytes, headers) = create_double_request_with_header();
+
+        sender.send(Ok(bytes)).unwrap();
+
+        let mut multipart = Multipart::new(&headers, payload);
+        match multipart.next().await {
+            Some(Ok(mut field)) => {
+                let cd = field.content_disposition().unwrap();
+                assert_eq!(cd.disposition, DispositionType::FormData);
+                assert_eq!(cd.parameters[0], DispositionParam::Name("file".into()));
+
+                assert_eq!(field.content_type().unwrap().type_(), mime::TEXT);
+                assert_eq!(field.content_type().unwrap().subtype(), mime::PLAIN);
+
+                match field.next().await.unwrap() {
+                    Ok(chunk) => assert_eq!(chunk, "test"),
+                    _ => unreachable!(),
+                }
+                match field.next().await {
+                    None => {}
+                    _ => unreachable!(),
+                }
+            }
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+
+        match multipart.next().await.unwrap() {
+            Ok(mut field) => {
+                assert_eq!(field.content_type().unwrap().type_(), mime::TEXT);
+                assert_eq!(field.content_type().unwrap().subtype(), mime::PLAIN);
+
+                match field.next().await {
+                    Some(Ok(chunk)) => assert_eq!(chunk, "data"),
+                    _ => unreachable!(),
+                }
+                match field.next().await {
+                    None => {}
+                    _ => unreachable!(),
+                }
+            }
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+
+        match multipart.next().await {
+            None => {}
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Loops, collecting all bytes until end-of-field
+    async fn get_whole_field(field: &mut Field) -> BytesMut {
+        let mut b = BytesMut::new();
+        loop {
+            match field.next().await {
+                Some(Ok(chunk)) => b.extend_from_slice(&chunk),
+                None => return b,
+                _ => unreachable!(),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[actix_rt::test]
+    async fn test_stream() {
+        let (bytes, headers) = create_double_request_with_header();
+        let payload = stream::iter(bytes)
+            .map(|byte| Ok(Bytes::copy_from_slice(&[byte])))
+            .interleave_pending();
+
+        let mut multipart = Multipart::new(&headers, payload);
+        match multipart.next().await.unwrap() {
+            Ok(mut field) => {
+                let cd = field.content_disposition().unwrap();
+                assert_eq!(cd.disposition, DispositionType::FormData);
+                assert_eq!(cd.parameters[0], DispositionParam::Name("file".into()));
+
+                assert_eq!(field.content_type().unwrap().type_(), mime::TEXT);
+                assert_eq!(field.content_type().unwrap().subtype(), mime::PLAIN);
+
+                assert_eq!(get_whole_field(&mut field).await, "test");
+            }
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+
+        match multipart.next().await {
+            Some(Ok(mut field)) => {
+                assert_eq!(field.content_type().unwrap().type_(), mime::TEXT);
+                assert_eq!(field.content_type().unwrap().subtype(), mime::PLAIN);
+
+                assert_eq!(get_whole_field(&mut field).await, "data");
+            }
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+
+        match multipart.next().await {
+            None => {}
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[actix_rt::test]
+    async fn test_multipart_from_error() {
+        let err = Error::ContentTypeMissing;
+        let mut multipart = Multipart::from_error(err);
+        assert!(multipart.next().await.unwrap().is_err())
+    }
+
+    #[actix_rt::test]
+    async fn test_multipart_from_boundary() {
+        let (_, payload) = create_stream();
+        let (_, headers) = create_simple_request_with_header();
+        let (ct, boundary) = Multipart::find_ct_and_boundary(&headers).unwrap();
+        let _ = Multipart::from_ct_and_boundary(ct, boundary, payload);
+    }
+
+    #[actix_rt::test]
+    async fn test_multipart_payload_consumption() {
+        // with sample payload and HttpRequest with no headers
+        let (_, inner_payload) = h1::Payload::create(false);
+        let mut payload = actix_web::dev::Payload::from(inner_payload);
+        let req = TestRequest::default().to_http_request();
+
+        // multipart should generate an error
+        let mut mp = Multipart::from_request(&req, &mut payload).await.unwrap();
+        assert!(mp.next().await.unwrap().is_err());
+
+        // and should not consume the payload
+        match payload {
+            actix_web::dev::Payload::H1 { .. } => {} //expected
+            _ => unreachable!(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[actix_rt::test]
+    async fn no_content_disposition_form_data() {
+        let bytes = Bytes::from(
+            "testasdadsad\r\n\
+             --abbc761f78ff4d7cb7573b5a23f96ef0\r\n\
+             Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\r\n\
+             Content-Length: 4\r\n\
+             \r\n\
+             test\r\n\
+             --abbc761f78ff4d7cb7573b5a23f96ef0\r\n",
+        );
+        let mut headers = HeaderMap::new();
+        headers.insert(
+            header::CONTENT_TYPE,
+            header::HeaderValue::from_static(
+                "multipart/form-data; boundary=\"abbc761f78ff4d7cb7573b5a23f96ef0\"",
+            ),
+        );
+        let payload = stream::iter(bytes)
+            .map(|byte| Ok(Bytes::copy_from_slice(&[byte])))
+            .interleave_pending();
+
+        let mut multipart = Multipart::new(&headers, payload);
+        let res = multipart.next().await.unwrap();
+        assert_matches!(
+            res.expect_err(
+                "according to RFC 7578, form-data fields require a content-disposition header"
+            ),
+            Error::ContentDispositionMissing
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[actix_rt::test]
+    async fn no_content_disposition_non_form_data() {
+        let bytes = Bytes::from(
+            "testasdadsad\r\n\
+             --abbc761f78ff4d7cb7573b5a23f96ef0\r\n\
+             Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\r\n\
+             Content-Length: 4\r\n\
+             \r\n\
+             test\r\n\
+             --abbc761f78ff4d7cb7573b5a23f96ef0\r\n",
+        );
+        let mut headers = HeaderMap::new();
+        headers.insert(
+            header::CONTENT_TYPE,
+            header::HeaderValue::from_static(
+                "multipart/mixed; boundary=\"abbc761f78ff4d7cb7573b5a23f96ef0\"",
+            ),
+        );
+        let payload = stream::iter(bytes)
+            .map(|byte| Ok(Bytes::copy_from_slice(&[byte])))
+            .interleave_pending();
+
+        let mut multipart = Multipart::new(&headers, payload);
+        let res = multipart.next().await.unwrap();
+        res.unwrap();
+    }
+
+    #[actix_rt::test]
+    async fn no_name_in_form_data_content_disposition() {
+        let bytes = Bytes::from(
+            "testasdadsad\r\n\
+             --abbc761f78ff4d7cb7573b5a23f96ef0\r\n\
+             Content-Disposition: form-data; filename=\"fn.txt\"\r\n\
+             Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\r\n\
+             Content-Length: 4\r\n\
+             \r\n\
+             test\r\n\
+             --abbc761f78ff4d7cb7573b5a23f96ef0\r\n",
+        );
+        let mut headers = HeaderMap::new();
+        headers.insert(
+            header::CONTENT_TYPE,
+            header::HeaderValue::from_static(
+                "multipart/form-data; boundary=\"abbc761f78ff4d7cb7573b5a23f96ef0\"",
+            ),
+        );
+        let payload = stream::iter(bytes)
+            .map(|byte| Ok(Bytes::copy_from_slice(&[byte])))
+            .interleave_pending();
+
+        let mut multipart = Multipart::new(&headers, payload);
+        let res = multipart.next().await.unwrap();
+        assert_matches!(
+            res.expect_err("according to RFC 7578, form-data fields require a name attribute"),
+            Error::ContentDispositionNameMissing
+        );
+    }
+
+    #[actix_rt::test]
+    async fn test_drop_multipart_dont_hang() {
+        let (sender, payload) = create_stream();
+        let (bytes, headers) = create_simple_request_with_header();
+        sender.send(Ok(bytes)).unwrap();
+        drop(sender); // eof
+
+        let mut multipart = Multipart::new(&headers, payload);
+        let mut field = multipart.next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
+
+        drop(multipart);
+
+        // should fail immediately
+        match field.next().await {
+            Some(Err(Error::NotConsumed)) => {}
+            _ => panic!(),
+        };
+    }
+
+    #[actix_rt::test]
+    async fn test_drop_field_awaken_multipart() {
+        let (sender, payload) = create_stream();
+        let (bytes, headers) = create_double_request_with_header();
+        sender.send(Ok(bytes)).unwrap();
+        drop(sender); // eof
+
+        let mut multipart = Multipart::new(&headers, payload);
+        let mut field = multipart.next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
+
+        let task = rt::spawn(async move {
+            rt::time::sleep(Duration::from_millis(500)).await;
+            assert_eq!(field.next().await.unwrap().unwrap(), "test");
+            drop(field);
+        });
+
+        // dropping field should awaken current task
+        let _ = multipart.next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
+        task.await.unwrap();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/actix-multipart/src/payload.rs b/actix-multipart/src/payload.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..858634bc0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actix-multipart/src/payload.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
+use std::{
+    cell::{RefCell, RefMut},
+    cmp, mem,
+    pin::Pin,
+    rc::Rc,
+    task::{Context, Poll},
+};
+
+use actix_web::{
+    error::PayloadError,
+    web::{Bytes, BytesMut},
+};
+use futures_core::stream::{LocalBoxStream, Stream};
+
+use crate::{error::Error, safety::Safety};
+
+pub(crate) struct PayloadRef {
+    payload: Rc<RefCell<PayloadBuffer>>,
+}
+
+impl PayloadRef {
+    pub(crate) fn new(payload: PayloadBuffer) -> PayloadRef {
+        PayloadRef {
+            payload: Rc::new(RefCell::new(payload)),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn get_mut(&self, safety: &Safety) -> Option<RefMut<'_, PayloadBuffer>> {
+        if safety.current() {
+            Some(self.payload.borrow_mut())
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Clone for PayloadRef {
+    fn clone(&self) -> PayloadRef {
+        PayloadRef {
+            payload: Rc::clone(&self.payload),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Payload buffer.
+pub(crate) struct PayloadBuffer {
+    pub(crate) stream: LocalBoxStream<'static, Result<Bytes, PayloadError>>,
+    pub(crate) buf: BytesMut,
+    /// EOF flag. If true, no more payload reads will be attempted.
+    pub(crate) eof: bool,
+}
+
+impl PayloadBuffer {
+    /// Constructs new payload buffer.
+    pub(crate) fn new<S>(stream: S) -> Self
+    where
+        S: Stream<Item = Result<Bytes, PayloadError>> + 'static,
+    {
+        PayloadBuffer {
+            stream: Box::pin(stream),
+            buf: BytesMut::with_capacity(1_024), // pre-allocate 1KiB
+            eof: false,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn poll_stream(&mut self, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Result<(), PayloadError> {
+        loop {
+            match Pin::new(&mut self.stream).poll_next(cx) {
+                Poll::Ready(Some(Ok(data))) => {
+                    self.buf.extend_from_slice(&data);
+                    // try to read more data
+                    continue;
+                }
+                Poll::Ready(Some(Err(err))) => return Err(err),
+                Poll::Ready(None) => {
+                    self.eof = true;
+                    return Ok(());
+                }
+                Poll::Pending => return Ok(()),
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Reads exact number of bytes.
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    pub(crate) fn read_exact(&mut self, size: usize) -> Option<Bytes> {
+        if size <= self.buf.len() {
+            Some(self.buf.split_to(size).freeze())
+        } else {
+            None
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn read_max(&mut self, size: u64) -> Result<Option<Bytes>, Error> {
+        if !self.buf.is_empty() {
+            let size = cmp::min(self.buf.len() as u64, size) as usize;
+            Ok(Some(self.buf.split_to(size).freeze()))
+        } else if self.eof {
+            Err(Error::Incomplete)
+        } else {
+            Ok(None)
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Reads until specified ending.
+    ///
+    /// Returns:
+    ///
+    /// - `Ok(Some(chunk))` - `needle` is found, with chunk ending after needle
+    /// - `Err(Incomplete)` - `needle` is not found and we're at EOF
+    /// - `Ok(None)` - `needle` is not found otherwise
+    pub(crate) fn read_until(&mut self, needle: &[u8]) -> Result<Option<Bytes>, Error> {
+        match memchr::memmem::find(&self.buf, needle) {
+            // buffer exhausted and EOF without finding needle
+            None if self.eof => Err(Error::Incomplete),
+
+            // needle not yet found
+            None => Ok(None),
+
+            // needle found, split chunk out of buf
+            Some(idx) => Ok(Some(self.buf.split_to(idx + needle.len()).freeze())),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Reads bytes until new line delimiter (`\n`, `0x0A`).
+    ///
+    /// Returns:
+    ///
+    /// - `Ok(Some(chunk))` - `needle` is found, with chunk ending after needle
+    /// - `Err(Incomplete)` - `needle` is not found and we're at EOF
+    /// - `Ok(None)` - `needle` is not found otherwise
+    #[inline]
+    pub(crate) fn readline(&mut self) -> Result<Option<Bytes>, Error> {
+        self.read_until(b"\n")
+    }
+
+    /// Reads bytes until new line delimiter or until EOF.
+    #[inline]
+    pub(crate) fn readline_or_eof(&mut self) -> Result<Option<Bytes>, Error> {
+        match self.readline() {
+            Err(Error::Incomplete) if self.eof => Ok(Some(self.buf.split().freeze())),
+            line => line,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Puts unprocessed data back to the buffer.
+    pub(crate) fn unprocessed(&mut self, data: Bytes) {
+        // TODO: use BytesMut::from when it's released, see https://github.com/tokio-rs/bytes/pull/710
+        let buf = BytesMut::from(&data[..]);
+        let buf = mem::replace(&mut self.buf, buf);
+        self.buf.extend_from_slice(&buf);
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use actix_http::h1;
+    use futures_util::future::lazy;
+
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[actix_rt::test]
+    async fn basic() {
+        let (_, payload) = h1::Payload::create(false);
+        let mut payload = PayloadBuffer::new(payload);
+
+        assert_eq!(payload.buf.len(), 0);
+        lazy(|cx| payload.poll_stream(cx)).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(None, payload.read_max(1).unwrap());
+    }
+
+    #[actix_rt::test]
+    async fn eof() {
+        let (mut sender, payload) = h1::Payload::create(false);
+        let mut payload = PayloadBuffer::new(payload);
+
+        assert_eq!(None, payload.read_max(4).unwrap());
+        sender.feed_data(Bytes::from("data"));
+        sender.feed_eof();
+        lazy(|cx| payload.poll_stream(cx)).await.unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(Some(Bytes::from("data")), payload.read_max(4).unwrap());
+        assert_eq!(payload.buf.len(), 0);
+        assert!(payload.read_max(1).is_err());
+        assert!(payload.eof);
+    }
+
+    #[actix_rt::test]
+    async fn err() {
+        let (mut sender, payload) = h1::Payload::create(false);
+        let mut payload = PayloadBuffer::new(payload);
+        assert_eq!(None, payload.read_max(1).unwrap());
+        sender.set_error(PayloadError::Incomplete(None));
+        lazy(|cx| payload.poll_stream(cx)).await.err().unwrap();
+    }
+
+    #[actix_rt::test]
+    async fn read_max() {
+        let (mut sender, payload) = h1::Payload::create(false);
+        let mut payload = PayloadBuffer::new(payload);
+
+        sender.feed_data(Bytes::from("line1"));
+        sender.feed_data(Bytes::from("line2"));
+        lazy(|cx| payload.poll_stream(cx)).await.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(payload.buf.len(), 10);
+
+        assert_eq!(Some(Bytes::from("line1")), payload.read_max(5).unwrap());
+        assert_eq!(payload.buf.len(), 5);
+
+        assert_eq!(Some(Bytes::from("line2")), payload.read_max(5).unwrap());
+        assert_eq!(payload.buf.len(), 0);
+    }
+
+    #[actix_rt::test]
+    async fn read_exactly() {
+        let (mut sender, payload) = h1::Payload::create(false);
+        let mut payload = PayloadBuffer::new(payload);
+
+        assert_eq!(None, payload.read_exact(2));
+
+        sender.feed_data(Bytes::from("line1"));
+        sender.feed_data(Bytes::from("line2"));
+        lazy(|cx| payload.poll_stream(cx)).await.unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(Some(Bytes::from_static(b"li")), payload.read_exact(2));
+        assert_eq!(payload.buf.len(), 8);
+
+        assert_eq!(Some(Bytes::from_static(b"ne1l")), payload.read_exact(4));
+        assert_eq!(payload.buf.len(), 4);
+    }
+
+    #[actix_rt::test]
+    async fn read_until() {
+        let (mut sender, payload) = h1::Payload::create(false);
+        let mut payload = PayloadBuffer::new(payload);
+
+        assert_eq!(None, payload.read_until(b"ne").unwrap());
+
+        sender.feed_data(Bytes::from("line1"));
+        sender.feed_data(Bytes::from("line2"));
+        lazy(|cx| payload.poll_stream(cx)).await.unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            Some(Bytes::from("line")),
+            payload.read_until(b"ne").unwrap()
+        );
+        assert_eq!(payload.buf.len(), 6);
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            Some(Bytes::from("1line2")),
+            payload.read_until(b"2").unwrap()
+        );
+        assert_eq!(payload.buf.len(), 0);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/actix-multipart/src/safety.rs b/actix-multipart/src/safety.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..db6b3b18b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actix-multipart/src/safety.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+use std::{cell::Cell, marker::PhantomData, rc::Rc, task};
+
+use local_waker::LocalWaker;
+
+/// Counter. It tracks of number of clones of payloads and give access to payload only to top most.
+///
+/// - When dropped, parent task is awakened. This is to support the case where `Field` is dropped in
+///   a separate task than `Multipart`.
+/// - Assumes that parent owners don't move to different tasks; only the top-most is allowed to.
+/// - If dropped and is not top most owner, is_clean flag is set to false.
+#[derive(Debug)]
+pub(crate) struct Safety {
+    task: LocalWaker,
+    level: usize,
+    payload: Rc<PhantomData<bool>>,
+    clean: Rc<Cell<bool>>,
+}
+
+impl Safety {
+    pub(crate) fn new() -> Safety {
+        let payload = Rc::new(PhantomData);
+        Safety {
+            task: LocalWaker::new(),
+            level: Rc::strong_count(&payload),
+            clean: Rc::new(Cell::new(true)),
+            payload,
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn current(&self) -> bool {
+        Rc::strong_count(&self.payload) == self.level && self.clean.get()
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn is_clean(&self) -> bool {
+        self.clean.get()
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn clone(&self, cx: &task::Context<'_>) -> Safety {
+        let payload = Rc::clone(&self.payload);
+        let s = Safety {
+            task: LocalWaker::new(),
+            level: Rc::strong_count(&payload),
+            clean: self.clean.clone(),
+            payload,
+        };
+        s.task.register(cx.waker());
+        s
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for Safety {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        if Rc::strong_count(&self.payload) != self.level {
+            // Multipart dropped leaving a Field
+            self.clean.set(false);
+        }
+
+        self.task.wake();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/actix-multipart/src/server.rs b/actix-multipart/src/server.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 0256aa7bf..000000000
--- a/actix-multipart/src/server.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1374 +0,0 @@
-//! Multipart response payload support.
-
-use std::{
-    cell::{Cell, RefCell, RefMut},
-    cmp, fmt,
-    marker::PhantomData,
-    pin::Pin,
-    rc::Rc,
-    task::{Context, Poll},
-};
-
-use actix_web::{
-    error::{ParseError, PayloadError},
-    http::header::{self, ContentDisposition, HeaderMap, HeaderName, HeaderValue},
-};
-use bytes::{Bytes, BytesMut};
-use futures_core::stream::{LocalBoxStream, Stream};
-use local_waker::LocalWaker;
-
-use crate::error::MultipartError;
-
-const MAX_HEADERS: usize = 32;
-
-/// The server-side implementation of `multipart/form-data` requests.
-///
-/// This will parse the incoming stream into `MultipartItem` instances via its
-/// Stream implementation.
-/// `MultipartItem::Field` contains multipart field. `MultipartItem::Multipart`
-/// is used for nested multipart streams.
-pub struct Multipart {
-    safety: Safety,
-    error: Option<MultipartError>,
-    inner: Option<InnerMultipart>,
-}
-
-enum InnerMultipartItem {
-    None,
-    Field(Rc<RefCell<InnerField>>),
-}
-
-#[derive(PartialEq, Debug)]
-enum InnerState {
-    /// Stream eof
-    Eof,
-
-    /// Skip data until first boundary
-    FirstBoundary,
-
-    /// Reading boundary
-    Boundary,
-
-    /// Reading Headers,
-    Headers,
-}
-
-struct InnerMultipart {
-    payload: PayloadRef,
-    boundary: String,
-    state: InnerState,
-    item: InnerMultipartItem,
-}
-
-impl Multipart {
-    /// Create multipart instance for boundary.
-    pub fn new<S>(headers: &HeaderMap, stream: S) -> Multipart
-    where
-        S: Stream<Item = Result<Bytes, PayloadError>> + 'static,
-    {
-        match Self::boundary(headers) {
-            Ok(boundary) => Multipart::from_boundary(boundary, stream),
-            Err(err) => Multipart::from_error(err),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Extract boundary info from headers.
-    pub(crate) fn boundary(headers: &HeaderMap) -> Result<String, MultipartError> {
-        headers
-            .get(&header::CONTENT_TYPE)
-            .ok_or(MultipartError::NoContentType)?
-            .to_str()
-            .ok()
-            .and_then(|content_type| content_type.parse::<mime::Mime>().ok())
-            .ok_or(MultipartError::ParseContentType)?
-            .get_param(mime::BOUNDARY)
-            .map(|boundary| boundary.as_str().to_owned())
-            .ok_or(MultipartError::Boundary)
-    }
-
-    /// Create multipart instance for given boundary and stream
-    pub(crate) fn from_boundary<S>(boundary: String, stream: S) -> Multipart
-    where
-        S: Stream<Item = Result<Bytes, PayloadError>> + 'static,
-    {
-        Multipart {
-            error: None,
-            safety: Safety::new(),
-            inner: Some(InnerMultipart {
-                boundary,
-                payload: PayloadRef::new(PayloadBuffer::new(stream)),
-                state: InnerState::FirstBoundary,
-                item: InnerMultipartItem::None,
-            }),
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Create Multipart instance from MultipartError
-    pub(crate) fn from_error(err: MultipartError) -> Multipart {
-        Multipart {
-            error: Some(err),
-            safety: Safety::new(),
-            inner: None,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl Stream for Multipart {
-    type Item = Result<Field, MultipartError>;
-
-    fn poll_next(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Option<Self::Item>> {
-        let this = self.get_mut();
-
-        match this.inner.as_mut() {
-            Some(inner) => {
-                if let Some(mut buffer) = inner.payload.get_mut(&this.safety) {
-                    // check safety and poll read payload to buffer.
-                    buffer.poll_stream(cx)?;
-                } else if !this.safety.is_clean() {
-                    // safety violation
-                    return Poll::Ready(Some(Err(MultipartError::NotConsumed)));
-                } else {
-                    return Poll::Pending;
-                }
-
-                inner.poll(&this.safety, cx)
-            }
-            None => Poll::Ready(Some(Err(this
-                .error
-                .take()
-                .expect("Multipart polled after finish")))),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl InnerMultipart {
-    fn read_headers(payload: &mut PayloadBuffer) -> Result<Option<HeaderMap>, MultipartError> {
-        match payload.read_until(b"\r\n\r\n")? {
-            None => {
-                if payload.eof {
-                    Err(MultipartError::Incomplete)
-                } else {
-                    Ok(None)
-                }
-            }
-            Some(bytes) => {
-                let mut hdrs = [httparse::EMPTY_HEADER; MAX_HEADERS];
-                match httparse::parse_headers(&bytes, &mut hdrs) {
-                    Ok(httparse::Status::Complete((_, hdrs))) => {
-                        // convert headers
-                        let mut headers = HeaderMap::with_capacity(hdrs.len());
-
-                        for h in hdrs {
-                            let name =
-                                HeaderName::try_from(h.name).map_err(|_| ParseError::Header)?;
-                            let value =
-                                HeaderValue::try_from(h.value).map_err(|_| ParseError::Header)?;
-                            headers.append(name, value);
-                        }
-
-                        Ok(Some(headers))
-                    }
-                    Ok(httparse::Status::Partial) => Err(ParseError::Header.into()),
-                    Err(err) => Err(ParseError::from(err).into()),
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn read_boundary(
-        payload: &mut PayloadBuffer,
-        boundary: &str,
-    ) -> Result<Option<bool>, MultipartError> {
-        // TODO: need to read epilogue
-        match payload.readline_or_eof()? {
-            None => {
-                if payload.eof {
-                    Ok(Some(true))
-                } else {
-                    Ok(None)
-                }
-            }
-            Some(chunk) => {
-                if chunk.len() < boundary.len() + 4
-                    || &chunk[..2] != b"--"
-                    || &chunk[2..boundary.len() + 2] != boundary.as_bytes()
-                {
-                    Err(MultipartError::Boundary)
-                } else if &chunk[boundary.len() + 2..] == b"\r\n" {
-                    Ok(Some(false))
-                } else if &chunk[boundary.len() + 2..boundary.len() + 4] == b"--"
-                    && (chunk.len() == boundary.len() + 4
-                        || &chunk[boundary.len() + 4..] == b"\r\n")
-                {
-                    Ok(Some(true))
-                } else {
-                    Err(MultipartError::Boundary)
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn skip_until_boundary(
-        payload: &mut PayloadBuffer,
-        boundary: &str,
-    ) -> Result<Option<bool>, MultipartError> {
-        let mut eof = false;
-        loop {
-            match payload.readline()? {
-                Some(chunk) => {
-                    if chunk.is_empty() {
-                        return Err(MultipartError::Boundary);
-                    }
-                    if chunk.len() < boundary.len() {
-                        continue;
-                    }
-                    if &chunk[..2] == b"--" && &chunk[2..chunk.len() - 2] == boundary.as_bytes() {
-                        break;
-                    } else {
-                        if chunk.len() < boundary.len() + 2 {
-                            continue;
-                        }
-                        let b: &[u8] = boundary.as_ref();
-                        if &chunk[..boundary.len()] == b
-                            && &chunk[boundary.len()..boundary.len() + 2] == b"--"
-                        {
-                            eof = true;
-                            break;
-                        }
-                    }
-                }
-                None => {
-                    return if payload.eof {
-                        Err(MultipartError::Incomplete)
-                    } else {
-                        Ok(None)
-                    };
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        Ok(Some(eof))
-    }
-
-    fn poll(
-        &mut self,
-        safety: &Safety,
-        cx: &Context<'_>,
-    ) -> Poll<Option<Result<Field, MultipartError>>> {
-        if self.state == InnerState::Eof {
-            Poll::Ready(None)
-        } else {
-            // release field
-            loop {
-                // Nested multipart streams of fields has to be consumed
-                // before switching to next
-                if safety.current() {
-                    let stop = match self.item {
-                        InnerMultipartItem::Field(ref mut field) => {
-                            match field.borrow_mut().poll(safety) {
-                                Poll::Pending => return Poll::Pending,
-                                Poll::Ready(Some(Ok(_))) => continue,
-                                Poll::Ready(Some(Err(err))) => return Poll::Ready(Some(Err(err))),
-                                Poll::Ready(None) => true,
-                            }
-                        }
-                        InnerMultipartItem::None => false,
-                    };
-                    if stop {
-                        self.item = InnerMultipartItem::None;
-                    }
-                    if let InnerMultipartItem::None = self.item {
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-
-            let headers = if let Some(mut payload) = self.payload.get_mut(safety) {
-                match self.state {
-                    // read until first boundary
-                    InnerState::FirstBoundary => {
-                        match InnerMultipart::skip_until_boundary(&mut payload, &self.boundary)? {
-                            Some(eof) => {
-                                if eof {
-                                    self.state = InnerState::Eof;
-                                    return Poll::Ready(None);
-                                } else {
-                                    self.state = InnerState::Headers;
-                                }
-                            }
-                            None => return Poll::Pending,
-                        }
-                    }
-                    // read boundary
-                    InnerState::Boundary => {
-                        match InnerMultipart::read_boundary(&mut payload, &self.boundary)? {
-                            None => return Poll::Pending,
-                            Some(eof) => {
-                                if eof {
-                                    self.state = InnerState::Eof;
-                                    return Poll::Ready(None);
-                                } else {
-                                    self.state = InnerState::Headers;
-                                }
-                            }
-                        }
-                    }
-                    _ => {}
-                }
-
-                // read field headers for next field
-                if self.state == InnerState::Headers {
-                    if let Some(headers) = InnerMultipart::read_headers(&mut payload)? {
-                        self.state = InnerState::Boundary;
-                        headers
-                    } else {
-                        return Poll::Pending;
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    unreachable!()
-                }
-            } else {
-                log::debug!("NotReady: field is in flight");
-                return Poll::Pending;
-            };
-
-            // According to RFC 7578 §4.2, a Content-Disposition header must always be present and
-            // set to "form-data".
-
-            let content_disposition = headers
-                .get(&header::CONTENT_DISPOSITION)
-                .and_then(|cd| ContentDisposition::from_raw(cd).ok())
-                .filter(|content_disposition| {
-                    let is_form_data =
-                        content_disposition.disposition == header::DispositionType::FormData;
-
-                    let has_field_name = content_disposition
-                        .parameters
-                        .iter()
-                        .any(|param| matches!(param, header::DispositionParam::Name(_)));
-
-                    is_form_data && has_field_name
-                });
-
-            let cd = if let Some(content_disposition) = content_disposition {
-                content_disposition
-            } else {
-                return Poll::Ready(Some(Err(MultipartError::NoContentDisposition)));
-            };
-
-            let ct: Option<mime::Mime> = headers
-                .get(&header::CONTENT_TYPE)
-                .and_then(|ct| ct.to_str().ok())
-                .and_then(|ct| ct.parse().ok());
-
-            self.state = InnerState::Boundary;
-
-            // nested multipart stream is not supported
-            if let Some(mime) = &ct {
-                if mime.type_() == mime::MULTIPART {
-                    return Poll::Ready(Some(Err(MultipartError::Nested)));
-                }
-            }
-
-            let field =
-                InnerField::new_in_rc(self.payload.clone(), self.boundary.clone(), &headers)?;
-
-            self.item = InnerMultipartItem::Field(Rc::clone(&field));
-
-            Poll::Ready(Some(Ok(Field::new(
-                safety.clone(cx),
-                headers,
-                ct,
-                cd,
-                field,
-            ))))
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl Drop for InnerMultipart {
-    fn drop(&mut self) {
-        // InnerMultipartItem::Field has to be dropped first because of Safety.
-        self.item = InnerMultipartItem::None;
-    }
-}
-
-/// A single field in a multipart stream
-pub struct Field {
-    ct: Option<mime::Mime>,
-    cd: ContentDisposition,
-    headers: HeaderMap,
-    inner: Rc<RefCell<InnerField>>,
-    safety: Safety,
-}
-
-impl Field {
-    fn new(
-        safety: Safety,
-        headers: HeaderMap,
-        ct: Option<mime::Mime>,
-        cd: ContentDisposition,
-        inner: Rc<RefCell<InnerField>>,
-    ) -> Self {
-        Field {
-            ct,
-            cd,
-            headers,
-            inner,
-            safety,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Returns a reference to the field's header map.
-    pub fn headers(&self) -> &HeaderMap {
-        &self.headers
-    }
-
-    /// Returns a reference to the field's content (mime) type, if it is supplied by the client.
-    ///
-    /// According to [RFC 7578](https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc7578#section-4.4), if it is not
-    /// present, it should default to "text/plain". Note it is the responsibility of the client to
-    /// provide the appropriate content type, there is no attempt to validate this by the server.
-    pub fn content_type(&self) -> Option<&mime::Mime> {
-        self.ct.as_ref()
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the field's Content-Disposition.
-    ///
-    /// Per [RFC 7578 §4.2]: "Each part MUST contain a Content-Disposition header field where the
-    /// disposition type is `form-data`. The Content-Disposition header field MUST also contain an
-    /// additional parameter of `name`; the value of the `name` parameter is the original field name
-    /// from the form."
-    ///
-    /// This crate validates that it exists before returning a `Field`. As such, it is safe to
-    /// unwrap `.content_disposition().get_name()`. The [name](Self::name) method is provided as
-    /// a convenience.
-    ///
-    /// [RFC 7578 §4.2]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7578#section-4.2
-    pub fn content_disposition(&self) -> &ContentDisposition {
-        &self.cd
-    }
-
-    /// Returns the field's name.
-    ///
-    /// See [content_disposition](Self::content_disposition) regarding guarantees about existence of
-    /// the name field.
-    pub fn name(&self) -> &str {
-        self.content_disposition()
-            .get_name()
-            .expect("field name should be guaranteed to exist in multipart form-data")
-    }
-}
-
-impl Stream for Field {
-    type Item = Result<Bytes, MultipartError>;
-
-    fn poll_next(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Option<Self::Item>> {
-        let this = self.get_mut();
-        let mut inner = this.inner.borrow_mut();
-        if let Some(mut buffer) = inner
-            .payload
-            .as_ref()
-            .expect("Field should not be polled after completion")
-            .get_mut(&this.safety)
-        {
-            // check safety and poll read payload to buffer.
-            buffer.poll_stream(cx)?;
-        } else if !this.safety.is_clean() {
-            // safety violation
-            return Poll::Ready(Some(Err(MultipartError::NotConsumed)));
-        } else {
-            return Poll::Pending;
-        }
-
-        inner.poll(&this.safety)
-    }
-}
-
-impl fmt::Debug for Field {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
-        if let Some(ct) = &self.ct {
-            writeln!(f, "\nField: {}", ct)?;
-        } else {
-            writeln!(f, "\nField:")?;
-        }
-        writeln!(f, "  boundary: {}", self.inner.borrow().boundary)?;
-        writeln!(f, "  headers:")?;
-        for (key, val) in self.headers.iter() {
-            writeln!(f, "    {:?}: {:?}", key, val)?;
-        }
-        Ok(())
-    }
-}
-
-struct InnerField {
-    /// Payload is initialized as Some and is `take`n when the field stream finishes.
-    payload: Option<PayloadRef>,
-    boundary: String,
-    eof: bool,
-    length: Option<u64>,
-}
-
-impl InnerField {
-    fn new_in_rc(
-        payload: PayloadRef,
-        boundary: String,
-        headers: &HeaderMap,
-    ) -> Result<Rc<RefCell<InnerField>>, PayloadError> {
-        Self::new(payload, boundary, headers).map(|this| Rc::new(RefCell::new(this)))
-    }
-
-    fn new(
-        payload: PayloadRef,
-        boundary: String,
-        headers: &HeaderMap,
-    ) -> Result<InnerField, PayloadError> {
-        let len = if let Some(len) = headers.get(&header::CONTENT_LENGTH) {
-            match len.to_str().ok().and_then(|len| len.parse::<u64>().ok()) {
-                Some(len) => Some(len),
-                None => return Err(PayloadError::Incomplete(None)),
-            }
-        } else {
-            None
-        };
-
-        Ok(InnerField {
-            boundary,
-            payload: Some(payload),
-            eof: false,
-            length: len,
-        })
-    }
-
-    /// Reads body part content chunk of the specified size.
-    /// The body part must has `Content-Length` header with proper value.
-    fn read_len(
-        payload: &mut PayloadBuffer,
-        size: &mut u64,
-    ) -> Poll<Option<Result<Bytes, MultipartError>>> {
-        if *size == 0 {
-            Poll::Ready(None)
-        } else {
-            match payload.read_max(*size)? {
-                Some(mut chunk) => {
-                    let len = cmp::min(chunk.len() as u64, *size);
-                    *size -= len;
-                    let ch = chunk.split_to(len as usize);
-                    if !chunk.is_empty() {
-                        payload.unprocessed(chunk);
-                    }
-                    Poll::Ready(Some(Ok(ch)))
-                }
-                None => {
-                    if payload.eof && (*size != 0) {
-                        Poll::Ready(Some(Err(MultipartError::Incomplete)))
-                    } else {
-                        Poll::Pending
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Reads content chunk of body part with unknown length.
-    /// The `Content-Length` header for body part is not necessary.
-    fn read_stream(
-        payload: &mut PayloadBuffer,
-        boundary: &str,
-    ) -> Poll<Option<Result<Bytes, MultipartError>>> {
-        let mut pos = 0;
-
-        let len = payload.buf.len();
-        if len == 0 {
-            return if payload.eof {
-                Poll::Ready(Some(Err(MultipartError::Incomplete)))
-            } else {
-                Poll::Pending
-            };
-        }
-
-        // check boundary
-        if len > 4 && payload.buf[0] == b'\r' {
-            let b_len = if &payload.buf[..2] == b"\r\n" && &payload.buf[2..4] == b"--" {
-                Some(4)
-            } else if &payload.buf[1..3] == b"--" {
-                Some(3)
-            } else {
-                None
-            };
-
-            if let Some(b_len) = b_len {
-                let b_size = boundary.len() + b_len;
-                if len < b_size {
-                    return Poll::Pending;
-                } else if &payload.buf[b_len..b_size] == boundary.as_bytes() {
-                    // found boundary
-                    return Poll::Ready(None);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        loop {
-            return if let Some(idx) = memchr::memmem::find(&payload.buf[pos..], b"\r") {
-                let cur = pos + idx;
-
-                // check if we have enough data for boundary detection
-                if cur + 4 > len {
-                    if cur > 0 {
-                        Poll::Ready(Some(Ok(payload.buf.split_to(cur).freeze())))
-                    } else {
-                        Poll::Pending
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    // check boundary
-                    if (&payload.buf[cur..cur + 2] == b"\r\n"
-                        && &payload.buf[cur + 2..cur + 4] == b"--")
-                        || (&payload.buf[cur..=cur] == b"\r"
-                            && &payload.buf[cur + 1..cur + 3] == b"--")
-                    {
-                        if cur != 0 {
-                            // return buffer
-                            Poll::Ready(Some(Ok(payload.buf.split_to(cur).freeze())))
-                        } else {
-                            pos = cur + 1;
-                            continue;
-                        }
-                    } else {
-                        // not boundary
-                        pos = cur + 1;
-                        continue;
-                    }
-                }
-            } else {
-                Poll::Ready(Some(Ok(payload.buf.split().freeze())))
-            };
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn poll(&mut self, s: &Safety) -> Poll<Option<Result<Bytes, MultipartError>>> {
-        if self.payload.is_none() {
-            return Poll::Ready(None);
-        }
-
-        let result = if let Some(mut payload) = self
-            .payload
-            .as_ref()
-            .expect("Field should not be polled after completion")
-            .get_mut(s)
-        {
-            if !self.eof {
-                let res = if let Some(ref mut len) = self.length {
-                    InnerField::read_len(&mut payload, len)
-                } else {
-                    InnerField::read_stream(&mut payload, &self.boundary)
-                };
-
-                match res {
-                    Poll::Pending => return Poll::Pending,
-                    Poll::Ready(Some(Ok(bytes))) => return Poll::Ready(Some(Ok(bytes))),
-                    Poll::Ready(Some(Err(err))) => return Poll::Ready(Some(Err(err))),
-                    Poll::Ready(None) => self.eof = true,
-                }
-            }
-
-            match payload.readline() {
-                Ok(None) => Poll::Pending,
-                Ok(Some(line)) => {
-                    if line.as_ref() != b"\r\n" {
-                        log::warn!("multipart field did not read all the data or it is malformed");
-                    }
-                    Poll::Ready(None)
-                }
-                Err(err) => Poll::Ready(Some(Err(err))),
-            }
-        } else {
-            Poll::Pending
-        };
-
-        if let Poll::Ready(None) = result {
-            // drop payload buffer and make future un-poll-able
-            let _ = self.payload.take();
-        }
-
-        result
-    }
-}
-
-struct PayloadRef {
-    payload: Rc<RefCell<PayloadBuffer>>,
-}
-
-impl PayloadRef {
-    fn new(payload: PayloadBuffer) -> PayloadRef {
-        PayloadRef {
-            payload: Rc::new(payload.into()),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn get_mut(&self, s: &Safety) -> Option<RefMut<'_, PayloadBuffer>> {
-        if s.current() {
-            Some(self.payload.borrow_mut())
-        } else {
-            None
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-impl Clone for PayloadRef {
-    fn clone(&self) -> PayloadRef {
-        PayloadRef {
-            payload: Rc::clone(&self.payload),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
-/// Counter. It tracks of number of clones of payloads and give access to payload only to top most.
-/// * When dropped, parent task is awakened. This is to support the case where Field is
-/// dropped in a separate task than Multipart.
-/// * Assumes that parent owners don't move to different tasks; only the top-most is allowed to.
-/// * If dropped and is not top most owner, is_clean flag is set to false.
-#[derive(Debug)]
-struct Safety {
-    task: LocalWaker,
-    level: usize,
-    payload: Rc<PhantomData<bool>>,
-    clean: Rc<Cell<bool>>,
-}
-
-impl Safety {
-    fn new() -> Safety {
-        let payload = Rc::new(PhantomData);
-        Safety {
-            task: LocalWaker::new(),
-            level: Rc::strong_count(&payload),
-            clean: Rc::new(Cell::new(true)),
-            payload,
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn current(&self) -> bool {
-        Rc::strong_count(&self.payload) == self.level && self.clean.get()
-    }
-
-    fn is_clean(&self) -> bool {
-        self.clean.get()
-    }
-
-    fn clone(&self, cx: &Context<'_>) -> Safety {
-        let payload = Rc::clone(&self.payload);
-        let s = Safety {
-            task: LocalWaker::new(),
-            level: Rc::strong_count(&payload),
-            clean: self.clean.clone(),
-            payload,
-        };
-        s.task.register(cx.waker());
-        s
-    }
-}
-
-impl Drop for Safety {
-    fn drop(&mut self) {
-        if Rc::strong_count(&self.payload) != self.level {
-            // Multipart dropped leaving a Field
-            self.clean.set(false);
-        }
-
-        self.task.wake();
-    }
-}
-
-/// Payload buffer.
-struct PayloadBuffer {
-    eof: bool,
-    buf: BytesMut,
-    stream: LocalBoxStream<'static, Result<Bytes, PayloadError>>,
-}
-
-impl PayloadBuffer {
-    /// Constructs new `PayloadBuffer` instance.
-    fn new<S>(stream: S) -> Self
-    where
-        S: Stream<Item = Result<Bytes, PayloadError>> + 'static,
-    {
-        PayloadBuffer {
-            eof: false,
-            buf: BytesMut::new(),
-            stream: Box::pin(stream),
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn poll_stream(&mut self, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Result<(), PayloadError> {
-        loop {
-            match Pin::new(&mut self.stream).poll_next(cx) {
-                Poll::Ready(Some(Ok(data))) => self.buf.extend_from_slice(&data),
-                Poll::Ready(Some(Err(err))) => return Err(err),
-                Poll::Ready(None) => {
-                    self.eof = true;
-                    return Ok(());
-                }
-                Poll::Pending => return Ok(()),
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Read exact number of bytes
-    #[cfg(test)]
-    fn read_exact(&mut self, size: usize) -> Option<Bytes> {
-        if size <= self.buf.len() {
-            Some(self.buf.split_to(size).freeze())
-        } else {
-            None
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn read_max(&mut self, size: u64) -> Result<Option<Bytes>, MultipartError> {
-        if !self.buf.is_empty() {
-            let size = std::cmp::min(self.buf.len() as u64, size) as usize;
-            Ok(Some(self.buf.split_to(size).freeze()))
-        } else if self.eof {
-            Err(MultipartError::Incomplete)
-        } else {
-            Ok(None)
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Read until specified ending
-    fn read_until(&mut self, line: &[u8]) -> Result<Option<Bytes>, MultipartError> {
-        let res = memchr::memmem::find(&self.buf, line)
-            .map(|idx| self.buf.split_to(idx + line.len()).freeze());
-
-        if res.is_none() && self.eof {
-            Err(MultipartError::Incomplete)
-        } else {
-            Ok(res)
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Read bytes until new line delimiter
-    fn readline(&mut self) -> Result<Option<Bytes>, MultipartError> {
-        self.read_until(b"\n")
-    }
-
-    /// Read bytes until new line delimiter or eof
-    fn readline_or_eof(&mut self) -> Result<Option<Bytes>, MultipartError> {
-        match self.readline() {
-            Err(MultipartError::Incomplete) if self.eof => Ok(Some(self.buf.split().freeze())),
-            line => line,
-        }
-    }
-
-    /// Put unprocessed data back to the buffer
-    fn unprocessed(&mut self, data: Bytes) {
-        let buf = BytesMut::from(data.as_ref());
-        let buf = std::mem::replace(&mut self.buf, buf);
-        self.buf.extend_from_slice(&buf);
-    }
-}
-
-#[cfg(test)]
-mod tests {
-    use std::time::Duration;
-
-    use actix_http::h1;
-    use actix_web::{
-        http::header::{DispositionParam, DispositionType},
-        rt,
-        test::TestRequest,
-        FromRequest,
-    };
-    use bytes::BufMut as _;
-    use futures_util::{future::lazy, StreamExt as _};
-    use tokio::sync::mpsc;
-    use tokio_stream::wrappers::UnboundedReceiverStream;
-
-    use super::*;
-
-    const BOUNDARY: &str = "abbc761f78ff4d7cb7573b5a23f96ef0";
-
-    #[actix_rt::test]
-    async fn test_boundary() {
-        let headers = HeaderMap::new();
-        match Multipart::boundary(&headers) {
-            Err(MultipartError::NoContentType) => {}
-            _ => unreachable!("should not happen"),
-        }
-
-        let mut headers = HeaderMap::new();
-        headers.insert(
-            header::CONTENT_TYPE,
-            header::HeaderValue::from_static("test"),
-        );
-
-        match Multipart::boundary(&headers) {
-            Err(MultipartError::ParseContentType) => {}
-            _ => unreachable!("should not happen"),
-        }
-
-        let mut headers = HeaderMap::new();
-        headers.insert(
-            header::CONTENT_TYPE,
-            header::HeaderValue::from_static("multipart/mixed"),
-        );
-        match Multipart::boundary(&headers) {
-            Err(MultipartError::Boundary) => {}
-            _ => unreachable!("should not happen"),
-        }
-
-        let mut headers = HeaderMap::new();
-        headers.insert(
-            header::CONTENT_TYPE,
-            header::HeaderValue::from_static(
-                "multipart/mixed; boundary=\"5c02368e880e436dab70ed54e1c58209\"",
-            ),
-        );
-
-        assert_eq!(
-            Multipart::boundary(&headers).unwrap(),
-            "5c02368e880e436dab70ed54e1c58209"
-        );
-    }
-
-    fn create_stream() -> (
-        mpsc::UnboundedSender<Result<Bytes, PayloadError>>,
-        impl Stream<Item = Result<Bytes, PayloadError>>,
-    ) {
-        let (tx, rx) = mpsc::unbounded_channel();
-
-        (
-            tx,
-            UnboundedReceiverStream::new(rx).map(|res| res.map_err(|_| panic!())),
-        )
-    }
-
-    // Stream that returns from a Bytes, one char at a time and Pending every other poll()
-    struct SlowStream {
-        bytes: Bytes,
-        pos: usize,
-        ready: bool,
-    }
-
-    impl SlowStream {
-        fn new(bytes: Bytes) -> SlowStream {
-            SlowStream {
-                bytes,
-                pos: 0,
-                ready: false,
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    impl Stream for SlowStream {
-        type Item = Result<Bytes, PayloadError>;
-
-        fn poll_next(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Option<Self::Item>> {
-            let this = self.get_mut();
-            if !this.ready {
-                this.ready = true;
-                cx.waker().wake_by_ref();
-                return Poll::Pending;
-            }
-
-            if this.pos == this.bytes.len() {
-                return Poll::Ready(None);
-            }
-
-            let res = Poll::Ready(Some(Ok(this.bytes.slice(this.pos..(this.pos + 1)))));
-            this.pos += 1;
-            this.ready = false;
-            res
-        }
-    }
-
-    fn create_simple_request_with_header() -> (Bytes, HeaderMap) {
-        let (body, headers) = crate::test::create_form_data_payload_and_headers_with_boundary(
-            BOUNDARY,
-            "file",
-            Some("fn.txt".to_owned()),
-            Some(mime::TEXT_PLAIN_UTF_8),
-            Bytes::from_static(b"data"),
-        );
-
-        let mut buf = BytesMut::with_capacity(body.len() + 14);
-
-        // add junk before form to test pre-boundary data rejection
-        buf.put("testasdadsad\r\n".as_bytes());
-
-        buf.put(body);
-
-        (buf.freeze(), headers)
-    }
-
-    // TODO: use test utility when multi-file support is introduced
-    fn create_double_request_with_header() -> (Bytes, HeaderMap) {
-        let bytes = Bytes::from(
-            "testasdadsad\r\n\
-             --abbc761f78ff4d7cb7573b5a23f96ef0\r\n\
-             Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"file\"; filename=\"fn.txt\"\r\n\
-             Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\r\nContent-Length: 4\r\n\r\n\
-             test\r\n\
-             --abbc761f78ff4d7cb7573b5a23f96ef0\r\n\
-             Content-Disposition: form-data; name=\"file\"; filename=\"fn.txt\"\r\n\
-             Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\r\nContent-Length: 4\r\n\r\n\
-             data\r\n\
-             --abbc761f78ff4d7cb7573b5a23f96ef0--\r\n",
-        );
-        let mut headers = HeaderMap::new();
-        headers.insert(
-            header::CONTENT_TYPE,
-            header::HeaderValue::from_static(
-                "multipart/mixed; boundary=\"abbc761f78ff4d7cb7573b5a23f96ef0\"",
-            ),
-        );
-        (bytes, headers)
-    }
-
-    #[actix_rt::test]
-    async fn test_multipart_no_end_crlf() {
-        let (sender, payload) = create_stream();
-        let (mut bytes, headers) = create_double_request_with_header();
-        let bytes_stripped = bytes.split_to(bytes.len()); // strip crlf
-
-        sender.send(Ok(bytes_stripped)).unwrap();
-        drop(sender); // eof
-
-        let mut multipart = Multipart::new(&headers, payload);
-
-        match multipart.next().await.unwrap() {
-            Ok(_) => {}
-            _ => unreachable!(),
-        }
-
-        match multipart.next().await.unwrap() {
-            Ok(_) => {}
-            _ => unreachable!(),
-        }
-
-        match multipart.next().await {
-            None => {}
-            _ => unreachable!(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[actix_rt::test]
-    async fn test_multipart() {
-        let (sender, payload) = create_stream();
-        let (bytes, headers) = create_double_request_with_header();
-
-        sender.send(Ok(bytes)).unwrap();
-
-        let mut multipart = Multipart::new(&headers, payload);
-        match multipart.next().await {
-            Some(Ok(mut field)) => {
-                let cd = field.content_disposition();
-                assert_eq!(cd.disposition, DispositionType::FormData);
-                assert_eq!(cd.parameters[0], DispositionParam::Name("file".into()));
-
-                assert_eq!(field.content_type().unwrap().type_(), mime::TEXT);
-                assert_eq!(field.content_type().unwrap().subtype(), mime::PLAIN);
-
-                match field.next().await.unwrap() {
-                    Ok(chunk) => assert_eq!(chunk, "test"),
-                    _ => unreachable!(),
-                }
-                match field.next().await {
-                    None => {}
-                    _ => unreachable!(),
-                }
-            }
-            _ => unreachable!(),
-        }
-
-        match multipart.next().await.unwrap() {
-            Ok(mut field) => {
-                assert_eq!(field.content_type().unwrap().type_(), mime::TEXT);
-                assert_eq!(field.content_type().unwrap().subtype(), mime::PLAIN);
-
-                match field.next().await {
-                    Some(Ok(chunk)) => assert_eq!(chunk, "data"),
-                    _ => unreachable!(),
-                }
-                match field.next().await {
-                    None => {}
-                    _ => unreachable!(),
-                }
-            }
-            _ => unreachable!(),
-        }
-
-        match multipart.next().await {
-            None => {}
-            _ => unreachable!(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Loops, collecting all bytes until end-of-field
-    async fn get_whole_field(field: &mut Field) -> BytesMut {
-        let mut b = BytesMut::new();
-        loop {
-            match field.next().await {
-                Some(Ok(chunk)) => b.extend_from_slice(&chunk),
-                None => return b,
-                _ => unreachable!(),
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[actix_rt::test]
-    async fn test_stream() {
-        let (bytes, headers) = create_double_request_with_header();
-        let payload = SlowStream::new(bytes);
-
-        let mut multipart = Multipart::new(&headers, payload);
-        match multipart.next().await.unwrap() {
-            Ok(mut field) => {
-                let cd = field.content_disposition();
-                assert_eq!(cd.disposition, DispositionType::FormData);
-                assert_eq!(cd.parameters[0], DispositionParam::Name("file".into()));
-
-                assert_eq!(field.content_type().unwrap().type_(), mime::TEXT);
-                assert_eq!(field.content_type().unwrap().subtype(), mime::PLAIN);
-
-                assert_eq!(get_whole_field(&mut field).await, "test");
-            }
-            _ => unreachable!(),
-        }
-
-        match multipart.next().await {
-            Some(Ok(mut field)) => {
-                assert_eq!(field.content_type().unwrap().type_(), mime::TEXT);
-                assert_eq!(field.content_type().unwrap().subtype(), mime::PLAIN);
-
-                assert_eq!(get_whole_field(&mut field).await, "data");
-            }
-            _ => unreachable!(),
-        }
-
-        match multipart.next().await {
-            None => {}
-            _ => unreachable!(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[actix_rt::test]
-    async fn test_basic() {
-        let (_, payload) = h1::Payload::create(false);
-        let mut payload = PayloadBuffer::new(payload);
-
-        assert_eq!(payload.buf.len(), 0);
-        lazy(|cx| payload.poll_stream(cx)).await.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(None, payload.read_max(1).unwrap());
-    }
-
-    #[actix_rt::test]
-    async fn test_eof() {
-        let (mut sender, payload) = h1::Payload::create(false);
-        let mut payload = PayloadBuffer::new(payload);
-
-        assert_eq!(None, payload.read_max(4).unwrap());
-        sender.feed_data(Bytes::from("data"));
-        sender.feed_eof();
-        lazy(|cx| payload.poll_stream(cx)).await.unwrap();
-
-        assert_eq!(Some(Bytes::from("data")), payload.read_max(4).unwrap());
-        assert_eq!(payload.buf.len(), 0);
-        assert!(payload.read_max(1).is_err());
-        assert!(payload.eof);
-    }
-
-    #[actix_rt::test]
-    async fn test_err() {
-        let (mut sender, payload) = h1::Payload::create(false);
-        let mut payload = PayloadBuffer::new(payload);
-        assert_eq!(None, payload.read_max(1).unwrap());
-        sender.set_error(PayloadError::Incomplete(None));
-        lazy(|cx| payload.poll_stream(cx)).await.err().unwrap();
-    }
-
-    #[actix_rt::test]
-    async fn test_readmax() {
-        let (mut sender, payload) = h1::Payload::create(false);
-        let mut payload = PayloadBuffer::new(payload);
-
-        sender.feed_data(Bytes::from("line1"));
-        sender.feed_data(Bytes::from("line2"));
-        lazy(|cx| payload.poll_stream(cx)).await.unwrap();
-        assert_eq!(payload.buf.len(), 10);
-
-        assert_eq!(Some(Bytes::from("line1")), payload.read_max(5).unwrap());
-        assert_eq!(payload.buf.len(), 5);
-
-        assert_eq!(Some(Bytes::from("line2")), payload.read_max(5).unwrap());
-        assert_eq!(payload.buf.len(), 0);
-    }
-
-    #[actix_rt::test]
-    async fn test_readexactly() {
-        let (mut sender, payload) = h1::Payload::create(false);
-        let mut payload = PayloadBuffer::new(payload);
-
-        assert_eq!(None, payload.read_exact(2));
-
-        sender.feed_data(Bytes::from("line1"));
-        sender.feed_data(Bytes::from("line2"));
-        lazy(|cx| payload.poll_stream(cx)).await.unwrap();
-
-        assert_eq!(Some(Bytes::from_static(b"li")), payload.read_exact(2));
-        assert_eq!(payload.buf.len(), 8);
-
-        assert_eq!(Some(Bytes::from_static(b"ne1l")), payload.read_exact(4));
-        assert_eq!(payload.buf.len(), 4);
-    }
-
-    #[actix_rt::test]
-    async fn test_readuntil() {
-        let (mut sender, payload) = h1::Payload::create(false);
-        let mut payload = PayloadBuffer::new(payload);
-
-        assert_eq!(None, payload.read_until(b"ne").unwrap());
-
-        sender.feed_data(Bytes::from("line1"));
-        sender.feed_data(Bytes::from("line2"));
-        lazy(|cx| payload.poll_stream(cx)).await.unwrap();
-
-        assert_eq!(
-            Some(Bytes::from("line")),
-            payload.read_until(b"ne").unwrap()
-        );
-        assert_eq!(payload.buf.len(), 6);
-
-        assert_eq!(
-            Some(Bytes::from("1line2")),
-            payload.read_until(b"2").unwrap()
-        );
-        assert_eq!(payload.buf.len(), 0);
-    }
-
-    #[actix_rt::test]
-    async fn test_multipart_from_error() {
-        let err = MultipartError::NoContentType;
-        let mut multipart = Multipart::from_error(err);
-        assert!(multipart.next().await.unwrap().is_err())
-    }
-
-    #[actix_rt::test]
-    async fn test_multipart_from_boundary() {
-        let (_, payload) = create_stream();
-        let (_, headers) = create_simple_request_with_header();
-        let boundary = Multipart::boundary(&headers);
-        assert!(boundary.is_ok());
-        let _ = Multipart::from_boundary(boundary.unwrap(), payload);
-    }
-
-    #[actix_rt::test]
-    async fn test_multipart_payload_consumption() {
-        // with sample payload and HttpRequest with no headers
-        let (_, inner_payload) = h1::Payload::create(false);
-        let mut payload = actix_web::dev::Payload::from(inner_payload);
-        let req = TestRequest::default().to_http_request();
-
-        // multipart should generate an error
-        let mut mp = Multipart::from_request(&req, &mut payload).await.unwrap();
-        assert!(mp.next().await.unwrap().is_err());
-
-        // and should not consume the payload
-        match payload {
-            actix_web::dev::Payload::H1 { .. } => {} //expected
-            _ => unreachable!(),
-        }
-    }
-
-    #[actix_rt::test]
-    async fn no_content_disposition() {
-        let bytes = Bytes::from(
-            "testasdadsad\r\n\
-             --abbc761f78ff4d7cb7573b5a23f96ef0\r\n\
-             Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\r\nContent-Length: 4\r\n\r\n\
-             test\r\n\
-             --abbc761f78ff4d7cb7573b5a23f96ef0\r\n",
-        );
-        let mut headers = HeaderMap::new();
-        headers.insert(
-            header::CONTENT_TYPE,
-            header::HeaderValue::from_static(
-                "multipart/mixed; boundary=\"abbc761f78ff4d7cb7573b5a23f96ef0\"",
-            ),
-        );
-        let payload = SlowStream::new(bytes);
-
-        let mut multipart = Multipart::new(&headers, payload);
-        let res = multipart.next().await.unwrap();
-        assert!(res.is_err());
-        assert!(matches!(
-            res.unwrap_err(),
-            MultipartError::NoContentDisposition,
-        ));
-    }
-
-    #[actix_rt::test]
-    async fn no_name_in_content_disposition() {
-        let bytes = Bytes::from(
-            "testasdadsad\r\n\
-             --abbc761f78ff4d7cb7573b5a23f96ef0\r\n\
-             Content-Disposition: form-data; filename=\"fn.txt\"\r\n\
-             Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\r\nContent-Length: 4\r\n\r\n\
-             test\r\n\
-             --abbc761f78ff4d7cb7573b5a23f96ef0\r\n",
-        );
-        let mut headers = HeaderMap::new();
-        headers.insert(
-            header::CONTENT_TYPE,
-            header::HeaderValue::from_static(
-                "multipart/mixed; boundary=\"abbc761f78ff4d7cb7573b5a23f96ef0\"",
-            ),
-        );
-        let payload = SlowStream::new(bytes);
-
-        let mut multipart = Multipart::new(&headers, payload);
-        let res = multipart.next().await.unwrap();
-        assert!(res.is_err());
-        assert!(matches!(
-            res.unwrap_err(),
-            MultipartError::NoContentDisposition,
-        ));
-    }
-
-    #[actix_rt::test]
-    async fn test_drop_multipart_dont_hang() {
-        let (sender, payload) = create_stream();
-        let (bytes, headers) = create_simple_request_with_header();
-        sender.send(Ok(bytes)).unwrap();
-        drop(sender); // eof
-
-        let mut multipart = Multipart::new(&headers, payload);
-        let mut field = multipart.next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
-
-        drop(multipart);
-
-        // should fail immediately
-        match field.next().await {
-            Some(Err(MultipartError::NotConsumed)) => {}
-            _ => panic!(),
-        };
-    }
-
-    #[actix_rt::test]
-    async fn test_drop_field_awaken_multipart() {
-        let (sender, payload) = create_stream();
-        let (bytes, headers) = create_double_request_with_header();
-        sender.send(Ok(bytes)).unwrap();
-        drop(sender); // eof
-
-        let mut multipart = Multipart::new(&headers, payload);
-        let mut field = multipart.next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
-
-        let task = rt::spawn(async move {
-            rt::time::sleep(Duration::from_secs(1)).await;
-            assert_eq!(field.next().await.unwrap().unwrap(), "test");
-            drop(field);
-        });
-
-        // dropping field should awaken current task
-        let _ = multipart.next().await.unwrap().unwrap();
-        task.await.unwrap();
-    }
-}
diff --git a/actix-multipart/src/test.rs b/actix-multipart/src/test.rs
index 77d918283..b0e907266 100644
--- a/actix-multipart/src/test.rs
+++ b/actix-multipart/src/test.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
-use actix_web::http::header::{self, HeaderMap};
-use bytes::{BufMut as _, Bytes, BytesMut};
-use mime::Mime;
-use rand::{
-    distributions::{Alphanumeric, DistString as _},
-    thread_rng,
+//! Multipart testing utilities.
+
+use actix_web::{
+    http::header::{self, HeaderMap},
+    web::{BufMut as _, Bytes, BytesMut},
 };
+use mime::Mime;
+use rand::distr::{Alphanumeric, SampleString as _};
 
 const CRLF: &[u8] = b"\r\n";
 const CRLF_CRLF: &[u8] = b"\r\n\r\n";
@@ -21,8 +22,7 @@ const BOUNDARY_PREFIX: &str = "------------------------";
 ///
 /// ```
 /// use actix_multipart::test::create_form_data_payload_and_headers;
-/// use actix_web::test::TestRequest;
-/// use bytes::Bytes;
+/// use actix_web::{test::TestRequest, web::Bytes};
 /// use memchr::memmem::find;
 ///
 /// let (body, headers) = create_form_data_payload_and_headers(
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ pub fn create_form_data_payload_and_headers(
     content_type: Option<Mime>,
     file: Bytes,
 ) -> (Bytes, HeaderMap) {
-    let boundary = Alphanumeric.sample_string(&mut thread_rng(), 32);
+    let boundary = Alphanumeric.sample_string(&mut rand::rng(), 32);
 
     create_form_data_payload_and_headers_with_boundary(
         &boundary,
diff --git a/actix-router/Cargo.toml b/actix-router/Cargo.toml
index 7e7e3beb8..7def1bdb4 100644
--- a/actix-router/Cargo.toml
+++ b/actix-router/Cargo.toml
@@ -38,6 +38,9 @@ http = "0.2.7"
 serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
 percent-encoding = "2.1"
 
+[lints]
+workspace = true
+
 [[bench]]
 name = "router"
 harness = false
diff --git a/actix-router/src/de.rs b/actix-router/src/de.rs
index ce2dcf8f3..2f50619f8 100644
--- a/actix-router/src/de.rs
+++ b/actix-router/src/de.rs
@@ -511,11 +511,6 @@ mod tests {
         value: String,
     }
 
-    #[derive(Deserialize)]
-    struct Id {
-        _id: String,
-    }
-
     #[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
     struct Test1(String, u32);
 
diff --git a/actix-router/src/lib.rs b/actix-router/src/lib.rs
index c4d0d2c87..3f5e969e7 100644
--- a/actix-router/src/lib.rs
+++ b/actix-router/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 //! Resource path matching and router.
 
-#![deny(rust_2018_idioms, nonstandard_style)]
-#![warn(future_incompatible)]
 #![doc(html_logo_url = "https://actix.rs/img/logo.png")]
 #![doc(html_favicon_url = "https://actix.rs/favicon.ico")]
 #![cfg_attr(docsrs, feature(doc_auto_cfg))]
diff --git a/actix-router/src/path.rs b/actix-router/src/path.rs
index 9031ab763..ab4a943fe 100644
--- a/actix-router/src/path.rs
+++ b/actix-router/src/path.rs
@@ -143,9 +143,9 @@ impl<T: ResourcePath> Path<T> {
         for (seg_name, val) in self.segments.iter() {
             if name == seg_name {
                 return match val {
-                    PathItem::Static(ref s) => Some(s),
-                    PathItem::Segment(s, e) => {
-                        Some(&self.path.path()[(*s as usize)..(*e as usize)])
+                    PathItem::Static(ref seg) => Some(seg),
+                    PathItem::Segment(start, end) => {
+                        Some(&self.path.path()[(*start as usize)..(*end as usize)])
                     }
                 };
             }
@@ -193,8 +193,10 @@ impl<'a, T: ResourcePath> Iterator for PathIter<'a, T> {
         if self.idx < self.params.segment_count() {
             let idx = self.idx;
             let res = match self.params.segments[idx].1 {
-                PathItem::Static(ref s) => s,
-                PathItem::Segment(s, e) => &self.params.path.path()[(s as usize)..(e as usize)],
+                PathItem::Static(ref seg) => seg,
+                PathItem::Segment(start, end) => {
+                    &self.params.path.path()[(start as usize)..(end as usize)]
+                }
             };
             self.idx += 1;
             return Some((&self.params.segments[idx].0, res));
@@ -217,8 +219,8 @@ impl<T: ResourcePath> Index<usize> for Path<T> {
 
     fn index(&self, idx: usize) -> &str {
         match self.segments[idx].1 {
-            PathItem::Static(ref s) => s,
-            PathItem::Segment(s, e) => &self.path.path()[(s as usize)..(e as usize)],
+            PathItem::Static(ref seg) => seg,
+            PathItem::Segment(start, end) => &self.path.path()[(start as usize)..(end as usize)],
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/actix-router/src/quoter.rs b/actix-router/src/quoter.rs
index 6c929d3ac..78694ed72 100644
--- a/actix-router/src/quoter.rs
+++ b/actix-router/src/quoter.rs
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ fn hex_pair_to_char(d1: u8, d2: u8) -> Option<u8> {
     let d_low = char::from(d2).to_digit(16)?;
 
     // left shift high nibble by 4 bits
-    Some((d_high as u8) << 4 | (d_low as u8))
+    Some(((d_high as u8) << 4) | (d_low as u8))
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Default, Clone)]
diff --git a/actix-router/src/resource.rs b/actix-router/src/resource.rs
index 3a102945b..b5ee01958 100644
--- a/actix-router/src/resource.rs
+++ b/actix-router/src/resource.rs
@@ -1021,6 +1021,7 @@ impl ResourceDef {
             panic!("prefix resource definitions should not have tail segments");
         }
 
+        #[allow(clippy::literal_string_with_formatting_args)]
         if unprocessed.ends_with('*') {
             // unnamed tail segment
 
@@ -1369,6 +1370,7 @@ mod tests {
         assert_eq!(path.unprocessed(), "");
     }
 
+    #[allow(clippy::literal_string_with_formatting_args)]
     #[test]
     fn newline_patterns_and_paths() {
         let re = ResourceDef::new("/user/a\nb");
diff --git a/actix-router/src/resource_path.rs b/actix-router/src/resource_path.rs
index 45948aa2a..610dc344d 100644
--- a/actix-router/src/resource_path.rs
+++ b/actix-router/src/resource_path.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ impl ResourcePath for String {
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a> ResourcePath for &'a str {
+impl ResourcePath for &str {
     fn path(&self) -> &str {
         self
     }
diff --git a/actix-router/src/router.rs b/actix-router/src/router.rs
index 1dd4449da..b20cb7ee3 100644
--- a/actix-router/src/router.rs
+++ b/actix-router/src/router.rs
@@ -145,6 +145,7 @@ mod tests {
     };
 
     #[allow(clippy::cognitive_complexity)]
+    #[allow(clippy::literal_string_with_formatting_args)]
     #[test]
     fn test_recognizer_1() {
         let mut router = Router::<usize>::build();
diff --git a/actix-test/Cargo.toml b/actix-test/Cargo.toml
index e810ae80b..34fdf2c82 100644
--- a/actix-test/Cargo.toml
+++ b/actix-test/Cargo.toml
@@ -73,3 +73,6 @@ tls-rustls-0_21 = { package = "rustls", version = "0.21", optional = true }
 tls-rustls-0_22 = { package = "rustls", version = "0.22", optional = true }
 tls-rustls-0_23 = { package = "rustls", version = "0.23", default-features = false, optional = true }
 tokio = { version = "1.24.2", features = ["sync"] }
+
+[lints]
+workspace = true
diff --git a/actix-test/src/lib.rs b/actix-test/src/lib.rs
index 9be99978d..f0da2c20d 100644
--- a/actix-test/src/lib.rs
+++ b/actix-test/src/lib.rs
@@ -27,8 +27,6 @@
 //! }
 //! ```
 
-#![deny(rust_2018_idioms, nonstandard_style)]
-#![warn(future_incompatible)]
 #![doc(html_logo_url = "https://actix.rs/img/logo.png")]
 #![doc(html_favicon_url = "https://actix.rs/favicon.ico")]
 #![cfg_attr(docsrs, feature(doc_auto_cfg))]
diff --git a/actix-web-actors/CHANGES.md b/actix-web-actors/CHANGES.md
index 3e854c0b8..3f214274d 100644
--- a/actix-web-actors/CHANGES.md
+++ b/actix-web-actors/CHANGES.md
@@ -2,7 +2,10 @@
 
 ## Unreleased
 
-- Take the encoded buffer when yielding bytes in the response stream rather than splitting the buffer, reducing memory use
+## 4.3.1 <!-- v4.3.1+deprecated -->
+
+- Reduce memory usage by `take`-ing (rather than `split`-ing) the encoded buffer when yielding bytes in the response stream.
+- Mark crate as deprecated.
 - Minimum supported Rust version (MSRV) is now 1.72.
 
 ## 4.3.0
diff --git a/actix-web-actors/Cargo.toml b/actix-web-actors/Cargo.toml
index 3c74a4f47..e7034ab84 100644
--- a/actix-web-actors/Cargo.toml
+++ b/actix-web-actors/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
 [package]
 name = "actix-web-actors"
-version = "4.3.0"
+version = "4.3.1+deprecated"
 authors = ["Nikolay Kim <fafhrd91@gmail.com>"]
 description = "Actix actors support for Actix Web"
 keywords = ["actix", "http", "web", "framework", "async"]
-homepage = "https://actix.rs"
-repository = "https://github.com/actix/actix-web"
-license = "MIT OR Apache-2.0"
-edition = "2021"
+homepage.workspace = true
+repository.workspace = true
+license.workspace = true
+edition.workspace = true
+rust-version.workspace = true
 
 [package.metadata.cargo_check_external_types]
 allowed_external_types = [
@@ -41,3 +42,6 @@ actix-web = { version = "4", features = ["macros"] }
 env_logger = "0.11"
 futures-util = { version = "0.3.17", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
 mime = "0.3"
+
+[lints]
+workspace = true
diff --git a/actix-web-actors/README.md b/actix-web-actors/README.md
index feb3d1b33..0ec91a224 100644
--- a/actix-web-actors/README.md
+++ b/actix-web-actors/README.md
@@ -1,15 +1,17 @@
 # `actix-web-actors`
 
 > Actix actors support for Actix Web.
+>
+> This crate is deprecated. Migrate to [`actix-ws`](https://crates.io/crates/actix-ws).
 
 <!-- prettier-ignore-start -->
 
 [![crates.io](https://img.shields.io/crates/v/actix-web-actors?label=latest)](https://crates.io/crates/actix-web-actors)
-[![Documentation](https://docs.rs/actix-web-actors/badge.svg?version=4.3.0)](https://docs.rs/actix-web-actors/4.3.0)
+[![Documentation](https://docs.rs/actix-web-actors/badge.svg?version=4.3.1)](https://docs.rs/actix-web-actors/4.3.1)
 ![Version](https://img.shields.io/badge/rustc-1.72+-ab6000.svg)
 ![License](https://img.shields.io/crates/l/actix-web-actors.svg)
 <br />
-[![dependency status](https://deps.rs/crate/actix-web-actors/4.3.0/status.svg)](https://deps.rs/crate/actix-web-actors/4.3.0)
+![maintenance-status](https://img.shields.io/badge/maintenance-deprecated-red.svg)
 [![Download](https://img.shields.io/crates/d/actix-web-actors.svg)](https://crates.io/crates/actix-web-actors)
 [![Chat on Discord](https://img.shields.io/discord/771444961383153695?label=chat&logo=discord)](https://discord.gg/NWpN5mmg3x)
 
diff --git a/actix-web-actors/src/lib.rs b/actix-web-actors/src/lib.rs
index d89b0ee35..4831d2637 100644
--- a/actix-web-actors/src/lib.rs
+++ b/actix-web-actors/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 //! Actix actors support for Actix Web.
 //!
+//! This crate is deprecated. Migrate to [`actix-ws`](https://crates.io/crates/actix-ws).
+//!
 //! # Examples
 //!
 //! ```no_run
@@ -55,8 +57,6 @@
 //! * [`HttpContext`]: This struct provides actor support for streaming HTTP responses.
 //!
 
-#![deny(rust_2018_idioms, nonstandard_style)]
-#![warn(future_incompatible)]
 #![doc(html_logo_url = "https://actix.rs/img/logo.png")]
 #![doc(html_favicon_url = "https://actix.rs/favicon.ico")]
 #![cfg_attr(docsrs, feature(doc_auto_cfg))]
diff --git a/actix-web-actors/src/ws.rs b/actix-web-actors/src/ws.rs
index 7f7607fa9..0002f87e2 100644
--- a/actix-web-actors/src/ws.rs
+++ b/actix-web-actors/src/ws.rs
@@ -796,11 +796,8 @@ where
             Some(frm) => {
                 let msg = match frm {
                     Frame::Text(data) => {
-                        Message::Text(ByteString::try_from(data).map_err(|e| {
-                            ProtocolError::Io(io::Error::new(
-                                io::ErrorKind::Other,
-                                format!("{}", e),
-                            ))
+                        Message::Text(ByteString::try_from(data).map_err(|err| {
+                            ProtocolError::Io(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::Other, err))
                         })?)
                     }
                     Frame::Binary(data) => Message::Binary(data),
diff --git a/actix-web-codegen/Cargo.toml b/actix-web-codegen/Cargo.toml
index 7500807d2..b61565951 100644
--- a/actix-web-codegen/Cargo.toml
+++ b/actix-web-codegen/Cargo.toml
@@ -34,4 +34,7 @@ actix-web = "4"
 
 futures-core = { version = "0.3.17", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
 trybuild = "1"
-rustversion = "1"
+rustversion-msrv = "0.100"
+
+[lints]
+workspace = true
diff --git a/actix-web-codegen/src/lib.rs b/actix-web-codegen/src/lib.rs
index c518007a0..e22bff8cd 100644
--- a/actix-web-codegen/src/lib.rs
+++ b/actix-web-codegen/src/lib.rs
@@ -73,8 +73,6 @@
 //! [DELETE]: macro@delete
 
 #![recursion_limit = "512"]
-#![deny(rust_2018_idioms, nonstandard_style)]
-#![warn(future_incompatible)]
 #![doc(html_logo_url = "https://actix.rs/img/logo.png")]
 #![doc(html_favicon_url = "https://actix.rs/favicon.ico")]
 #![cfg_attr(docsrs, feature(doc_auto_cfg))]
diff --git a/actix-web-codegen/tests/routes.rs b/actix-web-codegen/tests/routes.rs
index fb50d4ae0..1443f9a75 100644
--- a/actix-web-codegen/tests/routes.rs
+++ b/actix-web-codegen/tests/routes.rs
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ async fn routes_overlapping_inaccessible_test(req: HttpRequest) -> impl Responde
 }
 
 #[get("/custom_resource_name", name = "custom")]
-async fn custom_resource_name_test<'a>(req: HttpRequest) -> impl Responder {
+async fn custom_resource_name_test(req: HttpRequest) -> impl Responder {
     assert!(req.url_for_static("custom").is_ok());
     assert!(req.url_for_static("custom_resource_name_test").is_err());
     HttpResponse::Ok()
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ async fn custom_resource_name_test<'a>(req: HttpRequest) -> impl Responder {
 mod guard_module {
     use actix_web::{guard::GuardContext, http::header};
 
-    pub fn guard(ctx: &GuardContext) -> bool {
+    pub fn guard(ctx: &GuardContext<'_>) -> bool {
         ctx.header::<header::Accept>()
             .map(|h| h.preference() == "image/*")
             .unwrap_or(false)
diff --git a/actix-web-codegen/tests/scopes.rs b/actix-web-codegen/tests/scopes.rs
index 4ee6db16f..b8c832682 100644
--- a/actix-web-codegen/tests/scopes.rs
+++ b/actix-web-codegen/tests/scopes.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use actix_web::{guard::GuardContext, http, http::header, web, App, HttpResponse, Responder};
 use actix_web_codegen::{delete, get, post, route, routes, scope};
 
-pub fn image_guard(ctx: &GuardContext) -> bool {
+pub fn image_guard(ctx: &GuardContext<'_>) -> bool {
     ctx.header::<header::Accept>()
         .map(|h| h.preference() == "image/*")
         .unwrap_or(false)
diff --git a/actix-web-codegen/tests/trybuild.rs b/actix-web-codegen/tests/trybuild.rs
index 91073cf3b..0150d56f2 100644
--- a/actix-web-codegen/tests/trybuild.rs
+++ b/actix-web-codegen/tests/trybuild.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#[rustversion::stable(1.72)] // MSRV
+#[rustversion_msrv::msrv]
 #[test]
 fn compile_macros() {
     let t = trybuild::TestCases::new();
diff --git a/actix-web/CHANGES.md b/actix-web/CHANGES.md
index 1c8731a3e..ddab0e028 100644
--- a/actix-web/CHANGES.md
+++ b/actix-web/CHANGES.md
@@ -2,6 +2,35 @@
 
 ## Unreleased
 
+## 4.10.2
+
+- No significant changes since `4.10.1`.
+
+## 4.10.1
+
+- No significant changes since `4.10.0`.
+
+## 4.10.0
+
+### Added
+
+- Implement `Responder` for `Result<(), E: Into<Error>>`. Returning `Ok(())` responds with HTTP 204 No Content.
+
+### Changed
+
+- On Windows, an error is now returned from `HttpServer::bind()` (or TLS variants) when binding to a socket that's already in use.
+- Update `brotli` dependency to `7`.
+- Minimum supported Rust version (MSRV) is now 1.75.
+
+## 4.9.0
+
+### Added
+
+- Add `middleware::from_fn()` helper.
+- Add `web::ThinData` extractor.
+
+## 4.8.0
+
 ### Added
 
 - Add `web::Html` responder.
@@ -10,8 +39,9 @@
 
 ### Fixed
 
-- `ConnectionInfo::realip_remote_addr()` now handles IPv6 addresses from `Forwarded` header correctly. Previously, it sometimes returned the forwarded port as well.
+- Always remove port from return value of `ConnectionInfo::realip_remote_addr()` when handling IPv6 addresses. from the `Forwarded` header.
 - The `UrlencodedError::ContentType` variant (relevant to the `Form` extractor) now uses the 415 (Media Type Unsupported) status code in it's `ResponseError` implementation.
+- Apply `HttpServer::max_connection_rate()` setting when using rustls v0.22 or v0.23.
 
 ## 4.7.0
 
diff --git a/actix-web/Cargo.toml b/actix-web/Cargo.toml
index 8c1c9fbc6..86263811c 100644
--- a/actix-web/Cargo.toml
+++ b/actix-web/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "actix-web"
-version = "4.7.0"
+version = "4.10.2"
 description = "Actix Web is a powerful, pragmatic, and extremely fast web framework for Rust"
 authors = [
     "Nikolay Kim <fafhrd91@gmail.com>",
@@ -93,18 +93,18 @@ secure-cookies = ["cookies", "cookie/secure"]
 http2 = ["actix-http/http2"]
 
 # TLS via OpenSSL
-openssl = ["http2", "actix-http/openssl", "actix-tls/accept", "actix-tls/openssl"]
+openssl = ["__tls", "http2", "actix-http/openssl", "actix-tls/accept", "actix-tls/openssl"]
 
 # TLS via Rustls v0.20
 rustls = ["rustls-0_20"]
 # TLS via Rustls v0.20
-rustls-0_20 = ["http2", "actix-http/rustls-0_20", "actix-tls/accept", "actix-tls/rustls-0_20"]
+rustls-0_20 = ["__tls", "http2", "actix-http/rustls-0_20", "actix-tls/accept", "actix-tls/rustls-0_20"]
 # TLS via Rustls v0.21
-rustls-0_21 = ["http2", "actix-http/rustls-0_21", "actix-tls/accept", "actix-tls/rustls-0_21"]
+rustls-0_21 = ["__tls", "http2", "actix-http/rustls-0_21", "actix-tls/accept", "actix-tls/rustls-0_21"]
 # TLS via Rustls v0.22
-rustls-0_22 = ["http2", "actix-http/rustls-0_22", "actix-tls/accept", "actix-tls/rustls-0_22"]
+rustls-0_22 = ["__tls", "http2", "actix-http/rustls-0_22", "actix-tls/accept", "actix-tls/rustls-0_22"]
 # TLS via Rustls v0.23
-rustls-0_23 = ["http2", "actix-http/rustls-0_23", "actix-tls/accept", "actix-tls/rustls-0_23"]
+rustls-0_23 = ["__tls", "http2", "actix-http/rustls-0_23", "actix-tls/accept", "actix-tls/rustls-0_23"]
 
 # Full unicode support
 unicode = ["dep:regex", "actix-router/unicode"]
@@ -113,6 +113,10 @@ unicode = ["dep:regex", "actix-router/unicode"]
 # Don't rely on these whatsoever. They may disappear at anytime.
 __compress = []
 
+# Internal (PRIVATE!) features used to aid checking feature status.
+# Don't rely on these whatsoever. They may disappear at anytime.
+__tls = []
+
 # io-uring feature only available for Linux OSes.
 experimental-io-uring = ["actix-server/io-uring"]
 
@@ -133,24 +137,25 @@ actix-service = "2"
 actix-utils = "3"
 actix-tls = { version = "3.4", default-features = false, optional = true }
 
-actix-http = { version = "3.7", features = ["ws"] }
+actix-http = { version = "3.10", features = ["ws"] }
 actix-router = { version = "0.5.3", default-features = false, features = ["http"] }
 actix-web-codegen = { version = "4.3", optional = true, default-features = false }
 
-ahash = "0.8"
 bytes = "1"
 bytestring = "1"
 cfg-if = "1"
 cookie = { version = "0.16", features = ["percent-encode"], optional = true }
-derive_more = "0.99.8"
+derive_more = { version = "2", features = ["as_ref", "deref", "deref_mut", "display", "error", "from"] }
 encoding_rs = "0.8"
+foldhash = "0.1"
 futures-core = { version = "0.3.17", default-features = false }
 futures-util = { version = "0.3.17", default-features = false }
 itoa = "1"
+impl-more = "0.1.4"
 language-tags = "0.3"
 log = "0.4"
 mime = "0.3"
-once_cell = "1.5"
+once_cell = "1.21"
 pin-project-lite = "0.2.7"
 regex = { version = "1.5.5", optional = true }
 regex-lite = "0.1"
@@ -158,6 +163,7 @@ serde = "1.0"
 serde_json = "1.0"
 serde_urlencoded = "0.7"
 smallvec = "1.6.1"
+tracing = "0.1.30"
 socket2 = "0.5"
 time = { version = "0.3", default-features = false, features = ["formatting"] }
 url = "2.1"
@@ -167,17 +173,17 @@ actix-files = "0.6"
 actix-test = { version = "0.1", features = ["openssl", "rustls-0_23"] }
 awc = { version = "3", features = ["openssl"] }
 
-brotli = "6"
+brotli = "7"
 const-str = "0.5"
 core_affinity = "0.8"
 criterion = { version = "0.5", features = ["html_reports"] }
 env_logger = "0.11"
 flate2 = "1.0.13"
 futures-util = { version = "0.3.17", default-features = false, features = ["std"] }
-rand = "0.8"
+rand = "0.9"
 rcgen = "0.13"
 rustls-pemfile = "2"
-serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
+serde = { version = "1", features = ["derive"] }
 static_assertions = "1"
 tls-openssl = { package = "openssl", version = "0.10.55" }
 tls-rustls = { package = "rustls", version = "0.23" }
@@ -185,6 +191,9 @@ tokio = { version = "1.24.2", features = ["rt-multi-thread", "macros"] }
 zstd = "0.13"
 capture-logger = "0.1"
 
+[lints]
+workspace = true
+
 [[test]]
 name = "test_server"
 required-features = ["compress-brotli", "compress-gzip", "compress-zstd", "cookies"]
diff --git a/actix-web/README.md b/actix-web/README.md
index 3f9d3e0d5..63349a35a 100644
--- a/actix-web/README.md
+++ b/actix-web/README.md
@@ -8,13 +8,13 @@
 <!-- prettier-ignore-start -->
 
 [![crates.io](https://img.shields.io/crates/v/actix-web?label=latest)](https://crates.io/crates/actix-web)
-[![Documentation](https://docs.rs/actix-web/badge.svg?version=4.7.0)](https://docs.rs/actix-web/4.7.0)
+[![Documentation](https://docs.rs/actix-web/badge.svg?version=4.10.2)](https://docs.rs/actix-web/4.10.2)
 ![MSRV](https://img.shields.io/badge/rustc-1.72+-ab6000.svg)
 ![MIT or Apache 2.0 licensed](https://img.shields.io/crates/l/actix-web.svg)
-[![Dependency Status](https://deps.rs/crate/actix-web/4.7.0/status.svg)](https://deps.rs/crate/actix-web/4.7.0)
+[![Dependency Status](https://deps.rs/crate/actix-web/4.10.2/status.svg)](https://deps.rs/crate/actix-web/4.10.2)
 <br />
 [![CI](https://github.com/actix/actix-web/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/actix/actix-web/actions/workflows/ci.yml)
-[![codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/actix/actix-web/branch/master/graph/badge.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/actix/actix-web)
+[![codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/actix/actix-web/graph/badge.svg?token=dSwOnp9QCv)](https://codecov.io/gh/actix/actix-web)
 ![downloads](https://img.shields.io/crates/d/actix-web.svg)
 [![Chat on Discord](https://img.shields.io/discord/771444961383153695?label=chat&logo=discord)](https://discord.gg/NWpN5mmg3x)
 
diff --git a/actix-web/benches/responder.rs b/actix-web/benches/responder.rs
index c675eadff..489515e40 100644
--- a/actix-web/benches/responder.rs
+++ b/actix-web/benches/responder.rs
@@ -2,11 +2,9 @@ use std::{future::Future, time::Instant};
 
 use actix_http::body::BoxBody;
 use actix_utils::future::{ready, Ready};
-use actix_web::{
-    error, http::StatusCode, test::TestRequest, Error, HttpRequest, HttpResponse, Responder,
-};
+use actix_web::{http::StatusCode, test::TestRequest, Error, HttpRequest, HttpResponse, Responder};
 use criterion::{criterion_group, criterion_main, Criterion};
-use futures_util::future::{join_all, Either};
+use futures_util::future::join_all;
 
 // responder simulate the old responder trait.
 trait FutureResponder {
@@ -16,9 +14,6 @@ trait FutureResponder {
     fn future_respond_to(self, req: &HttpRequest) -> Self::Future;
 }
 
-// a simple option responder type.
-struct OptionResponder<T>(Option<T>);
-
 // a simple wrapper type around string
 struct StringResponder(String);
 
@@ -34,22 +29,6 @@ impl FutureResponder for StringResponder {
     }
 }
 
-impl<T> FutureResponder for OptionResponder<T>
-where
-    T: FutureResponder,
-    T::Future: Future<Output = Result<HttpResponse, Error>>,
-{
-    type Error = Error;
-    type Future = Either<T::Future, Ready<Result<HttpResponse, Self::Error>>>;
-
-    fn future_respond_to(self, req: &HttpRequest) -> Self::Future {
-        match self.0 {
-            Some(t) => Either::Left(t.future_respond_to(req)),
-            None => Either::Right(ready(Err(error::ErrorInternalServerError("err")))),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 impl Responder for StringResponder {
     type Body = BoxBody;
 
@@ -60,17 +39,6 @@ impl Responder for StringResponder {
     }
 }
 
-impl<T: Responder> Responder for OptionResponder<T> {
-    type Body = BoxBody;
-
-    fn respond_to(self, req: &HttpRequest) -> HttpResponse<Self::Body> {
-        match self.0 {
-            Some(t) => t.respond_to(req).map_into_boxed_body(),
-            None => HttpResponse::from_error(error::ErrorInternalServerError("err")),
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 fn future_responder(c: &mut Criterion) {
     let rt = actix_rt::System::new();
     let req = TestRequest::default().to_http_request();
diff --git a/actix-web/examples/from_fn.rs b/actix-web/examples/from_fn.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a6006d23c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actix-web/examples/from_fn.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+//! Shows a few of ways to use the `from_fn` middleware.
+
+use std::{collections::HashMap, io, rc::Rc, time::Duration};
+
+use actix_web::{
+    body::MessageBody,
+    dev::{Service, ServiceRequest, ServiceResponse, Transform},
+    http::header::{self, HeaderValue, Range},
+    middleware::{from_fn, Logger, Next},
+    web::{self, Header, Query},
+    App, Error, HttpResponse, HttpServer,
+};
+use tracing::info;
+
+async fn noop<B>(req: ServiceRequest, next: Next<B>) -> Result<ServiceResponse<B>, Error> {
+    next.call(req).await
+}
+
+async fn print_range_header<B>(
+    range_header: Option<Header<Range>>,
+    req: ServiceRequest,
+    next: Next<B>,
+) -> Result<ServiceResponse<B>, Error> {
+    if let Some(Header(range)) = range_header {
+        println!("Range: {range}");
+    } else {
+        println!("No Range header");
+    }
+
+    next.call(req).await
+}
+
+async fn mutate_body_type(
+    req: ServiceRequest,
+    next: Next<impl MessageBody + 'static>,
+) -> Result<ServiceResponse<impl MessageBody>, Error> {
+    let res = next.call(req).await?;
+    Ok(res.map_into_left_body::<()>())
+}
+
+async fn mutate_body_type_with_extractors(
+    string_body: String,
+    query: Query<HashMap<String, String>>,
+    req: ServiceRequest,
+    next: Next<impl MessageBody + 'static>,
+) -> Result<ServiceResponse<impl MessageBody>, Error> {
+    println!("body is: {string_body}");
+    println!("query string: {query:?}");
+
+    let res = next.call(req).await?;
+
+    Ok(res.map_body(move |_, _| string_body))
+}
+
+async fn timeout_10secs(
+    req: ServiceRequest,
+    next: Next<impl MessageBody + 'static>,
+) -> Result<ServiceResponse<impl MessageBody>, Error> {
+    match tokio::time::timeout(Duration::from_secs(10), next.call(req)).await {
+        Ok(res) => res,
+        Err(_err) => Err(actix_web::error::ErrorRequestTimeout("")),
+    }
+}
+
+struct MyMw(bool);
+
+impl MyMw {
+    async fn mw_cb(
+        &self,
+        req: ServiceRequest,
+        next: Next<impl MessageBody + 'static>,
+    ) -> Result<ServiceResponse<impl MessageBody>, Error> {
+        let mut res = match self.0 {
+            true => req.into_response("short-circuited").map_into_right_body(),
+            false => next.call(req).await?.map_into_left_body(),
+        };
+
+        res.headers_mut()
+            .insert(header::WARNING, HeaderValue::from_static("42"));
+
+        Ok(res)
+    }
+
+    pub fn into_middleware<S, B>(
+        self,
+    ) -> impl Transform<
+        S,
+        ServiceRequest,
+        Response = ServiceResponse<impl MessageBody>,
+        Error = Error,
+        InitError = (),
+    >
+    where
+        S: Service<ServiceRequest, Response = ServiceResponse<B>, Error = Error> + 'static,
+        B: MessageBody + 'static,
+    {
+        let this = Rc::new(self);
+        from_fn(move |req, next| {
+            let this = Rc::clone(&this);
+            async move { Self::mw_cb(&this, req, next).await }
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+#[actix_web::main]
+async fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
+    env_logger::init_from_env(env_logger::Env::new().default_filter_or("info"));
+
+    let bind = ("127.0.0.1", 8080);
+    info!("staring server at http://{}:{}", &bind.0, &bind.1);
+
+    HttpServer::new(|| {
+        App::new()
+            .wrap(from_fn(noop))
+            .wrap(from_fn(print_range_header))
+            .wrap(from_fn(mutate_body_type))
+            .wrap(from_fn(mutate_body_type_with_extractors))
+            .wrap(from_fn(timeout_10secs))
+            // switch bool to true to observe early response
+            .wrap(MyMw(false).into_middleware())
+            .wrap(Logger::default())
+            .default_service(web::to(HttpResponse::Ok))
+    })
+    .workers(1)
+    .bind(bind)?
+    .run()
+    .await
+}
diff --git a/actix-web/examples/middleware_from_fn.rs b/actix-web/examples/middleware_from_fn.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..da92ef05b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actix-web/examples/middleware_from_fn.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+//! Shows a couple of ways to use the `from_fn` middleware.
+
+use std::{collections::HashMap, io, rc::Rc, time::Duration};
+
+use actix_web::{
+    body::MessageBody,
+    dev::{Service, ServiceRequest, ServiceResponse, Transform},
+    http::header::{self, HeaderValue, Range},
+    middleware::{from_fn, Logger, Next},
+    web::{self, Header, Query},
+    App, Error, HttpResponse, HttpServer,
+};
+
+async fn noop<B>(req: ServiceRequest, next: Next<B>) -> Result<ServiceResponse<B>, Error> {
+    next.call(req).await
+}
+
+async fn print_range_header<B>(
+    range_header: Option<Header<Range>>,
+    req: ServiceRequest,
+    next: Next<B>,
+) -> Result<ServiceResponse<B>, Error> {
+    if let Some(Header(range)) = range_header {
+        println!("Range: {range}");
+    } else {
+        println!("No Range header");
+    }
+
+    next.call(req).await
+}
+
+async fn mutate_body_type(
+    req: ServiceRequest,
+    next: Next<impl MessageBody + 'static>,
+) -> Result<ServiceResponse<impl MessageBody>, Error> {
+    let res = next.call(req).await?;
+    Ok(res.map_into_left_body::<()>())
+}
+
+async fn mutate_body_type_with_extractors(
+    string_body: String,
+    query: Query<HashMap<String, String>>,
+    req: ServiceRequest,
+    next: Next<impl MessageBody + 'static>,
+) -> Result<ServiceResponse<impl MessageBody>, Error> {
+    println!("body is: {string_body}");
+    println!("query string: {query:?}");
+
+    let res = next.call(req).await?;
+
+    Ok(res.map_body(move |_, _| string_body))
+}
+
+async fn timeout_10secs(
+    req: ServiceRequest,
+    next: Next<impl MessageBody + 'static>,
+) -> Result<ServiceResponse<impl MessageBody>, Error> {
+    match tokio::time::timeout(Duration::from_secs(10), next.call(req)).await {
+        Ok(res) => res,
+        Err(_err) => Err(actix_web::error::ErrorRequestTimeout("")),
+    }
+}
+
+struct MyMw(bool);
+
+impl MyMw {
+    async fn mw_cb(
+        &self,
+        req: ServiceRequest,
+        next: Next<impl MessageBody + 'static>,
+    ) -> Result<ServiceResponse<impl MessageBody>, Error> {
+        let mut res = match self.0 {
+            true => req.into_response("short-circuited").map_into_right_body(),
+            false => next.call(req).await?.map_into_left_body(),
+        };
+
+        res.headers_mut()
+            .insert(header::WARNING, HeaderValue::from_static("42"));
+
+        Ok(res)
+    }
+
+    pub fn into_middleware<S, B>(
+        self,
+    ) -> impl Transform<
+        S,
+        ServiceRequest,
+        Response = ServiceResponse<impl MessageBody>,
+        Error = Error,
+        InitError = (),
+    >
+    where
+        S: Service<ServiceRequest, Response = ServiceResponse<B>, Error = Error> + 'static,
+        B: MessageBody + 'static,
+    {
+        let this = Rc::new(self);
+        from_fn(move |req, next| {
+            let this = Rc::clone(&this);
+            async move { Self::mw_cb(&this, req, next).await }
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+#[actix_web::main]
+async fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
+    env_logger::init_from_env(env_logger::Env::new().default_filter_or("info"));
+
+    let bind = ("127.0.0.1", 8080);
+    log::info!("staring server at http://{}:{}", &bind.0, &bind.1);
+
+    HttpServer::new(|| {
+        App::new()
+            .wrap(from_fn(noop))
+            .wrap(from_fn(print_range_header))
+            .wrap(from_fn(mutate_body_type))
+            .wrap(from_fn(mutate_body_type_with_extractors))
+            .wrap(from_fn(timeout_10secs))
+            // switch bool to true to observe early response
+            .wrap(MyMw(false).into_middleware())
+            .wrap(Logger::default())
+            .default_service(web::to(HttpResponse::Ok))
+    })
+    .workers(1)
+    .bind(bind)?
+    .run()
+    .await
+}
diff --git a/actix-web/src/app.rs b/actix-web/src/app.rs
index 3d86d1f9b..f12d39979 100644
--- a/actix-web/src/app.rs
+++ b/actix-web/src/app.rs
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ impl App<AppEntry> {
         let factory_ref = Rc::new(RefCell::new(None));
 
         App {
-            endpoint: AppEntry::new(factory_ref.clone()),
+            endpoint: AppEntry::new(Rc::clone(&factory_ref)),
             data_factories: Vec::new(),
             services: Vec::new(),
             default: None,
@@ -234,7 +234,6 @@ where
     ///
     /// * *Resource* is an entry in resource table which corresponds to requested URL.
     /// * *Scope* is a set of resources with common root path.
-    /// * "StaticFiles" is a service for static files support
     pub fn service<F>(mut self, factory: F) -> Self
     where
         F: HttpServiceFactory + 'static,
@@ -270,9 +269,9 @@ where
             + 'static,
         U::InitError: fmt::Debug,
     {
-        let svc = svc
-            .into_factory()
-            .map_init_err(|e| log::error!("Can not construct default service: {:?}", e));
+        let svc = svc.into_factory().map_init_err(|err| {
+            log::error!("Can not construct default service: {err:?}");
+        });
 
         self.default = Some(Rc::new(boxed::factory(svc)));
 
diff --git a/actix-web/src/app_service.rs b/actix-web/src/app_service.rs
index 65a6ed87b..7aa16b790 100644
--- a/actix-web/src/app_service.rs
+++ b/actix-web/src/app_service.rs
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ where
         });
 
         // create App config to pass to child services
-        let mut config = AppService::new(config, default.clone());
+        let mut config = AppService::new(config, Rc::clone(&default));
 
         // register services
         mem::take(&mut *self.services.borrow_mut())
diff --git a/actix-web/src/config.rs b/actix-web/src/config.rs
index 5e8b056f1..0e856f574 100644
--- a/actix-web/src/config.rs
+++ b/actix-web/src/config.rs
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ impl AppService {
     pub(crate) fn clone_config(&self) -> Self {
         AppService {
             config: self.config.clone(),
-            default: self.default.clone(),
+            default: Rc::clone(&self.default),
             services: Vec::new(),
             root: false,
         }
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ impl AppService {
 
     /// Returns default handler factory.
     pub fn default_service(&self) -> Rc<BoxedHttpServiceFactory> {
-        self.default.clone()
+        Rc::clone(&self.default)
     }
 
     /// Register HTTP service.
diff --git a/actix-web/src/data.rs b/actix-web/src/data.rs
index acbb8e23a..088df55d2 100644
--- a/actix-web/src/data.rs
+++ b/actix-web/src/data.rs
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ impl<T: ?Sized + 'static> FromRequest for Data<T> {
 
 impl<T: ?Sized + 'static> DataFactory for Data<T> {
     fn create(&self, extensions: &mut Extensions) -> bool {
-        extensions.insert(Data(self.0.clone()));
+        extensions.insert(Data(Arc::clone(&self.0)));
         true
     }
 }
diff --git a/actix-web/src/error/mod.rs b/actix-web/src/error/mod.rs
index 25535332c..b2f672720 100644
--- a/actix-web/src/error/mod.rs
+++ b/actix-web/src/error/mod.rs
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ pub type Result<T, E = Error> = std::result::Result<T, E>;
 
 /// An error representing a problem running a blocking task on a thread pool.
 #[derive(Debug, Display, Error)]
-#[display(fmt = "Blocking thread pool is shut down unexpectedly")]
+#[display("Blocking thread pool is shut down unexpectedly")]
 #[non_exhaustive]
 pub struct BlockingError;
 
@@ -40,15 +40,15 @@ impl ResponseError for crate::error::BlockingError {}
 #[non_exhaustive]
 pub enum UrlGenerationError {
     /// Resource not found.
-    #[display(fmt = "Resource not found")]
+    #[display("Resource not found")]
     ResourceNotFound,
 
     /// Not all URL parameters covered.
-    #[display(fmt = "Not all URL parameters covered")]
+    #[display("Not all URL parameters covered")]
     NotEnoughElements,
 
     /// URL parse error.
-    #[display(fmt = "{}", _0)]
+    #[display("{}", _0)]
     ParseError(UrlParseError),
 }
 
@@ -59,39 +59,39 @@ impl ResponseError for UrlGenerationError {}
 #[non_exhaustive]
 pub enum UrlencodedError {
     /// Can not decode chunked transfer encoding.
-    #[display(fmt = "Can not decode chunked transfer encoding.")]
+    #[display("Can not decode chunked transfer encoding.")]
     Chunked,
 
     /// Payload size is larger than allowed. (default limit: 256kB).
     #[display(
-        fmt = "URL encoded payload is larger ({} bytes) than allowed (limit: {} bytes).",
+        "URL encoded payload is larger ({} bytes) than allowed (limit: {} bytes).",
         size,
         limit
     )]
     Overflow { size: usize, limit: usize },
 
     /// Payload size is now known.
-    #[display(fmt = "Payload size is now known.")]
+    #[display("Payload size is now known.")]
     UnknownLength,
 
     /// Content type error.
-    #[display(fmt = "Content type error.")]
+    #[display("Content type error.")]
     ContentType,
 
     /// Parse error.
-    #[display(fmt = "Parse error: {}.", _0)]
+    #[display("Parse error: {}.", _0)]
     Parse(FormDeError),
 
     /// Encoding error.
-    #[display(fmt = "Encoding error.")]
+    #[display("Encoding error.")]
     Encoding,
 
     /// Serialize error.
-    #[display(fmt = "Serialize error: {}.", _0)]
+    #[display("Serialize error: {}.", _0)]
     Serialize(FormError),
 
     /// Payload error.
-    #[display(fmt = "Error that occur during reading payload: {}.", _0)]
+    #[display("Error that occur during reading payload: {}.", _0)]
     Payload(PayloadError),
 }
 
@@ -113,30 +113,30 @@ impl ResponseError for UrlencodedError {
 pub enum JsonPayloadError {
     /// Payload size is bigger than allowed & content length header set. (default: 2MB)
     #[display(
-        fmt = "JSON payload ({} bytes) is larger than allowed (limit: {} bytes).",
+        "JSON payload ({} bytes) is larger than allowed (limit: {} bytes).",
         length,
         limit
     )]
     OverflowKnownLength { length: usize, limit: usize },
 
     /// Payload size is bigger than allowed but no content length header set. (default: 2MB)
-    #[display(fmt = "JSON payload has exceeded limit ({} bytes).", limit)]
+    #[display("JSON payload has exceeded limit ({} bytes).", limit)]
     Overflow { limit: usize },
 
     /// Content type error
-    #[display(fmt = "Content type error")]
+    #[display("Content type error")]
     ContentType,
 
     /// Deserialize error
-    #[display(fmt = "Json deserialize error: {}", _0)]
+    #[display("Json deserialize error: {}", _0)]
     Deserialize(JsonError),
 
     /// Serialize error
-    #[display(fmt = "Json serialize error: {}", _0)]
+    #[display("Json serialize error: {}", _0)]
     Serialize(JsonError),
 
     /// Payload error
-    #[display(fmt = "Error that occur during reading payload: {}", _0)]
+    #[display("Error that occur during reading payload: {}", _0)]
     Payload(PayloadError),
 }
 
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ impl ResponseError for JsonPayloadError {
 #[non_exhaustive]
 pub enum PathError {
     /// Deserialize error
-    #[display(fmt = "Path deserialize error: {}", _0)]
+    #[display("Path deserialize error: {}", _0)]
     Deserialize(serde::de::value::Error),
 }
 
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ impl ResponseError for PathError {
 #[non_exhaustive]
 pub enum QueryPayloadError {
     /// Query deserialize error.
-    #[display(fmt = "Query deserialize error: {}", _0)]
+    #[display("Query deserialize error: {}", _0)]
     Deserialize(serde::de::value::Error),
 }
 
@@ -196,20 +196,20 @@ impl ResponseError for QueryPayloadError {
 #[derive(Debug, Display, Error, From)]
 #[non_exhaustive]
 pub enum ReadlinesError {
-    #[display(fmt = "Encoding error")]
+    #[display("Encoding error")]
     /// Payload size is bigger than allowed. (default: 256kB)
     EncodingError,
 
     /// Payload error.
-    #[display(fmt = "Error that occur during reading payload: {}", _0)]
+    #[display("Error that occur during reading payload: {}", _0)]
     Payload(PayloadError),
 
     /// Line limit exceeded.
-    #[display(fmt = "Line limit exceeded")]
+    #[display("Line limit exceeded")]
     LimitOverflow,
 
     /// ContentType error.
-    #[display(fmt = "Content-type error")]
+    #[display("Content-type error")]
     ContentTypeError(ContentTypeError),
 }
 
diff --git a/actix-web/src/handler.rs b/actix-web/src/handler.rs
index 6e4e2250a..10015cb69 100644
--- a/actix-web/src/handler.rs
+++ b/actix-web/src/handler.rs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ use crate::{
 /// 1. It is an async function (or a function/closure that returns an appropriate future);
 /// 1. The function parameters (up to 12) implement [`FromRequest`];
 /// 1. The async function (or future) resolves to a type that can be converted into an
-///   [`HttpResponse`] (i.e., it implements the [`Responder`] trait).
+///    [`HttpResponse`] (i.e., it implements the [`Responder`] trait).
 ///
 ///
 /// # Compiler Errors
diff --git a/actix-web/src/helpers.rs b/actix-web/src/helpers.rs
index 1d2679fce..c7b33a083 100644
--- a/actix-web/src/helpers.rs
+++ b/actix-web/src/helpers.rs
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ use bytes::BufMut;
 /// perform a remaining length check before writing.
 pub(crate) struct MutWriter<'a, B>(pub(crate) &'a mut B);
 
-impl<'a, B> io::Write for MutWriter<'a, B>
+impl<B> io::Write for MutWriter<'_, B>
 where
     B: BufMut,
 {
diff --git a/actix-web/src/http/header/content_disposition.rs b/actix-web/src/http/header/content_disposition.rs
index 9725cd19b..c836b1073 100644
--- a/actix-web/src/http/header/content_disposition.rs
+++ b/actix-web/src/http/header/content_disposition.rs
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ impl DispositionParam {
     #[inline]
     pub fn as_name(&self) -> Option<&str> {
         match self {
-            DispositionParam::Name(ref name) => Some(name.as_str()),
+            DispositionParam::Name(name) => Some(name.as_str()),
             _ => None,
         }
     }
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ impl DispositionParam {
     #[inline]
     pub fn as_filename(&self) -> Option<&str> {
         match self {
-            DispositionParam::Filename(ref filename) => Some(filename.as_str()),
+            DispositionParam::Filename(filename) => Some(filename.as_str()),
             _ => None,
         }
     }
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ impl DispositionParam {
     #[inline]
     pub fn as_filename_ext(&self) -> Option<&ExtendedValue> {
         match self {
-            DispositionParam::FilenameExt(ref value) => Some(value),
+            DispositionParam::FilenameExt(value) => Some(value),
             _ => None,
         }
     }
@@ -206,11 +206,11 @@ impl DispositionParam {
     }
 }
 
-/// A *Content-Disposition* header. It is compatible to be used either as
-/// [a response header for the main body](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Content-Disposition#as_a_response_header_for_the_main_body)
-/// as (re)defined in [RFC 6266](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6266), or as
-/// [a header for a multipart body](https://mdn.io/Content-Disposition#As_a_header_for_a_multipart_body)
-/// as (re)defined in [RFC 7587](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7578).
+/// `Content-Disposition` header.
+///
+/// It is compatible to be used either as [a response header for the main body][use_main_body]
+/// as (re)defined in [RFC 6266], or as [a header for a multipart body][use_multipart] as
+/// (re)defined in [RFC 7587].
 ///
 /// In a regular HTTP response, the *Content-Disposition* response header is a header indicating if
 /// the content is expected to be displayed *inline* in the browser, that is, as a Web page or as
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@ impl DispositionParam {
 ///     parameters: vec![DispositionParam::FilenameExt(ExtendedValue {
 ///         charset: Charset::Iso_8859_1, // The character set for the bytes of the filename
 ///         language_tag: None, // The optional language tag (see `language-tag` crate)
-///         value: b"\xa9 Copyright 1989.txt".to_vec(), // the actual bytes of the filename
+///         value: b"\xA9 Ferris 2011.txt".to_vec(), // the actual bytes of the filename
 ///     })],
 /// };
 /// assert!(cd1.is_attachment());
@@ -305,6 +305,11 @@ impl DispositionParam {
 /// change to match local file system conventions if applicable, and do not use directory path
 /// information that may be present.
 /// See [RFC 2183 §2.3](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2183#section-2.3).
+///
+/// [use_main_body]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Content-Disposition#as_a_response_header_for_the_main_body
+/// [RFC 6266]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6266
+/// [use_multipart]: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Content-Disposition#as_a_header_for_a_multipart_body
+/// [RFC 7587]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7578
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct ContentDisposition {
     /// The disposition type
@@ -493,7 +498,7 @@ impl Header for ContentDisposition {
     }
 
     fn parse<T: crate::HttpMessage>(msg: &T) -> Result<Self, crate::error::ParseError> {
-        if let Some(h) = msg.headers().get(&Self::name()) {
+        if let Some(h) = msg.headers().get(Self::name()) {
             Self::from_raw(h)
         } else {
             Err(crate::error::ParseError::Header)
diff --git a/actix-web/src/http/header/range.rs b/actix-web/src/http/header/range.rs
index 2326bb19c..4a5d95d93 100644
--- a/actix-web/src/http/header/range.rs
+++ b/actix-web/src/http/header/range.rs
@@ -107,16 +107,16 @@ impl ByteRangeSpec {
     /// satisfiable if they meet the following conditions:
     ///
     /// > If a valid byte-range-set includes at least one byte-range-spec with a first-byte-pos that
-    /// is less than the current length of the representation, or at least one
-    /// suffix-byte-range-spec with a non-zero suffix-length, then the byte-range-set
-    /// is satisfiable. Otherwise, the byte-range-set is unsatisfiable.
+    /// > is less than the current length of the representation, or at least one
+    /// > suffix-byte-range-spec with a non-zero suffix-length, then the byte-range-set is
+    /// > satisfiable. Otherwise, the byte-range-set is unsatisfiable.
     ///
     /// The function also computes remainder ranges based on the RFC:
     ///
     /// > If the last-byte-pos value is absent, or if the value is greater than or equal to the
-    /// current length of the representation data, the byte range is interpreted as the remainder
-    /// of the representation (i.e., the server replaces the value of last-byte-pos with a value
-    /// that is one less than the current length of the selected representation).
+    /// > current length of the representation data, the byte range is interpreted as the remainder
+    /// > of the representation (i.e., the server replaces the value of last-byte-pos with a value
+    /// > that is one less than the current length of the selected representation).
     ///
     /// [RFC 7233 §2.1]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7233
     pub fn to_satisfiable_range(&self, full_length: u64) -> Option<(u64, u64)> {
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ impl Header for Range {
 
     #[inline]
     fn parse<T: HttpMessage>(msg: &T) -> Result<Self, ParseError> {
-        header::from_one_raw_str(msg.headers().get(&Self::name()))
+        header::from_one_raw_str(msg.headers().get(Self::name()))
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/actix-web/src/info.rs b/actix-web/src/info.rs
index 1b2e554f9..76ca28ea7 100644
--- a/actix-web/src/info.rs
+++ b/actix-web/src/info.rs
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ impl FromRequest for ConnectionInfo {
 /// # let _svc = actix_web::web::to(handler);
 /// ```
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord, Display)]
-#[display(fmt = "{}", _0)]
+#[display("{}", _0)]
 pub struct PeerAddr(pub SocketAddr);
 
 impl PeerAddr {
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ impl PeerAddr {
 
 #[derive(Debug, Display, Error)]
 #[non_exhaustive]
-#[display(fmt = "Missing peer address")]
+#[display("Missing peer address")]
 pub struct MissingPeerAddr;
 
 impl ResponseError for MissingPeerAddr {}
diff --git a/actix-web/src/lib.rs b/actix-web/src/lib.rs
index 205391388..e2a8e2275 100644
--- a/actix-web/src/lib.rs
+++ b/actix-web/src/lib.rs
@@ -70,8 +70,6 @@
 //! - `rustls-0_23` - HTTPS support via `rustls` 0.23 crate, supports `HTTP/2`
 //! - `secure-cookies` - secure cookies support
 
-#![deny(rust_2018_idioms, nonstandard_style)]
-#![warn(future_incompatible)]
 #![doc(html_logo_url = "https://actix.rs/img/logo.png")]
 #![doc(html_favicon_url = "https://actix.rs/favicon.ico")]
 #![cfg_attr(docsrs, feature(doc_auto_cfg))]
@@ -106,6 +104,7 @@ mod scope;
 mod server;
 mod service;
 pub mod test;
+mod thin_data;
 pub(crate) mod types;
 pub mod web;
 
diff --git a/actix-web/src/middleware/default_headers.rs b/actix-web/src/middleware/default_headers.rs
index f21afe6eb..2669a047e 100644
--- a/actix-web/src/middleware/default_headers.rs
+++ b/actix-web/src/middleware/default_headers.rs
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ where
     actix_service::forward_ready!(service);
 
     fn call(&self, req: ServiceRequest) -> Self::Future {
-        let inner = self.inner.clone();
+        let inner = Rc::clone(&self.inner);
         let fut = self.service.call(req);
 
         DefaultHeaderFuture {
diff --git a/actix-web/src/middleware/err_handlers.rs b/actix-web/src/middleware/err_handlers.rs
index aa6d1c8a4..649c1a97a 100644
--- a/actix-web/src/middleware/err_handlers.rs
+++ b/actix-web/src/middleware/err_handlers.rs
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ use std::{
 };
 
 use actix_service::{Service, Transform};
-use ahash::AHashMap;
+use foldhash::HashMap as FoldHashMap;
 use futures_core::{future::LocalBoxFuture, ready};
 use pin_project_lite::pin_project;
 
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ pub struct ErrorHandlers<B> {
     handlers: Handlers<B>,
 }
 
-type Handlers<B> = Rc<AHashMap<StatusCode, Box<ErrorHandler<B>>>>;
+type Handlers<B> = Rc<FoldHashMap<StatusCode, Box<ErrorHandler<B>>>>;
 
 impl<B> Default for ErrorHandlers<B> {
     fn default() -> Self {
@@ -220,16 +220,20 @@ impl<B> ErrorHandlers<B> {
     /// [`.handler()`][ErrorHandlers::handler]) will fall back on this.
     ///
     /// Note that this will overwrite any default handlers previously set by calling
-    /// [`.default_handler_client()`][ErrorHandlers::default_handler_client] or
-    /// [`.default_handler_server()`][ErrorHandlers::default_handler_server], but not any set by
-    /// calling [`.handler()`][ErrorHandlers::handler].
+    /// [`default_handler_client()`] or [`.default_handler_server()`], but not any set by calling
+    /// [`.handler()`].
+    ///
+    /// [`default_handler_client()`]: ErrorHandlers::default_handler_client
+    /// [`.default_handler_server()`]: ErrorHandlers::default_handler_server
+    /// [`.handler()`]: ErrorHandlers::handler
     pub fn default_handler<F>(self, handler: F) -> Self
     where
         F: Fn(ServiceResponse<B>) -> Result<ErrorHandlerResponse<B>> + 'static,
     {
         let handler = Rc::new(handler);
+        let handler2 = Rc::clone(&handler);
         Self {
-            default_server: Some(handler.clone()),
+            default_server: Some(handler2),
             default_client: Some(handler),
             ..self
         }
@@ -288,7 +292,7 @@ where
     type Future = LocalBoxFuture<'static, Result<Self::Transform, Self::InitError>>;
 
     fn new_transform(&self, service: S) -> Self::Future {
-        let handlers = self.handlers.clone();
+        let handlers = Rc::clone(&self.handlers);
         let default_client = self.default_client.clone();
         let default_server = self.default_server.clone();
         Box::pin(async move {
@@ -323,7 +327,7 @@ where
     actix_service::forward_ready!(service);
 
     fn call(&self, req: ServiceRequest) -> Self::Future {
-        let handlers = self.handlers.clone();
+        let handlers = Rc::clone(&self.handlers);
         let default_client = self.default_client.clone();
         let default_server = self.default_server.clone();
         let fut = self.service.call(req);
diff --git a/actix-web/src/middleware/from_fn.rs b/actix-web/src/middleware/from_fn.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..608833319
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actix-web/src/middleware/from_fn.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,349 @@
+use std::{future::Future, marker::PhantomData, rc::Rc};
+
+use actix_service::boxed::{self, BoxFuture, RcService};
+use actix_utils::future::{ready, Ready};
+use futures_core::future::LocalBoxFuture;
+
+use crate::{
+    body::MessageBody,
+    dev::{forward_ready, Service, ServiceRequest, ServiceResponse, Transform},
+    Error, FromRequest,
+};
+
+/// Wraps an async function to be used as a middleware.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// The wrapped function should have the following form:
+///
+/// ```
+/// # use actix_web::{
+/// #     App, Error,
+/// #     body::MessageBody,
+/// #     dev::{ServiceRequest, ServiceResponse, Service as _},
+/// # };
+/// use actix_web::middleware::{self, Next};
+///
+/// async fn my_mw(
+///     req: ServiceRequest,
+///     next: Next<impl MessageBody>,
+/// ) -> Result<ServiceResponse<impl MessageBody>, Error> {
+///     // pre-processing
+///     next.call(req).await
+///     // post-processing
+/// }
+/// # App::new().wrap(middleware::from_fn(my_mw));
+/// ```
+///
+/// Then use in an app builder like this:
+///
+/// ```
+/// use actix_web::{
+///     App, Error,
+///     dev::{ServiceRequest, ServiceResponse, Service as _},
+/// };
+/// use actix_web::middleware::from_fn;
+/// # use actix_web::middleware::Next;
+/// # async fn my_mw<B>(req: ServiceRequest, next: Next<B>) -> Result<ServiceResponse<B>, Error> {
+/// #     next.call(req).await
+/// # }
+///
+/// App::new()
+///     .wrap(from_fn(my_mw))
+/// # ;
+/// ```
+///
+/// It is also possible to write a middleware that automatically uses extractors, similar to request
+/// handlers, by declaring them as the first parameters. As usual, **take care with extractors that
+/// consume the body stream**, since handlers will no longer be able to read it again without
+/// putting the body "back" into the request object within your middleware.
+///
+/// ```
+/// # use std::collections::HashMap;
+/// # use actix_web::{
+/// #     App, Error,
+/// #     body::MessageBody,
+/// #     dev::{ServiceRequest, ServiceResponse},
+/// #     http::header::{Accept, Date},
+/// #     web::{Header, Query},
+/// # };
+/// use actix_web::middleware::Next;
+///
+/// async fn my_extracting_mw(
+///     accept: Header<Accept>,
+///     query: Query<HashMap<String, String>>,
+///     req: ServiceRequest,
+///     next: Next<impl MessageBody>,
+/// ) -> Result<ServiceResponse<impl MessageBody>, Error> {
+///     // pre-processing
+///     next.call(req).await
+///     // post-processing
+/// }
+/// # App::new().wrap(actix_web::middleware::from_fn(my_extracting_mw));
+pub fn from_fn<F, Es>(mw_fn: F) -> MiddlewareFn<F, Es> {
+    MiddlewareFn {
+        mw_fn: Rc::new(mw_fn),
+        _phantom: PhantomData,
+    }
+}
+
+/// Middleware transform for [`from_fn`].
+#[allow(missing_debug_implementations)]
+pub struct MiddlewareFn<F, Es> {
+    mw_fn: Rc<F>,
+    _phantom: PhantomData<Es>,
+}
+
+impl<S, F, Fut, B, B2> Transform<S, ServiceRequest> for MiddlewareFn<F, ()>
+where
+    S: Service<ServiceRequest, Response = ServiceResponse<B>, Error = Error> + 'static,
+    F: Fn(ServiceRequest, Next<B>) -> Fut + 'static,
+    Fut: Future<Output = Result<ServiceResponse<B2>, Error>>,
+    B2: MessageBody,
+{
+    type Response = ServiceResponse<B2>;
+    type Error = Error;
+    type Transform = MiddlewareFnService<F, B, ()>;
+    type InitError = ();
+    type Future = Ready<Result<Self::Transform, Self::InitError>>;
+
+    fn new_transform(&self, service: S) -> Self::Future {
+        ready(Ok(MiddlewareFnService {
+            service: boxed::rc_service(service),
+            mw_fn: Rc::clone(&self.mw_fn),
+            _phantom: PhantomData,
+        }))
+    }
+}
+
+/// Middleware service for [`from_fn`].
+#[allow(missing_debug_implementations)]
+pub struct MiddlewareFnService<F, B, Es> {
+    service: RcService<ServiceRequest, ServiceResponse<B>, Error>,
+    mw_fn: Rc<F>,
+    _phantom: PhantomData<(B, Es)>,
+}
+
+impl<F, Fut, B, B2> Service<ServiceRequest> for MiddlewareFnService<F, B, ()>
+where
+    F: Fn(ServiceRequest, Next<B>) -> Fut,
+    Fut: Future<Output = Result<ServiceResponse<B2>, Error>>,
+    B2: MessageBody,
+{
+    type Response = ServiceResponse<B2>;
+    type Error = Error;
+    type Future = Fut;
+
+    forward_ready!(service);
+
+    fn call(&self, req: ServiceRequest) -> Self::Future {
+        (self.mw_fn)(
+            req,
+            Next::<B> {
+                service: Rc::clone(&self.service),
+            },
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+macro_rules! impl_middleware_fn_service {
+    ($($ext_type:ident),*) => {
+        impl<S, F, Fut, B, B2, $($ext_type),*> Transform<S, ServiceRequest> for MiddlewareFn<F, ($($ext_type),*,)>
+        where
+            S: Service<ServiceRequest, Response = ServiceResponse<B>, Error = Error> + 'static,
+            F: Fn($($ext_type),*, ServiceRequest, Next<B>) -> Fut + 'static,
+            $($ext_type: FromRequest + 'static,)*
+            Fut: Future<Output = Result<ServiceResponse<B2>, Error>> + 'static,
+            B: MessageBody + 'static,
+            B2: MessageBody + 'static,
+        {
+            type Response = ServiceResponse<B2>;
+            type Error = Error;
+            type Transform = MiddlewareFnService<F, B, ($($ext_type,)*)>;
+            type InitError = ();
+            type Future = Ready<Result<Self::Transform, Self::InitError>>;
+
+            fn new_transform(&self, service: S) -> Self::Future {
+                ready(Ok(MiddlewareFnService {
+                    service: boxed::rc_service(service),
+                    mw_fn: Rc::clone(&self.mw_fn),
+                    _phantom: PhantomData,
+                }))
+            }
+        }
+
+        impl<F, $($ext_type),*, Fut, B: 'static, B2> Service<ServiceRequest>
+            for MiddlewareFnService<F, B, ($($ext_type),*,)>
+        where
+            F: Fn(
+                $($ext_type),*,
+                ServiceRequest,
+                Next<B>
+            ) -> Fut + 'static,
+            $($ext_type: FromRequest + 'static,)*
+            Fut: Future<Output = Result<ServiceResponse<B2>, Error>> + 'static,
+            B2: MessageBody + 'static,
+        {
+            type Response = ServiceResponse<B2>;
+            type Error = Error;
+            type Future = LocalBoxFuture<'static, Result<Self::Response, Self::Error>>;
+
+            forward_ready!(service);
+
+            #[allow(nonstandard_style)]
+            fn call(&self, mut req: ServiceRequest) -> Self::Future {
+                let mw_fn = Rc::clone(&self.mw_fn);
+                let service = Rc::clone(&self.service);
+
+                Box::pin(async move {
+                    let ($($ext_type,)*) = req.extract::<($($ext_type,)*)>().await?;
+
+                    (mw_fn)($($ext_type),*, req, Next::<B> { service }).await
+                })
+            }
+        }
+    };
+}
+
+impl_middleware_fn_service!(E1);
+impl_middleware_fn_service!(E1, E2);
+impl_middleware_fn_service!(E1, E2, E3);
+impl_middleware_fn_service!(E1, E2, E3, E4);
+impl_middleware_fn_service!(E1, E2, E3, E4, E5);
+impl_middleware_fn_service!(E1, E2, E3, E4, E5, E6);
+impl_middleware_fn_service!(E1, E2, E3, E4, E5, E6, E7);
+impl_middleware_fn_service!(E1, E2, E3, E4, E5, E6, E7, E8);
+impl_middleware_fn_service!(E1, E2, E3, E4, E5, E6, E7, E8, E9);
+
+/// Wraps the "next" service in the middleware chain.
+#[allow(missing_debug_implementations)]
+pub struct Next<B> {
+    service: RcService<ServiceRequest, ServiceResponse<B>, Error>,
+}
+
+impl<B> Next<B> {
+    /// Equivalent to `Service::call(self, req)`.
+    pub fn call(&self, req: ServiceRequest) -> <Self as Service<ServiceRequest>>::Future {
+        Service::call(self, req)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<B> Service<ServiceRequest> for Next<B> {
+    type Response = ServiceResponse<B>;
+    type Error = Error;
+    type Future = BoxFuture<Result<Self::Response, Self::Error>>;
+
+    forward_ready!(service);
+
+    fn call(&self, req: ServiceRequest) -> Self::Future {
+        self.service.call(req)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::{
+        http::header::{self, HeaderValue},
+        middleware::{Compat, Logger},
+        test, web, App, HttpResponse,
+    };
+
+    async fn noop<B>(req: ServiceRequest, next: Next<B>) -> Result<ServiceResponse<B>, Error> {
+        next.call(req).await
+    }
+
+    async fn add_res_header<B>(
+        req: ServiceRequest,
+        next: Next<B>,
+    ) -> Result<ServiceResponse<B>, Error> {
+        let mut res = next.call(req).await?;
+        res.headers_mut()
+            .insert(header::WARNING, HeaderValue::from_static("42"));
+        Ok(res)
+    }
+
+    async fn mutate_body_type(
+        req: ServiceRequest,
+        next: Next<impl MessageBody + 'static>,
+    ) -> Result<ServiceResponse<impl MessageBody>, Error> {
+        let res = next.call(req).await?;
+        Ok(res.map_into_left_body::<()>())
+    }
+
+    struct MyMw(bool);
+
+    impl MyMw {
+        async fn mw_cb(
+            &self,
+            req: ServiceRequest,
+            next: Next<impl MessageBody + 'static>,
+        ) -> Result<ServiceResponse<impl MessageBody>, Error> {
+            let mut res = match self.0 {
+                true => req.into_response("short-circuited").map_into_right_body(),
+                false => next.call(req).await?.map_into_left_body(),
+            };
+            res.headers_mut()
+                .insert(header::WARNING, HeaderValue::from_static("42"));
+            Ok(res)
+        }
+
+        pub fn into_middleware<S, B>(
+            self,
+        ) -> impl Transform<
+            S,
+            ServiceRequest,
+            Response = ServiceResponse<impl MessageBody>,
+            Error = Error,
+            InitError = (),
+        >
+        where
+            S: Service<ServiceRequest, Response = ServiceResponse<B>, Error = Error> + 'static,
+            B: MessageBody + 'static,
+        {
+            let this = Rc::new(self);
+            from_fn(move |req, next| {
+                let this = Rc::clone(&this);
+                async move { Self::mw_cb(&this, req, next).await }
+            })
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[actix_rt::test]
+    async fn compat_compat() {
+        let _ = App::new().wrap(Compat::new(from_fn(noop)));
+        let _ = App::new().wrap(Compat::new(from_fn(mutate_body_type)));
+    }
+
+    #[actix_rt::test]
+    async fn permits_different_in_and_out_body_types() {
+        let app = test::init_service(
+            App::new()
+                .wrap(from_fn(mutate_body_type))
+                .wrap(from_fn(add_res_header))
+                .wrap(Logger::default())
+                .wrap(from_fn(noop))
+                .default_service(web::to(HttpResponse::NotFound)),
+        )
+        .await;
+
+        let req = test::TestRequest::default().to_request();
+        let res = test::call_service(&app, req).await;
+        assert!(res.headers().contains_key(header::WARNING));
+    }
+
+    #[actix_rt::test]
+    async fn closure_capture_and_return_from_fn() {
+        let app = test::init_service(
+            App::new()
+                .wrap(Logger::default())
+                .wrap(MyMw(true).into_middleware())
+                .wrap(Logger::default()),
+        )
+        .await;
+
+        let req = test::TestRequest::default().to_request();
+        let res = test::call_service(&app, req).await;
+        assert!(res.headers().contains_key(header::WARNING));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/actix-web/src/middleware/logger.rs b/actix-web/src/middleware/logger.rs
index 1e0a23058..5a3e05967 100644
--- a/actix-web/src/middleware/logger.rs
+++ b/actix-web/src/middleware/logger.rs
@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@ where
 
         ready(Ok(LoggerMiddleware {
             service,
-            inner: self.0.clone(),
+            inner: Rc::clone(&self.0),
         }))
     }
 }
@@ -657,11 +657,7 @@ impl FormatText {
 
             FormatText::ResponseHeader(ref name) => {
                 let s = if let Some(val) = res.headers().get(name) {
-                    if let Ok(s) = val.to_str() {
-                        s
-                    } else {
-                        "-"
-                    }
+                    val.to_str().unwrap_or("-")
                 } else {
                     "-"
                 };
@@ -705,11 +701,7 @@ impl FormatText {
             FormatText::RequestTime => *self = FormatText::Str(now.format(&Rfc3339).unwrap()),
             FormatText::RequestHeader(ref name) => {
                 let s = if let Some(val) = req.headers().get(name) {
-                    if let Ok(s) = val.to_str() {
-                        s
-                    } else {
-                        "-"
-                    }
+                    val.to_str().unwrap_or("-")
                 } else {
                     "-"
                 };
@@ -747,7 +739,7 @@ impl FormatText {
 /// Converter to get a String from something that writes to a Formatter.
 pub(crate) struct FormatDisplay<'a>(&'a dyn Fn(&mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), fmt::Error>);
 
-impl<'a> fmt::Display for FormatDisplay<'a> {
+impl fmt::Display for FormatDisplay<'_> {
     fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
         (self.0)(fmt)
     }
diff --git a/actix-web/src/middleware/mod.rs b/actix-web/src/middleware/mod.rs
index 1c27b1110..4b5b3e896 100644
--- a/actix-web/src/middleware/mod.rs
+++ b/actix-web/src/middleware/mod.rs
@@ -15,10 +15,47 @@
 //! - Access external services (e.g., [sessions](https://docs.rs/actix-session), etc.)
 //!
 //! Middleware is registered for each [`App`], [`Scope`](crate::Scope), or
-//! [`Resource`](crate::Resource) and executed in opposite order as registration. In general, a
-//! middleware is a pair of types that implements the [`Service`] trait and [`Transform`] trait,
-//! respectively. The [`new_transform`] and [`call`] methods must return a [`Future`], though it
-//! can often be [an immediately-ready one](actix_utils::future::Ready).
+//! [`Resource`](crate::Resource) and executed in opposite order as registration.
+//!
+//! # Simple Middleware
+//!
+//! In many cases, you can model your middleware as an async function via the [`from_fn()`] helper
+//! that provides a natural interface for implementing your desired behaviors.
+//!
+//! ```
+//! # use actix_web::{
+//! #     App, Error,
+//! #     body::MessageBody,
+//! #     dev::{ServiceRequest, ServiceResponse, Service as _},
+//! # };
+//! use actix_web::middleware::{self, Next};
+//!
+//! async fn my_mw(
+//!     req: ServiceRequest,
+//!     next: Next<impl MessageBody>,
+//! ) -> Result<ServiceResponse<impl MessageBody>, Error> {
+//!     // pre-processing
+//!
+//!     // invoke the wrapped middleware or service
+//!     let res = next.call(req).await?;
+//!
+//!     // post-processing
+//!
+//!     Ok(res)
+//! }
+//!
+//! App::new()
+//!     .wrap(middleware::from_fn(my_mw));
+//! ```
+//!
+//! ## Complex Middleware
+//!
+//! In the more general ase, a middleware is a pair of types that implements the [`Service`] trait
+//! and [`Transform`] trait, respectively. The [`new_transform`] and [`call`] methods must return a
+//! [`Future`], though it can often be [an immediately-ready one](actix_utils::future::Ready).
+//!
+//! All the built-in middleware use this pattern with pairs of builder (`Transform`) +
+//! implementation (`Service`) types.
 //!
 //! # Ordering
 //!
@@ -67,7 +104,7 @@
 //!                   Response
 //! ```
 //! The request _first_ gets processed by the middleware specified _last_ - `MiddlewareC`. It passes
-//! the request (modified a modified one) to the next middleware - `MiddlewareB` - _or_ directly
+//! the request (possibly a modified one) to the next middleware - `MiddlewareB` - _or_ directly
 //! responds to the request (e.g. when the request was invalid or an error occurred). `MiddlewareB`
 //! processes the request as well and passes it to `MiddlewareA`, which then passes it to the
 //! [`Service`]. In the [`Service`], the extractors will run first. They don't pass the request on,
@@ -196,18 +233,6 @@
 //! # }
 //! ```
 //!
-//! # Simpler Middleware
-//!
-//! In many cases, you _can_ actually use an async function via a helper that will provide a more
-//! natural flow for your behavior.
-//!
-//! The experimental `actix_web_lab` crate provides a [`from_fn`][lab_from_fn] utility which allows
-//! an async fn to be wrapped and used in the same way as other middleware. See the
-//! [`from_fn`][lab_from_fn] docs for more info and examples of it's use.
-//!
-//! While [`from_fn`][lab_from_fn] is experimental currently, it's likely this helper will graduate
-//! to Actix Web in some form, so feedback is appreciated.
-//!
 //! [`Future`]: std::future::Future
 //! [`App`]: crate::App
 //! [`FromRequest`]: crate::FromRequest
@@ -215,7 +240,7 @@
 //! [`Transform`]: crate::dev::Transform
 //! [`call`]: crate::dev::Service::call()
 //! [`new_transform`]: crate::dev::Transform::new_transform()
-//! [lab_from_fn]: https://docs.rs/actix-web-lab/latest/actix_web_lab/middleware/fn.from_fn.html
+//! [`from_fn`]: crate
 
 mod compat;
 #[cfg(feature = "__compress")]
@@ -223,6 +248,7 @@ mod compress;
 mod condition;
 mod default_headers;
 mod err_handlers;
+mod from_fn;
 mod identity;
 mod logger;
 mod normalize;
@@ -234,6 +260,7 @@ pub use self::{
     condition::Condition,
     default_headers::DefaultHeaders,
     err_handlers::{ErrorHandlerResponse, ErrorHandlers},
+    from_fn::{from_fn, Next},
     identity::Identity,
     logger::Logger,
     normalize::{NormalizePath, TrailingSlash},
diff --git a/actix-web/src/resource.rs b/actix-web/src/resource.rs
index 00555b7b2..aee0dff93 100644
--- a/actix-web/src/resource.rs
+++ b/actix-web/src/resource.rs
@@ -28,9 +28,9 @@ use crate::{
 ///
 /// Resource in turn has at least one route. Route consists of an handlers objects and list of
 /// guards (objects that implement `Guard` trait). Resources and routes uses builder-like pattern
-/// for configuration. During request handling, resource object iterate through all routes and check
-/// guards for specific route, if request matches all guards, route considered matched and route
-/// handler get called.
+/// for configuration. During request handling, the resource object iterates through all routes
+/// and checks guards for the specific route, if the request matches all the guards, then the route
+/// is considered matched and the route handler gets called.
 ///
 /// # Examples
 /// ```
@@ -62,14 +62,14 @@ pub struct Resource<T = ResourceEndpoint> {
 impl Resource {
     /// Constructs new resource that matches a `path` pattern.
     pub fn new<T: IntoPatterns>(path: T) -> Resource {
-        let fref = Rc::new(RefCell::new(None));
+        let factory_ref = Rc::new(RefCell::new(None));
 
         Resource {
             routes: Vec::new(),
             rdef: path.patterns(),
             name: None,
-            endpoint: ResourceEndpoint::new(fref.clone()),
-            factory_ref: fref,
+            endpoint: ResourceEndpoint::new(Rc::clone(&factory_ref)),
+            factory_ref,
             guards: Vec::new(),
             app_data: None,
             default: boxed::factory(fn_service(|req: ServiceRequest| async {
@@ -358,10 +358,9 @@ where
         U::InitError: fmt::Debug,
     {
         // create and configure default resource
-        self.default = boxed::factory(
-            f.into_factory()
-                .map_init_err(|e| log::error!("Can not construct default service: {:?}", e)),
-        );
+        self.default = boxed::factory(f.into_factory().map_init_err(|err| {
+            log::error!("Can not construct default service: {err:?}");
+        }));
 
         self
     }
diff --git a/actix-web/src/response/builder.rs b/actix-web/src/response/builder.rs
index 023842ee5..c23de8e36 100644
--- a/actix-web/src/response/builder.rs
+++ b/actix-web/src/response/builder.rs
@@ -463,7 +463,7 @@ mod tests {
         // content type override
         let res = HttpResponse::Ok()
             .insert_header((CONTENT_TYPE, "text/json"))
-            .json(&vec!["v1", "v2", "v3"]);
+            .json(["v1", "v2", "v3"]);
         let ct = res.headers().get(CONTENT_TYPE).unwrap();
         assert_eq!(ct, HeaderValue::from_static("text/json"));
         assert_body_eq!(res, br#"["v1","v2","v3"]"#);
diff --git a/actix-web/src/response/responder.rs b/actix-web/src/response/responder.rs
index 90d8f6e52..82bc38d6b 100644
--- a/actix-web/src/response/responder.rs
+++ b/actix-web/src/response/responder.rs
@@ -131,6 +131,23 @@ where
     }
 }
 
+// Note: see https://github.com/actix/actix-web/issues/1108 for reasoning why Responder is not
+// implemented for `()`, and https://github.com/actix/actix-web/pull/3560 for discussion about this
+// impl and the decision not to include a similar one for `Option<()>`.
+impl<E> Responder for Result<(), E>
+where
+    E: Into<Error>,
+{
+    type Body = BoxBody;
+
+    fn respond_to(self, _req: &HttpRequest) -> HttpResponse {
+        match self {
+            Ok(()) => HttpResponse::new(StatusCode::NO_CONTENT),
+            Err(err) => HttpResponse::from_error(err.into()),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl<R: Responder> Responder for (R, StatusCode) {
     type Body = R::Body;
 
diff --git a/actix-web/src/rmap.rs b/actix-web/src/rmap.rs
index 462f3b313..b445687ac 100644
--- a/actix-web/src/rmap.rs
+++ b/actix-web/src/rmap.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use std::{
 };
 
 use actix_router::ResourceDef;
-use ahash::AHashMap;
+use foldhash::HashMap as FoldHashMap;
 use url::Url;
 
 use crate::{error::UrlGenerationError, request::HttpRequest};
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ pub struct ResourceMap {
 
     /// Named resources within the tree or, for external resources, it points to isolated nodes
     /// outside the tree.
-    named: AHashMap<String, Rc<ResourceMap>>,
+    named: FoldHashMap<String, Rc<ResourceMap>>,
 
     parent: RefCell<Weak<ResourceMap>>,
 
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ impl ResourceMap {
     pub fn new(root: ResourceDef) -> Self {
         ResourceMap {
             pattern: root,
-            named: AHashMap::default(),
+            named: FoldHashMap::default(),
             parent: RefCell::new(Weak::new()),
             nodes: Some(Vec::new()),
         }
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ impl ResourceMap {
         } else {
             let new_node = Rc::new(ResourceMap {
                 pattern: pattern.clone(),
-                named: AHashMap::default(),
+                named: FoldHashMap::default(),
                 parent: RefCell::new(Weak::new()),
                 nodes: None,
             });
diff --git a/actix-web/src/route.rs b/actix-web/src/route.rs
index 261e6b9ae..e05e6be52 100644
--- a/actix-web/src/route.rs
+++ b/actix-web/src/route.rs
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ impl ServiceFactory<ServiceRequest> for Route {
 
     fn new_service(&self, _: ()) -> Self::Future {
         let fut = self.service.new_service(());
-        let guards = self.guards.clone();
+        let guards = Rc::clone(&self.guards);
 
         Box::pin(async move {
             let service = fut.await?;
diff --git a/actix-web/src/scope.rs b/actix-web/src/scope.rs
index adc9f75d3..e317349da 100644
--- a/actix-web/src/scope.rs
+++ b/actix-web/src/scope.rs
@@ -213,7 +213,6 @@ where
     ///
     /// * *Resource* is an entry in resource table which corresponds to requested URL.
     /// * *Scope* is a set of resources with common root path.
-    /// * "StaticFiles" is a service for static files support
     ///
     /// ```
     /// use actix_web::{web, App, HttpRequest};
@@ -279,7 +278,9 @@ where
     {
         // create and configure default resource
         self.default = Some(Rc::new(boxed::factory(f.into_factory().map_init_err(
-            |e| log::error!("Can not construct default service: {:?}", e),
+            |err| {
+                log::error!("Can not construct default service: {err:?}");
+            },
         ))));
 
         self
diff --git a/actix-web/src/server.rs b/actix-web/src/server.rs
index 33b1e1894..1ea4de4ca 100644
--- a/actix-web/src/server.rs
+++ b/actix-web/src/server.rs
@@ -7,13 +7,7 @@ use std::{
     time::Duration,
 };
 
-#[cfg(any(
-    feature = "openssl",
-    feature = "rustls-0_20",
-    feature = "rustls-0_21",
-    feature = "rustls-0_22",
-    feature = "rustls-0_23",
-))]
+#[cfg(feature = "__tls")]
 use actix_http::TlsAcceptorConfig;
 use actix_http::{body::MessageBody, Extensions, HttpService, KeepAlive, Request, Response};
 use actix_server::{Server, ServerBuilder};
@@ -190,7 +184,7 @@ where
     /// By default max connections is set to a 256.
     #[allow(unused_variables)]
     pub fn max_connection_rate(self, num: usize) -> Self {
-        #[cfg(any(feature = "rustls-0_20", feature = "rustls-0_21", feature = "openssl"))]
+        #[cfg(feature = "__tls")]
         actix_tls::accept::max_concurrent_tls_connect(num);
         self
     }
@@ -199,7 +193,7 @@ where
     ///
     /// One thread pool is set up **per worker**; not shared across workers.
     ///
-    /// By default set to 512 divided by the number of workers.
+    /// By default, set to 512 divided by [available parallelism](std::thread::available_parallelism()).
     pub fn worker_max_blocking_threads(mut self, num: usize) -> Self {
         self.builder = self.builder.worker_max_blocking_threads(num);
         self
@@ -243,13 +237,7 @@ where
     /// time, the connection is closed.
     ///
     /// By default, the handshake timeout is 3 seconds.
-    #[cfg(any(
-        feature = "openssl",
-        feature = "rustls-0_20",
-        feature = "rustls-0_21",
-        feature = "rustls-0_22",
-        feature = "rustls-0_23",
-    ))]
+    #[cfg(feature = "__tls")]
     pub fn tls_handshake_timeout(self, dur: Duration) -> Self {
         self.config
             .lock()
@@ -522,7 +510,7 @@ where
     /// No changes are made to `lst`'s configuration. Ensure it is configured properly before
     /// passing ownership to `listen()`.
     pub fn listen(mut self, lst: net::TcpListener) -> io::Result<Self> {
-        let cfg = self.config.clone();
+        let cfg = Arc::clone(&self.config);
         let factory = self.factory.clone();
         let addr = lst.local_addr().unwrap();
 
@@ -566,7 +554,7 @@ where
     /// Binds to existing listener for accepting incoming plaintext HTTP/1.x or HTTP/2 connections.
     #[cfg(feature = "http2")]
     pub fn listen_auto_h2c(mut self, lst: net::TcpListener) -> io::Result<Self> {
-        let cfg = self.config.clone();
+        let cfg = Arc::clone(&self.config);
         let factory = self.factory.clone();
         let addr = lst.local_addr().unwrap();
 
@@ -644,7 +632,7 @@ where
         config: actix_tls::accept::rustls_0_20::reexports::ServerConfig,
     ) -> io::Result<Self> {
         let factory = self.factory.clone();
-        let cfg = self.config.clone();
+        let cfg = Arc::clone(&self.config);
         let addr = lst.local_addr().unwrap();
         self.sockets.push(Socket {
             addr,
@@ -695,7 +683,7 @@ where
         config: actix_tls::accept::rustls_0_21::reexports::ServerConfig,
     ) -> io::Result<Self> {
         let factory = self.factory.clone();
-        let cfg = self.config.clone();
+        let cfg = Arc::clone(&self.config);
         let addr = lst.local_addr().unwrap();
         self.sockets.push(Socket {
             addr,
@@ -761,7 +749,7 @@ where
         config: actix_tls::accept::rustls_0_22::reexports::ServerConfig,
     ) -> io::Result<Self> {
         let factory = self.factory.clone();
-        let cfg = self.config.clone();
+        let cfg = Arc::clone(&self.config);
         let addr = lst.local_addr().unwrap();
         self.sockets.push(Socket {
             addr,
@@ -827,7 +815,7 @@ where
         config: actix_tls::accept::rustls_0_23::reexports::ServerConfig,
     ) -> io::Result<Self> {
         let factory = self.factory.clone();
-        let cfg = self.config.clone();
+        let cfg = Arc::clone(&self.config);
         let addr = lst.local_addr().unwrap();
         self.sockets.push(Socket {
             addr,
@@ -892,7 +880,7 @@ where
         acceptor: SslAcceptor,
     ) -> io::Result<Self> {
         let factory = self.factory.clone();
-        let cfg = self.config.clone();
+        let cfg = Arc::clone(&self.config);
         let addr = lst.local_addr().unwrap();
         self.sockets.push(Socket {
             addr,
@@ -949,7 +937,7 @@ where
         use actix_rt::net::UnixStream;
         use actix_service::{fn_service, ServiceFactoryExt as _};
 
-        let cfg = self.config.clone();
+        let cfg = Arc::clone(&self.config);
         let factory = self.factory.clone();
         let socket_addr =
             net::SocketAddr::new(net::IpAddr::V4(net::Ipv4Addr::new(127, 0, 0, 1)), 8080);
@@ -994,7 +982,7 @@ where
         use actix_rt::net::UnixStream;
         use actix_service::{fn_service, ServiceFactoryExt as _};
 
-        let cfg = self.config.clone();
+        let cfg = Arc::clone(&self.config);
         let factory = self.factory.clone();
         let socket_addr =
             net::SocketAddr::new(net::IpAddr::V4(net::Ipv4Addr::new(127, 0, 0, 1)), 8080);
@@ -1097,7 +1085,10 @@ fn create_tcp_listener(addr: net::SocketAddr, backlog: u32) -> io::Result<net::T
     use socket2::{Domain, Protocol, Socket, Type};
     let domain = Domain::for_address(addr);
     let socket = Socket::new(domain, Type::STREAM, Some(Protocol::TCP))?;
-    socket.set_reuse_address(true)?;
+    #[cfg(not(windows))]
+    {
+        socket.set_reuse_address(true)?;
+    }
     socket.bind(&addr.into())?;
     // clamp backlog to max u32 that fits in i32 range
     let backlog = cmp::min(backlog, i32::MAX as u32) as i32;
diff --git a/actix-web/src/service.rs b/actix-web/src/service.rs
index a1672eba2..6c7f6f5c8 100644
--- a/actix-web/src/service.rs
+++ b/actix-web/src/service.rs
@@ -662,6 +662,7 @@ where
 /// ```
 #[macro_export]
 macro_rules! services {
+    () => {()};
     ($($x:expr),+ $(,)?) => {
         ($($x,)+)
     }
@@ -870,4 +871,40 @@ mod tests {
         let req = test::TestRequest::default().to_request();
         let _res = test::call_service(&app, req).await;
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn define_services_macro_with_multiple_arguments() {
+        let result = services!(1, 2, 3);
+        assert_eq!(result, (1, 2, 3));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn define_services_macro_with_single_argument() {
+        let result = services!(1);
+        assert_eq!(result, (1,));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn define_services_macro_with_no_arguments() {
+        let result = services!();
+        let () = result;
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn define_services_macro_with_trailing_comma() {
+        let result = services!(1, 2, 3,);
+        assert_eq!(result, (1, 2, 3));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn define_services_macro_with_comments_in_arguments() {
+        let result = services!(
+            1, // First comment
+            2, // Second comment
+            3  // Third comment
+        );
+
+        // Assert that comments are ignored and it correctly returns a tuple.
+        assert_eq!(result, (1, 2, 3));
+    }
 }
diff --git a/actix-web/src/test/mod.rs b/actix-web/src/test/mod.rs
index 5e647956b..86cb60956 100644
--- a/actix-web/src/test/mod.rs
+++ b/actix-web/src/test/mod.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 //! Various helpers for Actix applications to use during testing.
 //!
-//! # Creating A Test Service
+//! # Initializing A Test Service
 //! - [`init_service`]
 //!
 //! # Off-The-Shelf Test Services
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ pub use self::{
 /// Must be used inside an async test. Works for both `ServiceRequest` and `HttpRequest`.
 ///
 /// # Examples
+///
 /// ```
 /// use actix_web::{http::StatusCode, HttpResponse};
 ///
diff --git a/actix-web/src/thin_data.rs b/actix-web/src/thin_data.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a9cd4e3a4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/actix-web/src/thin_data.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+use std::any::type_name;
+
+use actix_utils::future::{ready, Ready};
+
+use crate::{dev::Payload, error, FromRequest, HttpRequest};
+
+/// Application data wrapper and extractor for cheaply-cloned types.
+///
+/// Similar to the [`Data`] wrapper but for `Clone`/`Copy` types that are already an `Arc` internally,
+/// share state using some other means when cloned, or is otherwise static data that is very cheap
+/// to clone.
+///
+/// Unlike `Data`, this wrapper clones `T` during extraction. Therefore, it is the user's
+/// responsibility to ensure that clones of `T` do actually share the same state, otherwise state
+/// may be unexpectedly different across multiple requests.
+///
+/// Note that if your type is literally an `Arc<T>` then it's recommended to use the
+/// [`Data::from(arc)`][data_from_arc] conversion instead.
+///
+/// # Examples
+///
+/// ```
+/// use actix_web::{
+///     web::{self, ThinData},
+///     App, HttpResponse, Responder,
+/// };
+///
+/// // Use the `ThinData<T>` extractor to access a database connection pool.
+/// async fn index(ThinData(db_pool): ThinData<DbPool>) -> impl Responder {
+///     // database action ...
+///
+///     HttpResponse::Ok()
+/// }
+///
+/// # type DbPool = ();
+/// let db_pool = DbPool::default();
+///
+/// App::new()
+///     .app_data(ThinData(db_pool.clone()))
+///     .service(web::resource("/").get(index))
+/// # ;
+/// ```
+///
+/// [`Data`]: crate::web::Data
+/// [data_from_arc]: crate::web::Data#impl-From<Arc<T>>-for-Data<T>
+#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
+pub struct ThinData<T>(pub T);
+
+impl_more::impl_as_ref!(ThinData<T> => T);
+impl_more::impl_as_mut!(ThinData<T> => T);
+impl_more::impl_deref_and_mut!(<T> in ThinData<T> => T);
+
+impl<T: Clone + 'static> FromRequest for ThinData<T> {
+    type Error = crate::Error;
+    type Future = Ready<Result<Self, Self::Error>>;
+
+    #[inline]
+    fn from_request(req: &HttpRequest, _: &mut Payload) -> Self::Future {
+        ready(req.app_data::<Self>().cloned().ok_or_else(|| {
+            log::debug!(
+                "Failed to extract `ThinData<{}>` for `{}` handler. For the ThinData extractor to work \
+                correctly, wrap the data with `ThinData()` and pass it to `App::app_data()`. \
+                Ensure that types align in both the set and retrieve calls.",
+                type_name::<T>(),
+                req.match_name().unwrap_or(req.path())
+            );
+
+            error::ErrorInternalServerError(
+                "Requested application data is not configured correctly. \
+                View/enable debug logs for more details.",
+            )
+        }))
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
+
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::{
+        http::StatusCode,
+        test::{call_service, init_service, TestRequest},
+        web, App, HttpResponse,
+    };
+
+    type TestT = Arc<Mutex<u32>>;
+
+    #[actix_rt::test]
+    async fn thin_data() {
+        let test_data = TestT::default();
+
+        let app = init_service(App::new().app_data(ThinData(test_data.clone())).service(
+            web::resource("/").to(|td: ThinData<TestT>| {
+                *td.lock().unwrap() += 1;
+                HttpResponse::Ok()
+            }),
+        ))
+        .await;
+
+        for _ in 0..3 {
+            let req = TestRequest::default().to_request();
+            let resp = call_service(&app, req).await;
+            assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+        }
+
+        assert_eq!(*test_data.lock().unwrap(), 3);
+    }
+
+    #[actix_rt::test]
+    async fn thin_data_missing() {
+        let app = init_service(
+            App::new().service(web::resource("/").to(|_: ThinData<u32>| HttpResponse::Ok())),
+        )
+        .await;
+
+        let req = TestRequest::default().to_request();
+        let resp = call_service(&app, req).await;
+        assert_eq!(resp.status(), StatusCode::INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/actix-web/src/types/either.rs b/actix-web/src/types/either.rs
index 7883e89f6..d8b3f1180 100644
--- a/actix-web/src/types/either.rs
+++ b/actix-web/src/types/either.rs
@@ -238,7 +238,7 @@ where
                     match res {
                         Ok(bytes) => {
                             let fallback = bytes.clone();
-                            let left = L::from_request(this.req, &mut payload_from_bytes(bytes));
+                            let left = L::from_request(this.req, &mut dev::Payload::from(bytes));
                             EitherExtractState::Left { left, fallback }
                         }
                         Err(err) => break Err(EitherExtractError::Bytes(err)),
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ where
                         Err(left_err) => {
                             let right = R::from_request(
                                 this.req,
-                                &mut payload_from_bytes(mem::take(fallback)),
+                                &mut dev::Payload::from(mem::take(fallback)),
                             );
                             EitherExtractState::Right {
                                 left_err: Some(left_err),
@@ -276,12 +276,6 @@ where
     }
 }
 
-fn payload_from_bytes(bytes: Bytes) -> dev::Payload {
-    let (_, mut h1_payload) = actix_http::h1::Payload::create(true);
-    h1_payload.unread_data(bytes);
-    dev::Payload::from(h1_payload)
-}
-
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
diff --git a/actix-web/src/types/json.rs b/actix-web/src/types/json.rs
index 6b75c0cfe..22ed624c3 100644
--- a/actix-web/src/types/json.rs
+++ b/actix-web/src/types/json.rs
@@ -332,7 +332,7 @@ impl<T: DeserializeOwned> JsonBody<T> {
             (true, Ok(Some(mime))) => {
                 mime.subtype() == mime::JSON
                     || mime.suffix() == Some(mime::JSON)
-                    || ctype_fn.map_or(false, |predicate| predicate(mime))
+                    || ctype_fn.is_some_and(|predicate| predicate(mime))
             }
 
             // if content-type is expected but not parsable as mime type, bail
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ impl<T: DeserializeOwned> JsonBody<T> {
                     _res: PhantomData,
                 }
             }
-            JsonBody::Error(e) => JsonBody::Error(e),
+            JsonBody::Error(err) => JsonBody::Error(err),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -434,7 +434,7 @@ impl<T: DeserializeOwned> Future for JsonBody<T> {
                     }
                 }
             },
-            JsonBody::Error(e) => Poll::Ready(Err(e.take().unwrap())),
+            JsonBody::Error(err) => Poll::Ready(Err(err.take().unwrap())),
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/actix-web/src/types/path.rs b/actix-web/src/types/path.rs
index cc87bb80f..5f22568cc 100644
--- a/actix-web/src/types/path.rs
+++ b/actix-web/src/types/path.rs
@@ -89,8 +89,8 @@ where
                     );
 
                     if let Some(error_handler) = error_handler {
-                        let e = PathError::Deserialize(err);
-                        (error_handler)(e, req)
+                        let err = PathError::Deserialize(err);
+                        (error_handler)(err, req)
                     } else {
                         ErrorNotFound(err)
                     }
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ mod tests {
     use crate::{error, http, test::TestRequest, HttpResponse};
 
     #[derive(Deserialize, Debug, Display)]
-    #[display(fmt = "MyStruct({}, {})", key, value)]
+    #[display("MyStruct({}, {})", key, value)]
     struct MyStruct {
         key: String,
         value: String,
diff --git a/actix-web/src/types/query.rs b/actix-web/src/types/query.rs
index e71b886f2..e5505131e 100644
--- a/actix-web/src/types/query.rs
+++ b/actix-web/src/types/query.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 use std::{fmt, ops, sync::Arc};
 
-use actix_utils::future::{err, ok, Ready};
+use actix_utils::future::{ok, ready, Ready};
 use serde::de::DeserializeOwned;
 
 use crate::{dev::Payload, error::QueryPayloadError, Error, FromRequest, HttpRequest};
@@ -118,8 +118,8 @@ impl<T: DeserializeOwned> FromRequest for Query<T> {
 
         serde_urlencoded::from_str::<T>(req.query_string())
             .map(|val| ok(Query(val)))
-            .unwrap_or_else(move |e| {
-                let e = QueryPayloadError::Deserialize(e);
+            .unwrap_or_else(move |err| {
+                let err = QueryPayloadError::Deserialize(err);
 
                 log::debug!(
                     "Failed during Query extractor deserialization. \
@@ -127,13 +127,13 @@ impl<T: DeserializeOwned> FromRequest for Query<T> {
                     req.path()
                 );
 
-                let e = if let Some(error_handler) = error_handler {
-                    (error_handler)(e, req)
+                let err = if let Some(error_handler) = error_handler {
+                    (error_handler)(err, req)
                 } else {
-                    e.into()
+                    err.into()
                 };
 
-                err(e)
+                ready(Err(err))
             })
     }
 }
diff --git a/actix-web/src/web.rs b/actix-web/src/web.rs
index 204313752..3a4c46730 100644
--- a/actix-web/src/web.rs
+++ b/actix-web/src/web.rs
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 //!
 //! # Request Extractors
 //! - [`Data`]: Application data item
+//! - [`ThinData`]: Cheap-to-clone application data item
 //! - [`ReqData`]: Request-local data item
 //! - [`Path`]: URL path parameters / dynamic segments
 //! - [`Query`]: URL query parameters
@@ -22,7 +23,8 @@ use actix_router::IntoPatterns;
 pub use bytes::{Buf, BufMut, Bytes, BytesMut};
 
 pub use crate::{
-    config::ServiceConfig, data::Data, redirect::Redirect, request_data::ReqData, types::*,
+    config::ServiceConfig, data::Data, redirect::Redirect, request_data::ReqData,
+    thin_data::ThinData, types::*,
 };
 use crate::{
     error::BlockingError, http::Method, service::WebService, FromRequest, Handler, Resource,
diff --git a/actix-web/tests/test_httpserver.rs b/actix-web/tests/test_httpserver.rs
index 039c0ffbc..5fd7d7190 100644
--- a/actix-web/tests/test_httpserver.rs
+++ b/actix-web/tests/test_httpserver.rs
@@ -1,13 +1,10 @@
 #[cfg(feature = "openssl")]
 extern crate tls_openssl as openssl;
 
-#[cfg(any(unix, feature = "openssl"))]
-use {
-    actix_web::{web, App, HttpResponse, HttpServer},
-    std::{sync::mpsc, thread, time::Duration},
-};
+use std::{sync::mpsc, thread, time::Duration};
+
+use actix_web::{web, App, HttpResponse, HttpServer};
 
-#[cfg(unix)]
 #[actix_rt::test]
 async fn test_start() {
     let addr = actix_test::unused_addr();
@@ -53,6 +50,27 @@ async fn test_start() {
     let response = client.get(host.clone()).send().await.unwrap();
     assert!(response.status().is_success());
 
+    // Attempt to start a second server using the same address.
+    let result = HttpServer::new(|| {
+        App::new().service(
+            web::resource("/").route(web::to(|| async { HttpResponse::Ok().body("test") })),
+        )
+    })
+    .workers(1)
+    .backlog(1)
+    .max_connections(10)
+    .max_connection_rate(10)
+    .keep_alive(Duration::from_secs(10))
+    .client_request_timeout(Duration::from_secs(5))
+    .client_disconnect_timeout(Duration::ZERO)
+    .server_hostname("localhost")
+    .system_exit()
+    .disable_signals()
+    .bind(format!("{}", addr));
+
+    // This should fail: the address is in use.
+    assert!(result.is_err());
+
     srv.stop(false).await;
 }
 
diff --git a/actix-web/tests/test_server.rs b/actix-web/tests/test_server.rs
index 960cf1e2b..f13aa3cfd 100644
--- a/actix-web/tests/test_server.rs
+++ b/actix-web/tests/test_server.rs
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ use openssl::{
     ssl::{SslAcceptor, SslMethod},
     x509::X509,
 };
-use rand::{distributions::Alphanumeric, Rng as _};
+use rand::distr::{Alphanumeric, SampleString as _};
 
 mod utils;
 
@@ -188,11 +188,7 @@ async fn body_gzip_large() {
 
 #[actix_rt::test]
 async fn test_body_gzip_large_random() {
-    let data = rand::thread_rng()
-        .sample_iter(&Alphanumeric)
-        .take(70_000)
-        .map(char::from)
-        .collect::<String>();
+    let data = Alphanumeric.sample_string(&mut rand::rng(), 70_000);
     let srv_data = data.clone();
 
     let srv = actix_test::start_with(actix_test::config().h1(), move || {
@@ -432,11 +428,7 @@ async fn test_zstd_encoding() {
 
 #[actix_rt::test]
 async fn test_zstd_encoding_large() {
-    let data = rand::thread_rng()
-        .sample_iter(&Alphanumeric)
-        .take(320_000)
-        .map(char::from)
-        .collect::<String>();
+    let data = Alphanumeric.sample_string(&mut rand::rng(), 320_000);
 
     let srv = actix_test::start_with(actix_test::config().h1(), || {
         App::new().service(
@@ -529,11 +521,7 @@ async fn test_gzip_encoding_large() {
 
 #[actix_rt::test]
 async fn test_reading_gzip_encoding_large_random() {
-    let data = rand::thread_rng()
-        .sample_iter(&Alphanumeric)
-        .take(60_000)
-        .map(char::from)
-        .collect::<String>();
+    let data = Alphanumeric.sample_string(&mut rand::rng(), 60_000);
 
     let srv = actix_test::start_with(actix_test::config().h1(), || {
         App::new().service(web::resource("/").route(web::to(move |body: Bytes| async {
@@ -599,11 +587,7 @@ async fn test_reading_deflate_encoding_large() {
 
 #[actix_rt::test]
 async fn test_reading_deflate_encoding_large_random() {
-    let data = rand::thread_rng()
-        .sample_iter(&Alphanumeric)
-        .take(160_000)
-        .map(char::from)
-        .collect::<String>();
+    let data = Alphanumeric.sample_string(&mut rand::rng(), 160_000);
 
     let srv = actix_test::start_with(actix_test::config().h1(), || {
         App::new().service(web::resource("/").route(web::to(move |body: Bytes| async {
@@ -648,11 +632,7 @@ async fn test_brotli_encoding() {
 
 #[actix_rt::test]
 async fn test_brotli_encoding_large() {
-    let data = rand::thread_rng()
-        .sample_iter(&Alphanumeric)
-        .take(320_000)
-        .map(char::from)
-        .collect::<String>();
+    let data = Alphanumeric.sample_string(&mut rand::rng(), 320_000);
 
     let srv = actix_test::start_with(actix_test::config().h1(), || {
         App::new().service(
@@ -737,11 +717,7 @@ mod plus_rustls {
 
     #[actix_rt::test]
     async fn test_reading_deflate_encoding_large_random_rustls() {
-        let data = rand::thread_rng()
-            .sample_iter(&Alphanumeric)
-            .take(160_000)
-            .map(char::from)
-            .collect::<String>();
+        let data = Alphanumeric.sample_string(&mut rand::rng(), 160_000);
 
         let srv = actix_test::start_with(actix_test::config().rustls_0_23(tls_config()), || {
             App::new().service(web::resource("/").route(web::to(|bytes: Bytes| async {
diff --git a/awc/CHANGES.md b/awc/CHANGES.md
index 54c5e9869..d3fd7147b 100644
--- a/awc/CHANGES.md
+++ b/awc/CHANGES.md
@@ -2,11 +2,22 @@
 
 ## Unreleased
 
+## 3.6.0
+
+- Prevent panics on connection pool drop when Tokio runtime is shutdown early.
+- Do not send `Host` header on HTTP/2 requests, as it is not required, and some web servers may reject it.
+- Update `brotli` dependency to `7`.
+- Minimum supported Rust version (MSRV) is now 1.75.
+
+## 3.5.1
+
+- Fix WebSocket `Host` request header value when using a non-default port.
+
 ## 3.5.0
 
 - Add `rustls-0_23`, `rustls-0_23-webpki-roots`, and `rustls-0_23-native-roots` crate features.
 - Add `awc::Connector::rustls_0_23()` constructor.
-- Fix `rustls-0_22-native-roots` root store lookup
+- Fix `rustls-0_22-native-roots` root store lookup.
 - Update `brotli` dependency to `6`.
 - Minimum supported Rust version (MSRV) is now 1.72.
 
diff --git a/awc/Cargo.toml b/awc/Cargo.toml
index 4fc2057f6..106def621 100644
--- a/awc/Cargo.toml
+++ b/awc/Cargo.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [package]
 name = "awc"
-version = "3.5.0"
+version = "3.6.0"
 authors = ["Nikolay Kim <fafhrd91@gmail.com>"]
 description = "Async HTTP and WebSocket client library"
 keywords = ["actix", "http", "framework", "async", "web"]
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ dangerous-h2c = []
 [dependencies]
 actix-codec = "0.5"
 actix-service = "2"
-actix-http = { version = "3.7", features = ["http2", "ws"] }
+actix-http = { version = "3.10", features = ["http2", "ws"] }
 actix-rt = { version = "2.1", default-features = false }
 actix-tls = { version = "3.4", features = ["connect", "uri"] }
 actix-utils = "3"
@@ -106,17 +106,17 @@ actix-utils = "3"
 base64 = "0.22"
 bytes = "1"
 cfg-if = "1"
-derive_more = "0.99.5"
+derive_more = { version = "2", features = ["display", "error", "from"] }
 futures-core = { version = "0.3.17", default-features = false, features = ["alloc"] }
 futures-util = { version = "0.3.17", default-features = false, features = ["alloc", "sink"] }
 h2 = "0.3.26"
 http = "0.2.7"
 itoa = "1"
-log =" 0.4"
+log ="0.4"
 mime = "0.3"
 percent-encoding = "2.1"
 pin-project-lite = "0.2"
-rand = "0.8"
+rand = "0.9"
 serde = "1.0"
 serde_json = "1.0"
 serde_urlencoded = "0.7"
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ actix-tls = { version = "3.4", features = ["openssl", "rustls-0_23"] }
 actix-utils = "3"
 actix-web = { version = "4", features = ["openssl"] }
 
-brotli = "6"
+brotli = "7"
 const-str = "0.5"
 env_logger = "0.11"
 flate2 = "1.0.13"
@@ -156,3 +156,6 @@ tls-rustls-0_23 = { package = "rustls", version = "0.23" } # add rustls 0.23 wit
 [[example]]
 name = "client"
 required-features = ["rustls-0_23-webpki-roots"]
+
+[lints]
+workspace = true
diff --git a/awc/README.md b/awc/README.md
index 8e7b42812..954cc2803 100644
--- a/awc/README.md
+++ b/awc/README.md
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@
 <!-- prettier-ignore-start -->
 
 [![crates.io](https://img.shields.io/crates/v/awc?label=latest)](https://crates.io/crates/awc)
-[![Documentation](https://docs.rs/awc/badge.svg?version=3.5.0)](https://docs.rs/awc/3.5.0)
+[![Documentation](https://docs.rs/awc/badge.svg?version=3.6.0)](https://docs.rs/awc/3.6.0)
 ![MIT or Apache 2.0 licensed](https://img.shields.io/crates/l/awc)
-[![Dependency Status](https://deps.rs/crate/awc/3.5.0/status.svg)](https://deps.rs/crate/awc/3.5.0)
+[![Dependency Status](https://deps.rs/crate/awc/3.6.0/status.svg)](https://deps.rs/crate/awc/3.6.0)
 [![Chat on Discord](https://img.shields.io/discord/771444961383153695?label=chat&logo=discord)](https://discord.gg/NWpN5mmg3x)
 
 <!-- prettier-ignore-end -->
diff --git a/awc/examples/client.rs b/awc/examples/client.rs
index 16ad330b8..b6eb919c7 100644
--- a/awc/examples/client.rs
+++ b/awc/examples/client.rs
@@ -1,23 +1,39 @@
-use std::error::Error as StdError;
+//! Demonstrates construction and usage of a TLS-capable HTTP client.
 
-#[tokio::main]
+extern crate tls_rustls_0_23 as rustls;
+
+use std::{error::Error as StdError, sync::Arc};
+
+use actix_tls::connect::rustls_0_23::webpki_roots_cert_store;
+use rustls::ClientConfig;
+
+#[actix_rt::main]
 async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn StdError>> {
     env_logger::init_from_env(env_logger::Env::new().default_filter_or("info"));
 
-    // construct request builder
-    let client = awc::Client::new();
+    let mut config = ClientConfig::builder()
+        .with_root_certificates(webpki_roots_cert_store())
+        .with_no_client_auth();
+
+    let protos = vec![b"h2".to_vec(), b"http/1.1".to_vec()];
+    config.alpn_protocols = protos;
+
+    // construct request builder with TLS support
+    let client = awc::Client::builder()
+        .connector(awc::Connector::new().rustls_0_23(Arc::new(config)))
+        .finish();
 
     // configure request
     let request = client
         .get("https://www.rust-lang.org/")
-        .append_header(("User-Agent", "Actix-web"));
+        .append_header(("User-Agent", "awc/3.0"));
 
-    println!("Request: {:?}", request);
+    println!("Request: {request:?}");
 
     let mut response = request.send().await?;
 
     // server response head
-    println!("Response: {:?}", response);
+    println!("Response: {response:?}");
 
     // read response body
     let body = response.body().await?;
diff --git a/awc/src/any_body.rs b/awc/src/any_body.rs
index 08f5cc25e..ef0edfb9e 100644
--- a/awc/src/any_body.rs
+++ b/awc/src/any_body.rs
@@ -163,6 +163,7 @@ mod tests {
 
     use super::*;
 
+    #[allow(dead_code)]
     struct PinType(PhantomPinned);
 
     impl MessageBody for PinType {
diff --git a/awc/src/client/connector.rs b/awc/src/client/connector.rs
index f3d443070..a7c606826 100644
--- a/awc/src/client/connector.rs
+++ b/awc/src/client/connector.rs
@@ -89,9 +89,9 @@ impl Connector<()> {
     /// # Panics
     ///
     /// - When the `rustls-0_23-webpki-roots` or `rustls-0_23-native-roots` features are enabled
-    ///     and no default crypto provider has been loaded, this method will panic.
+    ///   and no default crypto provider has been loaded, this method will panic.
     /// - When the `rustls-0_23-native-roots` or `rustls-0_22-native-roots` features are enabled
-    ///     and the runtime system has no native root certificates, this method will panic.
+    ///   and the runtime system has no native root certificates, this method will panic.
     #[allow(clippy::new_ret_no_self, clippy::let_unit_value)]
     pub fn new() -> Connector<
         impl Service<
@@ -511,7 +511,8 @@ where
                         let h2 = sock
                             .ssl()
                             .selected_alpn_protocol()
-                            .map_or(false, |protos| protos.windows(2).any(|w| w == H2));
+                            .is_some_and(|protos| protos.windows(2).any(|w| w == H2));
+
                         if h2 {
                             (Box::new(sock), Protocol::Http2)
                         } else {
@@ -550,7 +551,8 @@ where
                             .get_ref()
                             .1
                             .alpn_protocol()
-                            .map_or(false, |protos| protos.windows(2).any(|w| w == H2));
+                            .is_some_and(|protos| protos.windows(2).any(|w| w == H2));
+
                         if h2 {
                             (Box::new(sock), Protocol::Http2)
                         } else {
@@ -584,7 +586,8 @@ where
                             .get_ref()
                             .1
                             .alpn_protocol()
-                            .map_or(false, |protos| protos.windows(2).any(|w| w == H2));
+                            .is_some_and(|protos| protos.windows(2).any(|w| w == H2));
+
                         if h2 {
                             (Box::new(sock), Protocol::Http2)
                         } else {
@@ -621,7 +624,8 @@ where
                             .get_ref()
                             .1
                             .alpn_protocol()
-                            .map_or(false, |protos| protos.windows(2).any(|w| w == H2));
+                            .is_some_and(|protos| protos.windows(2).any(|w| w == H2));
+
                         if h2 {
                             (Box::new(sock), Protocol::Http2)
                         } else {
@@ -655,7 +659,8 @@ where
                             .get_ref()
                             .1
                             .alpn_protocol()
-                            .map_or(false, |protos| protos.windows(2).any(|w| w == H2));
+                            .is_some_and(|protos| protos.windows(2).any(|w| w == H2));
+
                         if h2 {
                             (Box::new(sock), Protocol::Http2)
                         } else {
diff --git a/awc/src/client/error.rs b/awc/src/client/error.rs
index d351e1067..6cb595770 100644
--- a/awc/src/client/error.rs
+++ b/awc/src/client/error.rs
@@ -12,40 +12,40 @@ use crate::BoxError;
 #[non_exhaustive]
 pub enum ConnectError {
     /// SSL feature is not enabled
-    #[display(fmt = "SSL is not supported")]
+    #[display("SSL is not supported")]
     SslIsNotSupported,
 
     /// SSL error
     #[cfg(feature = "openssl")]
-    #[display(fmt = "{}", _0)]
+    #[display("{}", _0)]
     SslError(OpensslError),
 
     /// Failed to resolve the hostname
-    #[display(fmt = "Failed resolving hostname: {}", _0)]
+    #[display("Failed resolving hostname: {}", _0)]
     Resolver(Box<dyn std::error::Error>),
 
     /// No dns records
-    #[display(fmt = "No DNS records found for the input")]
+    #[display("No DNS records found for the input")]
     NoRecords,
 
     /// Http2 error
-    #[display(fmt = "{}", _0)]
+    #[display("{}", _0)]
     H2(h2::Error),
 
     /// Connecting took too long
-    #[display(fmt = "Timeout while establishing connection")]
+    #[display("Timeout while establishing connection")]
     Timeout,
 
     /// Connector has been disconnected
-    #[display(fmt = "Internal error: connector has been disconnected")]
+    #[display("Internal error: connector has been disconnected")]
     Disconnected,
 
     /// Unresolved host name
-    #[display(fmt = "Connector received `Connect` method with unresolved host")]
+    #[display("Connector received `Connect` method with unresolved host")]
     Unresolved,
 
     /// Connection io error
-    #[display(fmt = "{}", _0)]
+    #[display("{}", _0)]
     Io(io::Error),
 }
 
@@ -54,11 +54,11 @@ impl std::error::Error for ConnectError {}
 impl From<actix_tls::connect::ConnectError> for ConnectError {
     fn from(err: actix_tls::connect::ConnectError) -> ConnectError {
         match err {
-            actix_tls::connect::ConnectError::Resolver(e) => ConnectError::Resolver(e),
+            actix_tls::connect::ConnectError::Resolver(err) => ConnectError::Resolver(err),
             actix_tls::connect::ConnectError::NoRecords => ConnectError::NoRecords,
             actix_tls::connect::ConnectError::InvalidInput => panic!(),
             actix_tls::connect::ConnectError::Unresolved => ConnectError::Unresolved,
-            actix_tls::connect::ConnectError::Io(e) => ConnectError::Io(e),
+            actix_tls::connect::ConnectError::Io(err) => ConnectError::Io(err),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -66,16 +66,16 @@ impl From<actix_tls::connect::ConnectError> for ConnectError {
 #[derive(Debug, Display, From)]
 #[non_exhaustive]
 pub enum InvalidUrl {
-    #[display(fmt = "Missing URL scheme")]
+    #[display("Missing URL scheme")]
     MissingScheme,
 
-    #[display(fmt = "Unknown URL scheme")]
+    #[display("Unknown URL scheme")]
     UnknownScheme,
 
-    #[display(fmt = "Missing host name")]
+    #[display("Missing host name")]
     MissingHost,
 
-    #[display(fmt = "URL parse error: {}", _0)]
+    #[display("URL parse error: {}", _0)]
     HttpError(http::Error),
 }
 
@@ -86,11 +86,11 @@ impl std::error::Error for InvalidUrl {}
 #[non_exhaustive]
 pub enum SendRequestError {
     /// Invalid URL
-    #[display(fmt = "Invalid URL: {}", _0)]
+    #[display("Invalid URL: {}", _0)]
     Url(InvalidUrl),
 
     /// Failed to connect to host
-    #[display(fmt = "Failed to connect to host: {}", _0)]
+    #[display("Failed to connect to host: {}", _0)]
     Connect(ConnectError),
 
     /// Error sending request
@@ -100,26 +100,26 @@ pub enum SendRequestError {
     Response(ParseError),
 
     /// Http error
-    #[display(fmt = "{}", _0)]
+    #[display("{}", _0)]
     Http(HttpError),
 
     /// Http2 error
-    #[display(fmt = "{}", _0)]
+    #[display("{}", _0)]
     H2(h2::Error),
 
     /// Response took too long
-    #[display(fmt = "Timeout while waiting for response")]
+    #[display("Timeout while waiting for response")]
     Timeout,
 
     /// Tunnels are not supported for HTTP/2 connection
-    #[display(fmt = "Tunnels are not supported for http2 connection")]
+    #[display("Tunnels are not supported for http2 connection")]
     TunnelNotSupported,
 
     /// Error sending request body
     Body(BoxError),
 
     /// Other errors that can occur after submitting a request.
-    #[display(fmt = "{:?}: {}", _1, _0)]
+    #[display("{:?}: {}", _1, _0)]
     Custom(BoxError, Box<dyn fmt::Debug>),
 }
 
@@ -130,15 +130,15 @@ impl std::error::Error for SendRequestError {}
 #[non_exhaustive]
 pub enum FreezeRequestError {
     /// Invalid URL
-    #[display(fmt = "Invalid URL: {}", _0)]
+    #[display("Invalid URL: {}", _0)]
     Url(InvalidUrl),
 
     /// HTTP error
-    #[display(fmt = "{}", _0)]
+    #[display("{}", _0)]
     Http(HttpError),
 
     /// Other errors that can occur after submitting a request.
-    #[display(fmt = "{:?}: {}", _1, _0)]
+    #[display("{:?}: {}", _1, _0)]
     Custom(BoxError, Box<dyn fmt::Debug>),
 }
 
diff --git a/awc/src/client/h2proto.rs b/awc/src/client/h2proto.rs
index c3f801f20..f12ac3b43 100644
--- a/awc/src/client/h2proto.rs
+++ b/awc/src/client/h2proto.rs
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ use h2::{
     SendStream,
 };
 use http::{
-    header::{HeaderValue, CONNECTION, CONTENT_LENGTH, TRANSFER_ENCODING},
+    header::{HeaderValue, CONNECTION, CONTENT_LENGTH, HOST, TRANSFER_ENCODING},
     request::Request,
     Method, Version,
 };
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ where
             // TODO: consider skipping other headers according to:
             //       https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7540#section-8.1.2.2
             // omit HTTP/1.x only headers
-            CONNECTION | TRANSFER_ENCODING => continue,
+            CONNECTION | TRANSFER_ENCODING | HOST => continue,
             CONTENT_LENGTH if skip_len => continue,
             // DATE => has_date = true,
             _ => {}
diff --git a/awc/src/client/pool.rs b/awc/src/client/pool.rs
index 2938353fd..5d764f729 100644
--- a/awc/src/client/pool.rs
+++ b/awc/src/client/pool.rs
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ use super::{
     Connect,
 };
 
-#[derive(Hash, Eq, PartialEq, Clone, Debug)]
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
 pub struct Key {
     authority: Authority,
 }
@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ impl From<Authority> for Key {
     }
 }
 
+/// Connections pool to reuse I/O per [`Authority`].
 #[doc(hidden)]
-/// Connections pool for reuse Io type for certain [`http::uri::Authority`] as key.
 pub struct ConnectionPool<S, Io>
 where
     Io: AsyncWrite + Unpin + 'static,
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ where
     inner: ConnectionPoolInner<Io>,
 }
 
-/// wrapper type for check the ref count of Rc.
+/// Wrapper type for check the ref count of Rc.
 pub struct ConnectionPoolInner<Io>(Rc<ConnectionPoolInnerPriv<Io>>)
 where
     Io: AsyncWrite + Unpin + 'static;
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ where
 {
     fn new(config: ConnectorConfig) -> Self {
         let permits = Arc::new(Semaphore::new(config.limit));
-        let available = RefCell::new(HashMap::default());
+        let available = RefCell::new(HashMap::new());
 
         Self(Rc::new(ConnectionPoolInnerPriv {
             config,
@@ -72,11 +72,13 @@ where
         }))
     }
 
-    /// spawn a async for graceful shutdown h1 Io type with a timeout.
+    /// Spawns a graceful shutdown task for the underlying I/O with a timeout.
     fn close(&self, conn: ConnectionInnerType<Io>) {
         if let Some(timeout) = self.config.disconnect_timeout {
             if let ConnectionInnerType::H1(io) = conn {
-                actix_rt::spawn(CloseConnection::new(io, timeout));
+                if tokio::runtime::Handle::try_current().is_ok() {
+                    actix_rt::spawn(CloseConnection::new(io, timeout));
+                }
             }
         }
     }
@@ -173,12 +175,15 @@ where
             };
 
             // acquire an owned permit and carry it with connection
-            let permit = inner.permits.clone().acquire_owned().await.map_err(|_| {
-                ConnectError::Io(io::Error::new(
-                    io::ErrorKind::Other,
-                    "failed to acquire semaphore on client connection pool",
-                ))
-            })?;
+            let permit = Arc::clone(&inner.permits)
+                .acquire_owned()
+                .await
+                .map_err(|_| {
+                    ConnectError::Io(io::Error::new(
+                        io::ErrorKind::Other,
+                        "failed to acquire semaphore on client connection pool",
+                    ))
+                })?;
 
             let conn = {
                 let mut conn = None;
diff --git a/awc/src/error.rs b/awc/src/error.rs
index 0104e5fe8..d2d6d71c4 100644
--- a/awc/src/error.rs
+++ b/awc/src/error.rs
@@ -18,35 +18,35 @@ pub use crate::client::{ConnectError, FreezeRequestError, InvalidUrl, SendReques
 #[derive(Debug, Display, From)]
 pub enum WsClientError {
     /// Invalid response status
-    #[display(fmt = "Invalid response status")]
+    #[display("Invalid response status")]
     InvalidResponseStatus(StatusCode),
 
     /// Invalid upgrade header
-    #[display(fmt = "Invalid upgrade header")]
+    #[display("Invalid upgrade header")]
     InvalidUpgradeHeader,
 
     /// Invalid connection header
-    #[display(fmt = "Invalid connection header")]
+    #[display("Invalid connection header")]
     InvalidConnectionHeader(HeaderValue),
 
     /// Missing Connection header
-    #[display(fmt = "Missing Connection header")]
+    #[display("Missing Connection header")]
     MissingConnectionHeader,
 
     /// Missing Sec-Websocket-Accept header
-    #[display(fmt = "Missing Sec-Websocket-Accept header")]
+    #[display("Missing Sec-Websocket-Accept header")]
     MissingWebSocketAcceptHeader,
 
     /// Invalid challenge response
-    #[display(fmt = "Invalid challenge response")]
+    #[display("Invalid challenge response")]
     InvalidChallengeResponse([u8; 28], HeaderValue),
 
     /// Protocol error
-    #[display(fmt = "{}", _0)]
+    #[display("{}", _0)]
     Protocol(WsProtocolError),
 
     /// Send request error
-    #[display(fmt = "{}", _0)]
+    #[display("{}", _0)]
     SendRequest(SendRequestError),
 }
 
@@ -68,13 +68,13 @@ impl From<HttpError> for WsClientError {
 #[derive(Debug, Display, From)]
 pub enum JsonPayloadError {
     /// Content type error
-    #[display(fmt = "Content type error")]
+    #[display("Content type error")]
     ContentType,
     /// Deserialize error
-    #[display(fmt = "Json deserialize error: {}", _0)]
+    #[display("Json deserialize error: {}", _0)]
     Deserialize(JsonError),
     /// Payload error
-    #[display(fmt = "Error that occur during reading payload: {}", _0)]
+    #[display("Error that occur during reading payload: {}", _0)]
     Payload(PayloadError),
 }
 
diff --git a/awc/src/frozen.rs b/awc/src/frozen.rs
index 8f3244997..862405234 100644
--- a/awc/src/frozen.rs
+++ b/awc/src/frozen.rs
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ impl FrozenClientRequest {
     where
         B: MessageBody + 'static,
     {
-        RequestSender::Rc(self.head.clone(), None).send_body(
+        RequestSender::Rc(Rc::clone(&self.head), None).send_body(
             self.addr,
             self.response_decompress,
             self.timeout,
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ impl FrozenClientRequest {
 
     /// Send a json body.
     pub fn send_json<T: Serialize>(&self, value: &T) -> SendClientRequest {
-        RequestSender::Rc(self.head.clone(), None).send_json(
+        RequestSender::Rc(Rc::clone(&self.head), None).send_json(
             self.addr,
             self.response_decompress,
             self.timeout,
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ impl FrozenClientRequest {
 
     /// Send an urlencoded body.
     pub fn send_form<T: Serialize>(&self, value: &T) -> SendClientRequest {
-        RequestSender::Rc(self.head.clone(), None).send_form(
+        RequestSender::Rc(Rc::clone(&self.head), None).send_form(
             self.addr,
             self.response_decompress,
             self.timeout,
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ impl FrozenClientRequest {
         S: Stream<Item = Result<Bytes, E>> + 'static,
         E: Into<BoxError> + 'static,
     {
-        RequestSender::Rc(self.head.clone(), None).send_stream(
+        RequestSender::Rc(Rc::clone(&self.head), None).send_stream(
             self.addr,
             self.response_decompress,
             self.timeout,
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ impl FrozenClientRequest {
 
     /// Send an empty body.
     pub fn send(&self) -> SendClientRequest {
-        RequestSender::Rc(self.head.clone(), None).send(
+        RequestSender::Rc(Rc::clone(&self.head), None).send(
             self.addr,
             self.response_decompress,
             self.timeout,
@@ -147,8 +147,8 @@ impl FrozenSendBuilder {
 
     /// Complete request construction and send a body.
     pub fn send_body(self, body: impl MessageBody + 'static) -> SendClientRequest {
-        if let Some(e) = self.err {
-            return e.into();
+        if let Some(err) = self.err {
+            return err.into();
         }
 
         RequestSender::Rc(self.req.head, Some(self.extra_headers)).send_body(
@@ -177,8 +177,8 @@ impl FrozenSendBuilder {
 
     /// Complete request construction and send an urlencoded body.
     pub fn send_form(self, value: impl Serialize) -> SendClientRequest {
-        if let Some(e) = self.err {
-            return e.into();
+        if let Some(err) = self.err {
+            return err.into();
         }
 
         RequestSender::Rc(self.req.head, Some(self.extra_headers)).send_form(
@@ -196,8 +196,8 @@ impl FrozenSendBuilder {
         S: Stream<Item = Result<Bytes, E>> + 'static,
         E: Into<BoxError> + 'static,
     {
-        if let Some(e) = self.err {
-            return e.into();
+        if let Some(err) = self.err {
+            return err.into();
         }
 
         RequestSender::Rc(self.req.head, Some(self.extra_headers)).send_stream(
@@ -211,8 +211,8 @@ impl FrozenSendBuilder {
 
     /// Complete request construction and send an empty body.
     pub fn send(self) -> SendClientRequest {
-        if let Some(e) = self.err {
-            return e.into();
+        if let Some(err) = self.err {
+            return err.into();
         }
 
         RequestSender::Rc(self.req.head, Some(self.extra_headers)).send(
diff --git a/awc/src/lib.rs b/awc/src/lib.rs
index 460480994..b582d51e4 100644
--- a/awc/src/lib.rs
+++ b/awc/src/lib.rs
@@ -100,8 +100,6 @@
 //! # }
 //! ```
 
-#![deny(rust_2018_idioms, nonstandard_style)]
-#![warn(future_incompatible)]
 #![allow(unknown_lints)] // temp: #[allow(non_local_definitions)]
 #![allow(
     clippy::type_complexity,
diff --git a/awc/src/middleware/redirect.rs b/awc/src/middleware/redirect.rs
index 0ea5f174e..b2cf9c45b 100644
--- a/awc/src/middleware/redirect.rs
+++ b/awc/src/middleware/redirect.rs
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ where
                 RedirectServiceFuture::Tunnel { fut }
             }
             ConnectRequest::Client(head, body, addr) => {
-                let connector = self.connector.clone();
+                let connector = Rc::clone(&self.connector);
                 let max_redirect_times = self.max_redirect_times;
 
                 // backup the uri and method for reuse schema and authority.
diff --git a/awc/src/request.rs b/awc/src/request.rs
index 28ed8b5f5..5f42f67ec 100644
--- a/awc/src/request.rs
+++ b/awc/src/request.rs
@@ -415,8 +415,8 @@ impl ClientRequest {
 
     // allow unused mut when cookies feature is disabled
     fn prep_for_sending(#[allow(unused_mut)] mut self) -> Result<Self, PrepForSendingError> {
-        if let Some(e) = self.err {
-            return Err(e.into());
+        if let Some(err) = self.err {
+            return Err(err.into());
         }
 
         // validate uri
diff --git a/awc/src/sender.rs b/awc/src/sender.rs
index 8de1033a3..0015743bd 100644
--- a/awc/src/sender.rs
+++ b/awc/src/sender.rs
@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ impl From<PrepForSendingError> for FreezeRequestError {
 impl From<PrepForSendingError> for SendRequestError {
     fn from(err: PrepForSendingError) -> SendRequestError {
         match err {
-            PrepForSendingError::Url(e) => SendRequestError::Url(e),
-            PrepForSendingError::Http(e) => SendRequestError::Http(e),
+            PrepForSendingError::Url(err) => SendRequestError::Url(err),
+            PrepForSendingError::Http(err) => SendRequestError::Http(err),
             PrepForSendingError::Json(err) => {
                 SendRequestError::Custom(Box::new(err), Box::new("json serialization error"))
             }
@@ -156,20 +156,20 @@ impl Future for SendClientRequest {
 }
 
 impl From<SendRequestError> for SendClientRequest {
-    fn from(e: SendRequestError) -> Self {
-        SendClientRequest::Err(Some(e))
+    fn from(err: SendRequestError) -> Self {
+        SendClientRequest::Err(Some(err))
     }
 }
 
 impl From<HttpError> for SendClientRequest {
-    fn from(e: HttpError) -> Self {
-        SendClientRequest::Err(Some(e.into()))
+    fn from(err: HttpError) -> Self {
+        SendClientRequest::Err(Some(err.into()))
     }
 }
 
 impl From<PrepForSendingError> for SendClientRequest {
-    fn from(e: PrepForSendingError) -> Self {
-        SendClientRequest::Err(Some(e.into()))
+    fn from(err: PrepForSendingError) -> Self {
+        SendClientRequest::Err(Some(err.into()))
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/awc/src/test.rs b/awc/src/test.rs
index 126583179..a7ed3faf0 100644
--- a/awc/src/test.rs
+++ b/awc/src/test.rs
@@ -65,9 +65,7 @@ impl TestResponse {
 
     /// Set response's payload
     pub fn set_payload<B: Into<Bytes>>(mut self, data: B) -> Self {
-        let (_, mut payload) = h1::Payload::create(true);
-        payload.unread_data(data.into());
-        self.payload = Some(payload.into());
+        self.payload = Some(Payload::from(data.into()));
         self
     }
 
diff --git a/awc/src/ws.rs b/awc/src/ws.rs
index c3340206d..3ce1d286a 100644
--- a/awc/src/ws.rs
+++ b/awc/src/ws.rs
@@ -253,12 +253,13 @@ impl WebsocketsRequest {
     pub async fn connect(
         mut self,
     ) -> Result<(ClientResponse, Framed<BoxedSocket, Codec>), WsClientError> {
-        if let Some(e) = self.err.take() {
-            return Err(e.into());
+        if let Some(err) = self.err.take() {
+            return Err(err.into());
         }
 
-        // validate uri
+        // validate URI
         let uri = &self.head.uri;
+
         if uri.host().is_none() {
             return Err(InvalidUrl::MissingHost.into());
         } else if uri.scheme().is_none() {
@@ -273,9 +274,12 @@ impl WebsocketsRequest {
         }
 
         if !self.head.headers.contains_key(header::HOST) {
+            let hostname = uri.host().unwrap();
+            let port = uri.port();
+
             self.head.headers.insert(
                 header::HOST,
-                HeaderValue::from_str(uri.host().unwrap()).unwrap(),
+                HeaderValue::from_str(&Host { hostname, port }.to_string()).unwrap(),
             );
         }
 
@@ -322,7 +326,7 @@ impl WebsocketsRequest {
 
         // Generate a random key for the `Sec-WebSocket-Key` header which is a base64-encoded
         // (see RFC 4648 §4) value that, when decoded, is 16 bytes in length (RFC 6455 §1.3).
-        let sec_key: [u8; 16] = rand::random();
+        let sec_key = rand::random::<[u8; 16]>();
         let key = BASE64_STANDARD.encode(sec_key);
 
         self.head.headers.insert(
@@ -434,6 +438,25 @@ impl fmt::Debug for WebsocketsRequest {
     }
 }
 
+/// Formatter for host (hostname+port) header values.
+struct Host<'a> {
+    hostname: &'a str,
+    port: Option<http::uri::Port<&'a str>>,
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for Host<'_> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        f.write_str(self.hostname)?;
+
+        if let Some(port) = &self.port {
+            f.write_str(":")?;
+            f.write_str(port.as_str())?;
+        }
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
diff --git a/awc/tests/test_client.rs b/awc/tests/test_client.rs
index 76915630f..43c83891a 100644
--- a/awc/tests/test_client.rs
+++ b/awc/tests/test_client.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ use base64::prelude::*;
 use bytes::Bytes;
 use cookie::Cookie;
 use futures_util::stream;
-use rand::Rng;
+use rand::distr::{Alphanumeric, SampleString as _};
 
 mod utils;
 
@@ -516,11 +516,7 @@ async fn client_gzip_encoding_large() {
 #[cfg(feature = "compress-gzip")]
 #[actix_rt::test]
 async fn client_gzip_encoding_large_random() {
-    let data = rand::thread_rng()
-        .sample_iter(&rand::distributions::Alphanumeric)
-        .take(100_000)
-        .map(char::from)
-        .collect::<String>();
+    let data = Alphanumeric.sample_string(&mut rand::rng(), 100_000);
 
     let srv = actix_test::start(|| {
         App::new().service(web::resource("/").route(web::to(|data: Bytes| async {
@@ -562,11 +558,7 @@ async fn client_brotli_encoding() {
 #[cfg(feature = "compress-brotli")]
 #[actix_rt::test]
 async fn client_brotli_encoding_large_random() {
-    let data = rand::thread_rng()
-        .sample_iter(&rand::distributions::Alphanumeric)
-        .take(70_000)
-        .map(char::from)
-        .collect::<String>();
+    let data = Alphanumeric.sample_string(&mut rand::rng(), 70_000);
 
     let srv = actix_test::start(|| {
         App::new().service(web::resource("/").route(web::to(|data: Bytes| async {
@@ -607,11 +599,7 @@ async fn client_deflate_encoding() {
 
 #[actix_rt::test]
 async fn client_deflate_encoding_large_random() {
-    let data = rand::thread_rng()
-        .sample_iter(rand::distributions::Alphanumeric)
-        .map(char::from)
-        .take(70_000)
-        .collect::<String>();
+    let data = Alphanumeric.sample_string(&mut rand::rng(), 70_000);
 
     let srv = actix_test::start(|| {
         App::new().default_service(web::to(|body: Bytes| async {
diff --git a/justfile b/justfile
index 646c6b44d..8449c3056 100644
--- a/justfile
+++ b/justfile
@@ -3,13 +3,18 @@ _list:
 
 # Format workspace.
 fmt:
+    just --unstable --fmt
     cargo +nightly fmt
     fd --hidden --type=file --extension=md --extension=yml --exec-batch npx -y prettier --write
 
-# Downgrade dev-dependencies necessary to run MSRV checks/tests.
+# Downgrade dependencies necessary to run MSRV checks/tests.
 [private]
 downgrade-for-msrv:
-    cargo update -p=clap --precise=4.4.18
+    cargo update -p=clap --precise=4.4.18 # next ver: 1.74.0
+    cargo update -p=divan --precise=0.1.15 # next ver: 1.80.0
+    cargo update -p=litemap --precise=0.7.4 # next ver: 1.81.0
+    cargo update -p=zerofrom --precise=0.1.5 # next ver: 1.81.0
+    cargo update -p=half --precise=2.4.1 # next ver: 1.81.0
 
 msrv := ```
     cargo metadata --format-version=1 \
@@ -17,20 +22,25 @@ msrv := ```
     | sed -E 's/^1\.([0-9]{2})$/1\.\1\.0/'
 ```
 msrv_rustup := "+" + msrv
-
 non_linux_all_features_list := ```
     cargo metadata --format-version=1 \
     | jq '.packages[] | select(.source == null) | .features | keys' \
     | jq -r --slurp \
-        --arg exclusions "tokio-uring,io-uring,experimental-io-uring" \
+        --arg exclusions "__tls,__compress,tokio-uring,io-uring,experimental-io-uring" \
         'add | unique | . - ($exclusions | split(",")) | join(",")'
 ```
+all_crate_features := if os() == "linux" { "--all-features" } else { "--features='" + non_linux_all_features_list + "'" }
 
-all_crate_features := if os() == "linux" {
-    "--all-features"
-} else {
-    "--features='" + non_linux_all_features_list + "'"
-}
+[private]
+check-min:
+    cargo hack --workspace check --no-default-features
+
+[private]
+check-default:
+    cargo hack --workspace check
+
+# Run Clippy over workspace.
+check toolchain="": && (clippy toolchain)
 
 # Run Clippy over workspace.
 clippy toolchain="":
@@ -43,8 +53,8 @@ test-msrv: downgrade-for-msrv (test msrv_rustup)
 test toolchain="":
     cargo {{ toolchain }} test --lib --tests -p=actix-web-codegen --all-features
     cargo {{ toolchain }} test --lib --tests -p=actix-multipart-derive --all-features
-    cargo {{ toolchain }} nextest run -p=actix-router --no-default-features
-    cargo {{ toolchain }} nextest run --workspace --exclude=actix-web-codegen --exclude=actix-multipart-derive {{ all_crate_features }} --filter-expr="not test(test_reading_deflate_encoding_large_random_rustls)"
+    cargo {{ toolchain }} nextest run --no-tests=warn -p=actix-router --no-default-features
+    cargo {{ toolchain }} nextest run --no-tests=warn --workspace --exclude=actix-web-codegen --exclude=actix-multipart-derive {{ all_crate_features }} --filter-expr="not test(test_reading_deflate_encoding_large_random_rustls)"
 
 # Test workspace docs.
 test-docs toolchain="": && doc
@@ -56,7 +66,7 @@ test-all toolchain="": (test toolchain) (test-docs toolchain)
 # Test workspace and collect coverage info.
 [private]
 test-coverage toolchain="":
-    cargo {{ toolchain }} llvm-cov nextest --no-report {{ all_crate_features }}
+    cargo {{ toolchain }} llvm-cov nextest --no-tests=warn --no-report {{ all_crate_features }}
     cargo {{ toolchain }} llvm-cov --doc --no-report {{ all_crate_features }}
 
 # Test workspace and generate Codecov report.
@@ -69,6 +79,7 @@ test-coverage-lcov toolchain="": (test-coverage toolchain)
 
 # Document crates in workspace.
 doc *args: && doc-set-workspace-crates
+    rm -f "$(cargo metadata --format-version=1 | jq -r '.target_directory')/doc/crates.js"
     RUSTDOCFLAGS="--cfg=docsrs -Dwarnings" cargo +nightly doc --workspace {{ all_crate_features }} {{ args }}
 
 [private]
@@ -76,7 +87,8 @@ doc-set-workspace-crates:
     #!/usr/bin/env bash
     (
         echo "window.ALL_CRATES ="
-        cargo metadata --format-version=1 | jq '[.packages[] | select(.source == null) | .name]'
+        cargo metadata --format-version=1 \
+        | jq '[.packages[] | select(.source == null) | .targets | map(select(.doc) | .name)] | flatten'
         echo ";"
     ) > "$(cargo metadata --format-version=1 | jq -r '.target_directory')/doc/crates.js"
 
@@ -93,13 +105,22 @@ update-readmes: && fmt
     cd ./actix-multipart && cargo rdme --force
     cd ./actix-test && cargo rdme --force
 
+feature_combo_skip_list := if os() == "linux" { "__tls,__compress" } else { "__tls,__compress,experimental-io-uring" }
+
+# Checks compatibility of feature combinations.
+check-feature-combinations:
+    cargo hack --workspace \
+        --feature-powerset --depth=4 \
+        --skip={{ feature_combo_skip_list }} \
+        check
+
 # Check for unintentional external type exposure on all crates in workspace.
 check-external-types-all toolchain="+nightly":
     #!/usr/bin/env bash
     set -euo pipefail
     exit=0
     for f in $(find . -mindepth 2 -maxdepth 2 -name Cargo.toml | grep -vE "\-codegen/|\-derive/|\-macros/"); do
-        if ! just check-external-types-manifest "$f" {{toolchain}}; then exit=1; fi
+        if ! just check-external-types-manifest "$f" {{ toolchain }}; then exit=1; fi
         echo
         echo
     done
@@ -112,9 +133,9 @@ check-external-types-all-table toolchain="+nightly":
     for f in $(find . -mindepth 2 -maxdepth 2 -name Cargo.toml | grep -vE "\-codegen/|\-derive/|\-macros/"); do
         echo
         echo "Checking for $f"
-        just check-external-types-manifest "$f" {{toolchain}} --output-format=markdown-table
+        just check-external-types-manifest "$f" {{ toolchain }} --output-format=markdown-table
     done
 
 # Check for unintentional external type exposure on a crate.
 check-external-types-manifest manifest_path toolchain="+nightly" *extra_args="":
-    cargo {{toolchain}} check-external-types --manifest-path "{{manifest_path}}" {{extra_args}}
+    cargo {{ toolchain }} check-external-types --manifest-path "{{ manifest_path }}" {{ extra_args }}
diff --git a/scripts/bump b/scripts/bump
index 6fd879eae..7a57e6ed0 100755
--- a/scripts/bump
+++ b/scripts/bump
@@ -169,3 +169,5 @@ if [ "$GH_RELEASE" = 'y' ] || [ "$GH_RELEASE" = 'Y' ]; then
 fi
 
 echo
+
+cargo update >/dev/null 2>&1 || true