diff --git a/CHANGES.md b/CHANGES.md
index 87c021b1e..ee9b9308d 100644
--- a/CHANGES.md
+++ b/CHANGES.md
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 # Changes
 
 ## Unreleased - 2020-xx-xx
+### Changed
+* Bumped `rand` to `0.8`
+
 ### Fixed
 * added the actual parsing error to `test::read_body_json` [#1812]
 
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 31c4cca7e..6ed327f56 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ tinyvec = { version = "1", features = ["alloc"] }
 [dev-dependencies]
 actix = "0.10.0"
 actix-http = { version = "2.1.0", features = ["actors"] }
-rand = "0.7"
+rand = "0.8"
 env_logger = "0.8"
 serde_derive = "1.0"
 brotli2 = "0.3.2"
diff --git a/actix-http/CHANGES.md b/actix-http/CHANGES.md
index c602ab2e1..81577688d 100644
--- a/actix-http/CHANGES.md
+++ b/actix-http/CHANGES.md
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 # Changes
 
 ## Unreleased - 2020-xx-xx
-
+### Changed
+* Bumped `rand` to `0.8`
 
 ## 2.2.0 - 2020-11-25
 ### Added
diff --git a/actix-http/Cargo.toml b/actix-http/Cargo.toml
index 7375c6eb3..7cf344487 100644
--- a/actix-http/Cargo.toml
+++ b/actix-http/Cargo.toml
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ log = "0.4"
 mime = "0.3"
 percent-encoding = "2.1"
 pin-project = "1.0.0"
-rand = "0.7"
+rand = "0.8"
 regex = "1.3"
 serde = "1.0"
 serde_json = "1.0"
diff --git a/actix-http/src/client/pool.rs b/actix-http/src/client/pool.rs
index 08abc6277..a8687dbeb 100644
--- a/actix-http/src/client/pool.rs
+++ b/actix-http/src/client/pool.rs
@@ -9,8 +9,9 @@ use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
 use actix_codec::{AsyncRead, AsyncWrite};
 use actix_rt::time::{delay_for, Delay};
 use actix_service::Service;
-use actix_utils::{oneshot, task::LocalWaker};
+use actix_utils::task::LocalWaker;
 use bytes::Bytes;
+use futures_channel::oneshot;
 use futures_util::future::{poll_fn, FutureExt, LocalBoxFuture};
 use fxhash::FxHashMap;
 use h2::client::{Connection, SendRequest};
diff --git a/actix-http/src/cloneable.rs b/actix-http/src/cloneable.rs
index b64c299fc..0e77c455c 100644
--- a/actix-http/src/cloneable.rs
+++ b/actix-http/src/cloneable.rs
@@ -4,12 +4,12 @@ use std::task::{Context, Poll};
 
 use actix_service::Service;
 
-#[doc(hidden)]
 /// Service that allows to turn non-clone service to a service with `Clone` impl
 ///
 /// # Panics
 /// CloneableService might panic with some creative use of thread local storage.
 /// See https://github.com/actix/actix-web/issues/1295 for example
+#[doc(hidden)]
 pub(crate) struct CloneableService<T: Service>(Rc<RefCell<T>>);
 
 impl<T: Service> CloneableService<T> {
diff --git a/actix-http/src/extensions.rs b/actix-http/src/extensions.rs
index 7dda74731..b20dfe11d 100644
--- a/actix-http/src/extensions.rs
+++ b/actix-http/src/extensions.rs
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ use std::{fmt, mem};
 
 use fxhash::FxHashMap;
 
-#[derive(Default)]
 /// A type map of request extensions.
+#[derive(Default)]
 pub struct Extensions {
     /// Use FxHasher with a std HashMap with for faster
     /// lookups on the small `TypeId` (u64 equivalent) keys.
diff --git a/actix-http/src/h1/codec.rs b/actix-http/src/h1/codec.rs
index 036f16670..c9a62dc30 100644
--- a/actix-http/src/h1/codec.rs
+++ b/actix-http/src/h1/codec.rs
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ impl Codec {
         } else {
             Flags::empty()
         };
+
         Codec {
             config,
             flags,
@@ -69,26 +70,26 @@ impl Codec {
         }
     }
 
+    /// Check if request is upgrade.
     #[inline]
-    /// Check if request is upgrade
     pub fn upgrade(&self) -> bool {
         self.ctype == ConnectionType::Upgrade
     }
 
+    /// Check if last response is keep-alive.
     #[inline]
-    /// Check if last response is keep-alive
     pub fn keepalive(&self) -> bool {
         self.ctype == ConnectionType::KeepAlive
     }
 
+    /// Check if keep-alive enabled on server level.
     #[inline]
-    /// Check if keep-alive enabled on server level
     pub fn keepalive_enabled(&self) -> bool {
         self.flags.contains(Flags::KEEPALIVE_ENABLED)
     }
 
+    /// Check last request's message type.
     #[inline]
-    /// Check last request's message type
     pub fn message_type(&self) -> MessageType {
         if self.flags.contains(Flags::STREAM) {
             MessageType::Stream
diff --git a/actix-http/src/h1/dispatcher.rs b/actix-http/src/h1/dispatcher.rs
index ace4144e3..1311a0987 100644
--- a/actix-http/src/h1/dispatcher.rs
+++ b/actix-http/src/h1/dispatcher.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
-use std::collections::VecDeque;
-use std::future::Future;
-use std::pin::Pin;
-use std::task::{Context, Poll};
-use std::{fmt, io, net};
+use std::{
+    collections::VecDeque,
+    fmt,
+    future::Future,
+    io, mem, net,
+    pin::Pin,
+    task::{Context, Poll},
+};
 
 use actix_codec::{AsyncRead, AsyncWrite, Decoder, Encoder, Framed, FramedParts};
 use actix_rt::time::{delay_until, Delay, Instant};
@@ -59,6 +62,9 @@ where
 {
     #[pin]
     inner: DispatcherState<T, S, B, X, U>,
+
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    poll_count: u64,
 }
 
 #[pin_project(project = DispatcherStateProj)]
@@ -247,6 +253,9 @@ where
                 ka_expire,
                 ka_timer,
             }),
+
+            #[cfg(test)]
+            poll_count: 0,
         }
     }
 }
@@ -511,12 +520,12 @@ where
         }
     }
 
-    /// Process one incoming requests
+    /// Process one incoming request.
     pub(self) fn poll_request(
         mut self: Pin<&mut Self>,
         cx: &mut Context<'_>,
     ) -> Result<bool, DispatchError> {
-        // limit a mount of non processed requests
+        // limit amount of non-processed requests
         if self.messages.len() >= MAX_PIPELINED_MESSAGES || !self.can_read(cx) {
             return Ok(false);
         }
@@ -725,6 +734,12 @@ where
     #[inline]
     fn poll(mut self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
         let this = self.as_mut().project();
+
+        #[cfg(test)]
+        {
+            *this.poll_count += 1;
+        }
+
         match this.inner.project() {
             DispatcherStateProj::Normal(mut inner) => {
                 inner.as_mut().poll_keepalive(cx)?;
@@ -788,10 +803,10 @@ where
                             let inner_p = inner.as_mut().project();
                             let mut parts = FramedParts::with_read_buf(
                                 inner_p.io.take().unwrap(),
-                                std::mem::take(inner_p.codec),
-                                std::mem::take(inner_p.read_buf),
+                                mem::take(inner_p.codec),
+                                mem::take(inner_p.read_buf),
                             );
-                            parts.write_buf = std::mem::take(inner_p.write_buf);
+                            parts.write_buf = mem::take(inner_p.write_buf);
                             let framed = Framed::from_parts(parts);
                             let upgrade =
                                 inner_p.upgrade.take().unwrap().call((req, framed));
@@ -803,8 +818,11 @@ where
                         }
 
                         // we didn't get WouldBlock from write operation,
-                        // so data get written to kernel completely (OSX)
+                        // so data get written to kernel completely (macOS)
                         // and we have to write again otherwise response can get stuck
+                        //
+                        // TODO: what? is WouldBlock good or bad?
+                        // want to find a reference for this macOS behavior
                         if inner.as_mut().poll_flush(cx)? || !drain {
                             break;
                         }
@@ -854,6 +872,11 @@ where
     }
 }
 
+/// Returns either:
+/// - `Ok(Some(true))` - data was read and done reading all data.
+/// - `Ok(Some(false))` - data was read but there should be more to read.
+/// - `Ok(None)` - no data was read but there should be more to read later.
+/// - Unhandled Errors
 fn read_available<T>(
     cx: &mut Context<'_>,
     io: &mut T,
@@ -887,17 +910,17 @@ where
                     read_some = true;
                 }
             }
-            Poll::Ready(Err(e)) => {
-                return if e.kind() == io::ErrorKind::WouldBlock {
+            Poll::Ready(Err(err)) => {
+                return if err.kind() == io::ErrorKind::WouldBlock {
                     if read_some {
                         Ok(Some(false))
                     } else {
                         Ok(None)
                     }
-                } else if e.kind() == io::ErrorKind::ConnectionReset && read_some {
+                } else if err.kind() == io::ErrorKind::ConnectionReset && read_some {
                     Ok(Some(true))
                 } else {
-                    Err(e)
+                    Err(err)
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -917,13 +940,64 @@ where
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
-    use actix_service::IntoService;
-    use futures_util::future::{lazy, ok};
+    use std::{marker::PhantomData, str};
+
+    use actix_service::fn_service;
+    use futures_util::future::{lazy, ready};
 
     use super::*;
-    use crate::error::Error;
-    use crate::h1::{ExpectHandler, UpgradeHandler};
     use crate::test::TestBuffer;
+    use crate::{error::Error, KeepAlive};
+    use crate::{
+        h1::{ExpectHandler, UpgradeHandler},
+        test::TestSeqBuffer,
+    };
+
+    fn find_slice(haystack: &[u8], needle: &[u8], from: usize) -> Option<usize> {
+        haystack[from..]
+            .windows(needle.len())
+            .position(|window| window == needle)
+    }
+
+    fn stabilize_date_header(payload: &mut [u8]) {
+        let mut from = 0;
+
+        while let Some(pos) = find_slice(&payload, b"date", from) {
+            payload[(from + pos)..(from + pos + 35)]
+                .copy_from_slice(b"date: Thu, 01 Jan 1970 12:34:56 UTC");
+            from += 35;
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn ok_service() -> impl Service<Request = Request, Response = Response, Error = Error>
+    {
+        fn_service(|_req: Request| ready(Ok::<_, Error>(Response::Ok().finish())))
+    }
+
+    fn echo_path_service(
+    ) -> impl Service<Request = Request, Response = Response, Error = Error> {
+        fn_service(|req: Request| {
+            let path = req.path().as_bytes();
+            ready(Ok::<_, Error>(Response::Ok().body(Body::from_slice(path))))
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn echo_payload_service(
+    ) -> impl Service<Request = Request, Response = Response, Error = Error> {
+        fn_service(|mut req: Request| {
+            Box::pin(async move {
+                use futures_util::stream::StreamExt as _;
+
+                let mut pl = req.take_payload();
+                let mut body = BytesMut::new();
+                while let Some(chunk) = pl.next().await {
+                    body.extend_from_slice(chunk.unwrap().bytes())
+                }
+
+                Ok::<_, Error>(Response::Ok().body(body))
+            })
+        })
+    }
 
     #[actix_rt::test]
     async fn test_req_parse_err() {
@@ -933,9 +1007,7 @@ mod tests {
             let mut h1 = Dispatcher::<_, _, _, _, UpgradeHandler<TestBuffer>>::new(
                 buf,
                 ServiceConfig::default(),
-                CloneableService::new(
-                    (|_| ok::<_, Error>(Response::Ok().finish())).into_service(),
-                ),
+                CloneableService::new(ok_service()),
                 CloneableService::new(ExpectHandler),
                 None,
                 None,
@@ -958,4 +1030,274 @@ mod tests {
         })
         .await;
     }
+
+    #[actix_rt::test]
+    async fn test_pipelining() {
+        lazy(|cx| {
+            let buf = TestBuffer::new(
+                "\
+                GET /abcd HTTP/1.1\r\n\r\n\
+                GET /def HTTP/1.1\r\n\r\n\
+                ",
+            );
+
+            let cfg = ServiceConfig::new(KeepAlive::Disabled, 1, 1, false, None);
+
+            let mut h1 = Dispatcher::<_, _, _, _, UpgradeHandler<TestBuffer>>::new(
+                buf,
+                cfg,
+                CloneableService::new(echo_path_service()),
+                CloneableService::new(ExpectHandler),
+                None,
+                None,
+                Extensions::new(),
+                None,
+            );
+
+            assert!(matches!(&h1.inner, DispatcherState::Normal(_)));
+
+            match Pin::new(&mut h1).poll(cx) {
+                Poll::Pending => panic!("first poll should not be pending"),
+                Poll::Ready(res) => assert!(res.is_ok()),
+            }
+
+            // polls: initial => shutdown
+            assert_eq!(h1.poll_count, 2);
+
+            if let DispatcherState::Normal(ref mut inner) = h1.inner {
+                let res = &mut inner.io.take().unwrap().write_buf[..];
+                stabilize_date_header(res);
+
+                let exp = b"\
+                HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\
+                content-length: 5\r\n\
+                connection: close\r\n\
+                date: Thu, 01 Jan 1970 12:34:56 UTC\r\n\r\n\
+                /abcd\
+                HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\
+                content-length: 4\r\n\
+                connection: close\r\n\
+                date: Thu, 01 Jan 1970 12:34:56 UTC\r\n\r\n\
+                /def\
+                ";
+
+                assert_eq!(res.to_vec(), exp.to_vec());
+            }
+        })
+        .await;
+
+        lazy(|cx| {
+            let buf = TestBuffer::new(
+                "\
+                GET /abcd HTTP/1.1\r\n\r\n\
+                GET /def HTTP/1\r\n\r\n\
+                ",
+            );
+
+            let cfg = ServiceConfig::new(KeepAlive::Disabled, 1, 1, false, None);
+
+            let mut h1 = Dispatcher::<_, _, _, _, UpgradeHandler<TestBuffer>>::new(
+                buf,
+                cfg,
+                CloneableService::new(echo_path_service()),
+                CloneableService::new(ExpectHandler),
+                None,
+                None,
+                Extensions::new(),
+                None,
+            );
+
+            assert!(matches!(&h1.inner, DispatcherState::Normal(_)));
+
+            match Pin::new(&mut h1).poll(cx) {
+                Poll::Pending => panic!("first poll should not be pending"),
+                Poll::Ready(res) => assert!(res.is_err()),
+            }
+
+            // polls: initial => shutdown
+            assert_eq!(h1.poll_count, 1);
+
+            if let DispatcherState::Normal(ref mut inner) = h1.inner {
+                let res = &mut inner.io.take().unwrap().write_buf[..];
+                stabilize_date_header(res);
+
+                let exp = b"\
+                HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\
+                content-length: 5\r\n\
+                connection: close\r\n\
+                date: Thu, 01 Jan 1970 12:34:56 UTC\r\n\r\n\
+                /abcd\
+                HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request\r\n\
+                content-length: 0\r\n\
+                connection: close\r\n\
+                date: Thu, 01 Jan 1970 12:34:56 UTC\r\n\r\n\
+                ";
+
+                assert_eq!(res.to_vec(), exp.to_vec());
+            }
+        })
+        .await;
+    }
+
+    #[actix_rt::test]
+    async fn test_expect() {
+        lazy(|cx| {
+            let mut buf = TestSeqBuffer::empty();
+            let cfg = ServiceConfig::new(KeepAlive::Disabled, 0, 0, false, None);
+            let mut h1 = Dispatcher::<_, _, _, _, UpgradeHandler<_>>::new(
+                buf.clone(),
+                cfg,
+                CloneableService::new(echo_payload_service()),
+                CloneableService::new(ExpectHandler),
+                None,
+                None,
+                Extensions::new(),
+                None,
+            );
+
+            buf.extend_read_buf(
+                "\
+                POST /upload HTTP/1.1\r\n\
+                Content-Length: 5\r\n\
+                Expect: 100-continue\r\n\
+                \r\n\
+                ",
+            );
+
+            assert!(Pin::new(&mut h1).poll(cx).is_pending());
+            assert!(matches!(&h1.inner, DispatcherState::Normal(_)));
+
+            // polls: manual
+            assert_eq!(h1.poll_count, 1);
+            eprintln!("poll count: {}", h1.poll_count);
+
+            if let DispatcherState::Normal(ref inner) = h1.inner {
+                let io = inner.io.as_ref().unwrap();
+                let res = &io.write_buf()[..];
+                assert_eq!(
+                    str::from_utf8(res).unwrap(),
+                    "HTTP/1.1 100 Continue\r\n\r\n"
+                );
+            }
+
+            buf.extend_read_buf("12345");
+            assert!(Pin::new(&mut h1).poll(cx).is_ready());
+
+            // polls: manual manual shutdown
+            assert_eq!(h1.poll_count, 3);
+
+            if let DispatcherState::Normal(ref inner) = h1.inner {
+                let io = inner.io.as_ref().unwrap();
+                let mut res = (&io.write_buf()[..]).to_owned();
+                stabilize_date_header(&mut res);
+
+                assert_eq!(
+                    str::from_utf8(&res).unwrap(),
+                    "\
+                    HTTP/1.1 100 Continue\r\n\
+                    \r\n\
+                    HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\
+                    content-length: 5\r\n\
+                    connection: close\r\n\
+                    date: Thu, 01 Jan 1970 12:34:56 UTC\r\n\
+                    \r\n\
+                    12345\
+                    "
+                );
+            }
+        })
+        .await;
+    }
+
+    #[actix_rt::test]
+    async fn test_eager_expect() {
+        lazy(|cx| {
+            let mut buf = TestSeqBuffer::empty();
+            let cfg = ServiceConfig::new(KeepAlive::Disabled, 0, 0, false, None);
+            let mut h1 = Dispatcher::<_, _, _, _, UpgradeHandler<_>>::new(
+                buf.clone(),
+                cfg,
+                CloneableService::new(echo_path_service()),
+                CloneableService::new(ExpectHandler),
+                None,
+                None,
+                Extensions::new(),
+                None,
+            );
+
+            buf.extend_read_buf(
+                "\
+                POST /upload HTTP/1.1\r\n\
+                Content-Length: 5\r\n\
+                Expect: 100-continue\r\n\
+                \r\n\
+                ",
+            );
+
+            assert!(Pin::new(&mut h1).poll(cx).is_ready());
+            assert!(matches!(&h1.inner, DispatcherState::Normal(_)));
+
+            // polls: manual shutdown
+            assert_eq!(h1.poll_count, 2);
+
+            if let DispatcherState::Normal(ref inner) = h1.inner {
+                let io = inner.io.as_ref().unwrap();
+                let mut res = (&io.write_buf()[..]).to_owned();
+                stabilize_date_header(&mut res);
+
+                // Despite the content-length header and even though the request payload has not
+                // been sent, this test expects a complete service response since the payload
+                // is not used at all. The service passed to dispatcher is path echo and doesn't
+                // consume payload bytes.
+                assert_eq!(
+                    str::from_utf8(&res).unwrap(),
+                    "\
+                    HTTP/1.1 100 Continue\r\n\
+                    \r\n\
+                    HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\
+                    content-length: 7\r\n\
+                    connection: close\r\n\
+                    date: Thu, 01 Jan 1970 12:34:56 UTC\r\n\
+                    \r\n\
+                    /upload\
+                    "
+                );
+            }
+        })
+        .await;
+    }
+
+    #[actix_rt::test]
+    async fn test_upgrade() {
+        lazy(|cx| {
+            let mut buf = TestSeqBuffer::empty();
+            let cfg = ServiceConfig::new(KeepAlive::Disabled, 0, 0, false, None);
+            let mut h1 = Dispatcher::<_, _, _, _, UpgradeHandler<_>>::new(
+                buf.clone(),
+                cfg,
+                CloneableService::new(ok_service()),
+                CloneableService::new(ExpectHandler),
+                Some(CloneableService::new(UpgradeHandler(PhantomData))),
+                None,
+                Extensions::new(),
+                None,
+            );
+
+            buf.extend_read_buf(
+                "\
+                GET /ws HTTP/1.1\r\n\
+                Connection: Upgrade\r\n\
+                Upgrade: websocket\r\n\
+                \r\n\
+                ",
+            );
+
+            assert!(Pin::new(&mut h1).poll(cx).is_ready());
+            assert!(matches!(&h1.inner, DispatcherState::Upgrade(_)));
+
+            // polls: manual shutdown
+            assert_eq!(h1.poll_count, 2);
+        })
+        .await;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/actix-http/src/h1/expect.rs b/actix-http/src/h1/expect.rs
index 6c08df08e..b89c7ff74 100644
--- a/actix-http/src/h1/expect.rs
+++ b/actix-http/src/h1/expect.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use std::task::{Context, Poll};
 
 use actix_service::{Service, ServiceFactory};
-use futures_util::future::{ok, Ready};
+use futures_util::future::{ready, Ready};
 
 use crate::error::Error;
 use crate::request::Request;
@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ impl ServiceFactory for ExpectHandler {
     type InitError = Error;
     type Future = Ready<Result<Self::Service, Self::InitError>>;
 
-    fn new_service(&self, _: ()) -> Self::Future {
-        ok(ExpectHandler)
+    fn new_service(&self, _: Self::Config) -> Self::Future {
+        ready(Ok(ExpectHandler))
     }
 }
 
@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@ impl Service for ExpectHandler {
     }
 
     fn call(&mut self, req: Request) -> Self::Future {
-        ok(req)
+        ready(Ok(req))
+        // TODO: add some way to trigger error
+        // Err(error::ErrorExpectationFailed("test"))
     }
 }
diff --git a/actix-http/src/h1/upgrade.rs b/actix-http/src/h1/upgrade.rs
index 22ba99e26..8615f27a8 100644
--- a/actix-http/src/h1/upgrade.rs
+++ b/actix-http/src/h1/upgrade.rs
@@ -3,13 +3,13 @@ use std::task::{Context, Poll};
 
 use actix_codec::Framed;
 use actix_service::{Service, ServiceFactory};
-use futures_util::future::Ready;
+use futures_util::future::{ready, Ready};
 
 use crate::error::Error;
 use crate::h1::Codec;
 use crate::request::Request;
 
-pub struct UpgradeHandler<T>(PhantomData<T>);
+pub struct UpgradeHandler<T>(pub(crate) PhantomData<T>);
 
 impl<T> ServiceFactory for UpgradeHandler<T> {
     type Config = ();
@@ -36,6 +36,6 @@ impl<T> Service for UpgradeHandler<T> {
     }
 
     fn call(&mut self, _: Self::Request) -> Self::Future {
-        unimplemented!()
+        ready(Ok(()))
     }
 }
diff --git a/actix-http/src/test.rs b/actix-http/src/test.rs
index b79f5a73c..4512e72c2 100644
--- a/actix-http/src/test.rs
+++ b/actix-http/src/test.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,14 @@
-//! Test Various helpers for Actix applications to use during testing.
-use std::convert::TryFrom;
-use std::io::{self, Read, Write};
-use std::pin::Pin;
-use std::str::FromStr;
-use std::task::{Context, Poll};
+//! Various testing helpers for use in internal and app tests.
+
+use std::{
+    cell::{Ref, RefCell},
+    convert::TryFrom,
+    io::{self, Read, Write},
+    pin::Pin,
+    rc::Rc,
+    str::FromStr,
+    task::{Context, Poll},
+};
 
 use actix_codec::{AsyncRead, AsyncWrite};
 use bytes::{Bytes, BytesMut};
@@ -183,7 +188,7 @@ fn parts(parts: &mut Option<Inner>) -> &mut Inner {
     parts.as_mut().expect("cannot reuse test request builder")
 }
 
-/// Async io buffer
+/// Async I/O test buffer.
 pub struct TestBuffer {
     pub read_buf: BytesMut,
     pub write_buf: BytesMut,
@@ -191,24 +196,24 @@ pub struct TestBuffer {
 }
 
 impl TestBuffer {
-    /// Create new TestBuffer instance
-    pub fn new<T>(data: T) -> TestBuffer
+    /// Create new `TestBuffer` instance with initial read buffer.
+    pub fn new<T>(data: T) -> Self
     where
-        BytesMut: From<T>,
+        T: Into<BytesMut>,
     {
-        TestBuffer {
-            read_buf: BytesMut::from(data),
+        Self {
+            read_buf: data.into(),
             write_buf: BytesMut::new(),
             err: None,
         }
     }
 
-    /// Create new empty TestBuffer instance
-    pub fn empty() -> TestBuffer {
-        TestBuffer::new("")
+    /// Create new empty `TestBuffer` instance.
+    pub fn empty() -> Self {
+        Self::new("")
     }
 
-    /// Add extra data to read buffer.
+    /// Add data to read buffer.
     pub fn extend_read_buf<T: AsRef<[u8]>>(&mut self, data: T) {
         self.read_buf.extend_from_slice(data.as_ref())
     }
@@ -236,6 +241,7 @@ impl io::Write for TestBuffer {
         self.write_buf.extend(buf);
         Ok(buf.len())
     }
+
     fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
         Ok(())
     }
@@ -268,3 +274,113 @@ impl AsyncWrite for TestBuffer {
         Poll::Ready(Ok(()))
     }
 }
+
+/// Async I/O test buffer with ability to incrementally add to the read buffer.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct TestSeqBuffer(Rc<RefCell<TestSeqInner>>);
+
+impl TestSeqBuffer {
+    /// Create new `TestBuffer` instance with initial read buffer.
+    pub fn new<T>(data: T) -> Self
+    where
+        T: Into<BytesMut>,
+    {
+        Self(Rc::new(RefCell::new(TestSeqInner {
+            read_buf: data.into(),
+            write_buf: BytesMut::new(),
+            err: None,
+        })))
+    }
+
+    /// Create new empty `TestBuffer` instance.
+    pub fn empty() -> Self {
+        Self::new("")
+    }
+
+    pub fn read_buf(&self) -> Ref<'_, BytesMut> {
+        Ref::map(self.0.borrow(), |inner| &inner.read_buf)
+    }
+
+    pub fn write_buf(&self) -> Ref<'_, BytesMut> {
+        Ref::map(self.0.borrow(), |inner| &inner.write_buf)
+    }
+
+    pub fn err(&self) -> Ref<'_, Option<io::Error>> {
+        Ref::map(self.0.borrow(), |inner| &inner.err)
+    }
+
+    /// Add data to read buffer.
+    pub fn extend_read_buf<T: AsRef<[u8]>>(&mut self, data: T) {
+        self.0
+            .borrow_mut()
+            .read_buf
+            .extend_from_slice(data.as_ref())
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct TestSeqInner {
+    read_buf: BytesMut,
+    write_buf: BytesMut,
+    err: Option<io::Error>,
+}
+
+impl io::Read for TestSeqBuffer {
+    fn read(&mut self, dst: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize, io::Error> {
+        if self.0.borrow().read_buf.is_empty() {
+            if self.0.borrow().err.is_some() {
+                Err(self.0.borrow_mut().err.take().unwrap())
+            } else {
+                Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::WouldBlock, ""))
+            }
+        } else {
+            let size = std::cmp::min(self.0.borrow().read_buf.len(), dst.len());
+            let b = self.0.borrow_mut().read_buf.split_to(size);
+            dst[..size].copy_from_slice(&b);
+            Ok(size)
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl io::Write for TestSeqBuffer {
+    fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> io::Result<usize> {
+        self.0.borrow_mut().write_buf.extend(buf);
+        Ok(buf.len())
+    }
+
+    fn flush(&mut self) -> io::Result<()> {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+impl AsyncRead for TestSeqBuffer {
+    fn poll_read(
+        self: Pin<&mut Self>,
+        _: &mut Context<'_>,
+        buf: &mut [u8],
+    ) -> Poll<io::Result<usize>> {
+        let r = self.get_mut().read(buf);
+        match r {
+            Ok(n) => Poll::Ready(Ok(n)),
+            Err(err) if err.kind() == io::ErrorKind::WouldBlock => Poll::Pending,
+            Err(err) => Poll::Ready(Err(err)),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl AsyncWrite for TestSeqBuffer {
+    fn poll_write(
+        self: Pin<&mut Self>,
+        _: &mut Context<'_>,
+        buf: &[u8],
+    ) -> Poll<io::Result<usize>> {
+        Poll::Ready(self.get_mut().write(buf))
+    }
+
+    fn poll_flush(self: Pin<&mut Self>, _: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<io::Result<()>> {
+        Poll::Ready(Ok(()))
+    }
+
+    fn poll_shutdown(self: Pin<&mut Self>, _: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<io::Result<()>> {
+        Poll::Ready(Ok(()))
+    }
+}
diff --git a/actix-http/src/ws/mod.rs b/actix-http/src/ws/mod.rs
index 6ffdecc35..cd212fb7e 100644
--- a/actix-http/src/ws/mod.rs
+++ b/actix-http/src/ws/mod.rs
@@ -197,13 +197,13 @@ mod tests {
         let req = TestRequest::default().method(Method::POST).finish();
         assert_eq!(
             HandshakeError::GetMethodRequired,
-            verify_handshake(req.head()).err().unwrap()
+            verify_handshake(req.head()).unwrap_err(),
         );
 
         let req = TestRequest::default().finish();
         assert_eq!(
             HandshakeError::NoWebsocketUpgrade,
-            verify_handshake(req.head()).err().unwrap()
+            verify_handshake(req.head()).unwrap_err(),
         );
 
         let req = TestRequest::default()
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ mod tests {
             .finish();
         assert_eq!(
             HandshakeError::NoWebsocketUpgrade,
-            verify_handshake(req.head()).err().unwrap()
+            verify_handshake(req.head()).unwrap_err(),
         );
 
         let req = TestRequest::default()
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ mod tests {
             .finish();
         assert_eq!(
             HandshakeError::NoConnectionUpgrade,
-            verify_handshake(req.head()).err().unwrap()
+            verify_handshake(req.head()).unwrap_err(),
         );
 
         let req = TestRequest::default()
@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ mod tests {
             .finish();
         assert_eq!(
             HandshakeError::NoVersionHeader,
-            verify_handshake(req.head()).err().unwrap()
+            verify_handshake(req.head()).unwrap_err(),
         );
 
         let req = TestRequest::default()
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ mod tests {
             .finish();
         assert_eq!(
             HandshakeError::UnsupportedVersion,
-            verify_handshake(req.head()).err().unwrap()
+            verify_handshake(req.head()).unwrap_err(),
         );
 
         let req = TestRequest::default()
@@ -275,7 +275,7 @@ mod tests {
             .finish();
         assert_eq!(
             HandshakeError::BadWebsocketKey,
-            verify_handshake(req.head()).err().unwrap()
+            verify_handshake(req.head()).unwrap_err(),
         );
 
         let req = TestRequest::default()
diff --git a/awc/CHANGES.md b/awc/CHANGES.md
index 7ca415336..e4f801bbe 100644
--- a/awc/CHANGES.md
+++ b/awc/CHANGES.md
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 # Changes
 
 ## Unreleased - 2020-xx-xx
+### Changed
+* Bumped `rand` to `0.8`
 
 
 ## 2.0.3 - 2020-11-29
diff --git a/awc/Cargo.toml b/awc/Cargo.toml
index 3c1963d6b..2e92526d2 100644
--- a/awc/Cargo.toml
+++ b/awc/Cargo.toml
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ futures-core = { version = "0.3.5", default-features = false }
 log =" 0.4"
 mime = "0.3"
 percent-encoding = "2.1"
-rand = "0.7"
+rand = "0.8"
 serde = "1.0"
 serde_json = "1.0"
 serde_urlencoded = "0.7"
diff --git a/awc/tests/test_client.rs b/awc/tests/test_client.rs
index a9552d0d5..0024c6652 100644
--- a/awc/tests/test_client.rs
+++ b/awc/tests/test_client.rs
@@ -480,6 +480,7 @@ async fn test_client_gzip_encoding_large_random() {
     let data = rand::thread_rng()
         .sample_iter(&rand::distributions::Alphanumeric)
         .take(100_000)
+        .map(char::from)
         .collect::<String>();
 
     let srv = test::start(|| {
@@ -529,6 +530,7 @@ async fn test_client_brotli_encoding_large_random() {
     let data = rand::thread_rng()
         .sample_iter(&rand::distributions::Alphanumeric)
         .take(70_000)
+        .map(char::from)
         .collect::<String>();
 
     let srv = test::start(|| {
diff --git a/src/middleware/normalize.rs b/src/middleware/normalize.rs
index ac8ad71d5..ad9f51079 100644
--- a/src/middleware/normalize.rs
+++ b/src/middleware/normalize.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
-//! `Middleware` to normalize request's URI
+//! For middleware documentation, see [`NormalizePath`].
+
 use std::task::{Context, Poll};
 
 use actix_http::http::{PathAndQuery, Uri};
 use actix_service::{Service, Transform};
 use bytes::Bytes;
-use futures_util::future::{ok, Ready};
+use futures_util::future::{ready, Ready};
 use regex::Regex;
 
 use crate::service::{ServiceRequest, ServiceResponse};
@@ -17,10 +18,12 @@ pub enum TrailingSlash {
     /// Always add a trailing slash to the end of the path.
     /// This will require all routes to end in a trailing slash for them to be accessible.
     Always,
+
     /// Only merge any present multiple trailing slashes.
     ///
-    /// Note: This option provides the best compatibility with the v2 version of this middlware.
+    /// Note: This option provides the best compatibility with the v2 version of this middleware.
     MergeOnly,
+
     /// Trim trailing slashes from the end of the path.
     Trim,
 }
@@ -32,28 +35,53 @@ impl Default for TrailingSlash {
 }
 
 #[derive(Default, Clone, Copy)]
-/// `Middleware` to normalize request's URI in place
+/// Middleware to normalize a request's path so that routes can be matched less strictly.
 ///
-/// Performs following:
-///
-/// - Merges multiple slashes into one.
+/// # Normalization Steps
+/// - Merges multiple consecutive slashes into one. (For example, `/path//one` always
+///   becomes `/path/one`.)
 /// - Appends a trailing slash if one is not present, removes one if present, or keeps trailing
-///   slashes as-is, depending on the supplied `TrailingSlash` variant.
+///   slashes as-is, depending on which [`TrailingSlash`] variant is supplied
+///   to [`new`](NormalizePath::new()).
 ///
+/// # Default Behavior
+/// The default constructor chooses to strip trailing slashes from the end
+/// ([`TrailingSlash::Trim`]), the effect is that route definitions should be defined without
+/// trailing slashes or else they will be inaccessible.
+///
+/// # Example
 /// ```rust
-/// use actix_web::{web, http, middleware, App, HttpResponse};
+/// use actix_web::{web, middleware, App};
 ///
-/// # fn main() {
+/// # #[actix_rt::test]
+/// # async fn normalize() {
 /// let app = App::new()
 ///     .wrap(middleware::NormalizePath::default())
-///     .service(
-///         web::resource("/test")
-///             .route(web::get().to(|| HttpResponse::Ok()))
-///             .route(web::method(http::Method::HEAD).to(|| HttpResponse::MethodNotAllowed()))
-///     );
+///     .route("/test", web::get().to(|| async { "test" }))
+///     .route("/unmatchable/", web::get().to(|| async { "unmatchable" }));
+///
+/// use actix_web::http::StatusCode;
+/// use actix_web::test::{call_service, init_service, TestRequest};
+///
+/// let mut app = init_service(app).await;
+///
+/// let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/test").to_request();
+/// let res = call_service(&mut app, req).await;
+/// assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+///
+/// let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/test/").to_request();
+/// let res = call_service(&mut app, req).await;
+/// assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::OK);
+///
+/// let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/unmatchable").to_request();
+/// let res = call_service(&mut app, req).await;
+/// assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
+///
+/// let req = TestRequest::with_uri("/unmatchable/").to_request();
+/// let res = call_service(&mut app, req).await;
+/// assert_eq!(res.status(), StatusCode::NOT_FOUND);
 /// # }
 /// ```
-
 pub struct NormalizePath(TrailingSlash);
 
 impl NormalizePath {
@@ -76,11 +104,11 @@ where
     type Future = Ready<Result<Self::Transform, Self::InitError>>;
 
     fn new_transform(&self, service: S) -> Self::Future {
-        ok(NormalizePathNormalization {
+        ready(Ok(NormalizePathNormalization {
             service,
             merge_slash: Regex::new("//+").unwrap(),
             trailing_slash_behavior: self.0,
-        })
+        }))
     }
 }
 
@@ -160,9 +188,11 @@ mod tests {
     use actix_service::IntoService;
 
     use super::*;
-    use crate::dev::ServiceRequest;
-    use crate::test::{call_service, init_service, TestRequest};
-    use crate::{web, App, HttpResponse};
+    use crate::{
+        dev::ServiceRequest,
+        test::{call_service, init_service, TestRequest},
+        web, App, HttpResponse,
+    };
 
     #[actix_rt::test]
     async fn test_wrap() {
@@ -244,7 +274,7 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[actix_rt::test]
-    async fn keep_trailing_slash_unchange() {
+    async fn keep_trailing_slash_unchanged() {
         let mut app = init_service(
             App::new()
                 .wrap(NormalizePath(TrailingSlash::MergeOnly))
@@ -279,7 +309,7 @@ mod tests {
     async fn test_in_place_normalization() {
         let srv = |req: ServiceRequest| {
             assert_eq!("/v1/something/", req.path());
-            ok(req.into_response(HttpResponse::Ok().finish()))
+            ready(Ok(req.into_response(HttpResponse::Ok().finish())))
         };
 
         let mut normalize = NormalizePath::default()
@@ -310,7 +340,7 @@ mod tests {
 
         let srv = |req: ServiceRequest| {
             assert_eq!(URI, req.path());
-            ok(req.into_response(HttpResponse::Ok().finish()))
+            ready(Ok(req.into_response(HttpResponse::Ok().finish())))
         };
 
         let mut normalize = NormalizePath::default()
@@ -324,12 +354,12 @@ mod tests {
     }
 
     #[actix_rt::test]
-    async fn should_normalize_notrail() {
+    async fn should_normalize_no_trail() {
         const URI: &str = "/v1/something";
 
         let srv = |req: ServiceRequest| {
             assert_eq!(URI.to_string() + "/", req.path());
-            ok(req.into_response(HttpResponse::Ok().finish()))
+            ready(Ok(req.into_response(HttpResponse::Ok().finish())))
         };
 
         let mut normalize = NormalizePath::default()
diff --git a/tests/test_server.rs b/tests/test_server.rs
index f8a9ab86d..c6c316f0d 100644
--- a/tests/test_server.rs
+++ b/tests/test_server.rs
@@ -248,6 +248,7 @@ async fn test_body_gzip_large_random() {
     let data = rand::thread_rng()
         .sample_iter(&Alphanumeric)
         .take(70_000)
+        .map(char::from)
         .collect::<String>();
     let srv_data = data.clone();
 
@@ -529,6 +530,7 @@ async fn test_reading_gzip_encoding_large_random() {
     let data = rand::thread_rng()
         .sample_iter(&Alphanumeric)
         .take(60_000)
+        .map(char::from)
         .collect::<String>();
 
     let srv = test::start_with(test::config().h1(), || {
@@ -614,6 +616,7 @@ async fn test_reading_deflate_encoding_large_random() {
     let data = rand::thread_rng()
         .sample_iter(&Alphanumeric)
         .take(160_000)
+        .map(char::from)
         .collect::<String>();
 
     let srv = test::start_with(test::config().h1(), || {
@@ -672,6 +675,7 @@ async fn test_brotli_encoding_large() {
     let data = rand::thread_rng()
         .sample_iter(&Alphanumeric)
         .take(320_000)
+        .map(char::from)
         .collect::<String>();
 
     let srv = test::start_with(test::config().h1(), || {
@@ -753,6 +757,7 @@ async fn test_reading_deflate_encoding_large_random_rustls() {
     let data = rand::thread_rng()
         .sample_iter(&Alphanumeric)
         .take(160_000)
+        .map(char::from)
         .collect::<String>();
 
     // load ssl keys